Thermionic generator module with heat pipes

• US 5,219,516 A
• Filed: 06/16/1992
• Issued: 06/15/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Thermacore Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Thermacore Incorporated
• Inventors: Ernst, Donald M., Horner-Richardson, Kevin
• Primary Examiner(s): Walsh, Donald P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): CHELLIAH, MEENA A
• Application Number:
  US07/899,273
• Time in Patent Office: 364 Days
• Field of Search: 376/321, 376/367, 376/904, 136/202, 136/253, 310/301, 310/306, 976/DIG. 311, 976/DIG. 284, 165/32, 165/10
• US Class Current: 376/321
• CPC Class Codes: G21D 7/04 using thermoelectric elements or thermoionic convertersstructural combination of fuel element with thermoelectric element or with thermoionic converters G21C3/40 , G21H1/10; thermoelectric elements per se H10N10/00, H10N15/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 30/00 Energy generation of nuclear origin

Abstract

A thermionic electric converter module integrated with heating and cooling heat pipes. Two heat pipes are arranged concentrically, with the annular emitter heat pipe on the outside of the module to isothermally distribute heat from a source located in any direction around the unit to the emitter located on the inside exterior wall of the heat pipe. The exterior wall surface of the collector heat pipe, located inside the annular emitter heat pipe, is separated from the emitter by the thermionic converter'"'"'s interelectrode gap and serves as the collector of the thermionic converter. The collector heat pipe is of conventional cylindrical configuration and transports the waste heat of the thermionic converter along the unit'"'"'s axis to a remote location for disposal.

Claims

1. A thermionic converter module comprising:

a first heat pipe with an annular casing which has a first surface located on an inside surface of the annular casing, at least part of the first surface of the casing of the first heat pipe having constructed upon it a thermionic converter emitter located so that heat will be transferred by conduction from the first heat pipe casing to the thermionic converter emitter;

a second heat pipe with a casing which has a second surface, the second surface being located within the first surface of the annular casing of the first heat pipe so that it is surrounded by the first surface;

a thermionic converter collector located so as to transfer heat by conduction to the second surface of the casing of the second heat pipe with the thermionic converter collector being adjacent to the thermionic converter emitter but being separated from the thermionic converter emitter by an interelectrode space; and

end fitting structures located so that, with the thermionic converter collector and the thermionic converter emitter, they complete an enclosure around the interelectrode space and form an evacuated enclosure within which are located the thermionic converter collector and the thermionic converter emitter.

2. The thermionic converter module of claim 1 further including heat removal means acting upon the second heat pipe in a region other than the second surface to which the thermionic converter collector transfers heat.

3. The thermionic converter module of claim 1 wherein the second heat pipe is constructed in the form of a cylinder and the first heat pipe is constructed in the form of an annular structure around the cylinder of the second heat pipe.

4. A thermionic generator assembly comprising a plurality of modules arranged in a configuration adjacent to a heat source, each module comprising:

a first heat pipe located to be radiated with heat from a heat source, the first heat pipe having an annular casing which has a first surface located on an inside surface of the annular casing, at least part of the first surface of the casing of the first heat pipe having constructed upon it a thermionic converter emitter located so that heat will be transferred by conduction from the first heat pipe casing to the thermionic converter emitter;

a second heat pipe with a casing which has a second surface, the second surface being located within the first surface of the annular casing of the first heat pipe so that it is surrounded by the first surface;

a thermionic converter collector located so as to transfer heat by conduction to the second surface of the casing of the second heat pipe, with the thermionic converter collector being adjacent to the thermionic converter emitter but being separated from the thermionic converter emitter by an interelectrode space; and

end fitting structures located so that, with the thermionic converter collector and the thermionic converter emitter, they complete an enclosure around the interelectrode space and form an evacuated enclosure within which are located the thermionic converter collector and the thermionic converter emitter.

5. The thermionic generator assembly of claim 4 wherein thermionic converter modules are of lengths different from the length of the thermionic converter modules to which they are adjacent.

6. The thermionic generator assembly of claim 4 wherein at least one of the thermionic converter modules is used as an electrical connector to an external circuit.

7. The thermionic generator assembly of claim 4 wherein some modules are arranged end to end to form stacks of modules, and the thermionic converter collectors of the modules in a stack transfer heat to a common collector heat pipe.

8. The thermionic generator assembly of claim 4 wherein some modules are arranged end to end to form stacks of modules, the thermionic converter collectors of the modules in a stack transfer heat to a common collector heat pipe and the thermionic converter collectors are electrically insulated from the casing of the common collector heat pipe.

9. The thermionic generator assembly of claim 4 wherein the modules are cylinders.

10. A thermionic converter comprising:

an annular heat pipe with a casing, at least part of one inner surface of the casing of the heat pipe having constructed upon it a thermionic converter emitter located so that heat will be transferred by conduction from the heat pipe casing to the thermionic converter emitter;

a thermionic converter collector located adjacent to the thermionic converter emitter but being separated from the thermionic converter emitter by an interelectrode space, the collector being located within the annular casing of the heat pipe so that it is surrounded by the surface of the casing on which the emitter is constructed; and

end fitting structures located so that, with the thermionic converter collector and the thermionic converter emitter, they complete an enclosure around the interelectrode space and form an evacuated enclosure within which are located the thermionic converter collector and the thermionic converter emitter.