Integral unitary manifold-muffler-catalyst device

• US 5,220,789 A
• Filed: 03/05/1991
• Issued: 06/22/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 03/05/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Michigan (University of Michigan)
• Original Assignee: Ford Motor Company
• Inventors: Gandhi, Haren S., McCabe, Robert W., Riley, James E., Bazil, Thomas E., Adam, William R., Creutz, Hans P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hart, Douglas
• Application Number:
  US07/664,722
• Time in Patent Office: 840 Days
• Field of Search: 60/299, 60/302, 422/176, 422/180, 181/240, 181/249, 181/251
• US Class Current: 60/302
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 13/04 concerning exhaust collecting exhaust gases with central suction systems not forming part of vehicles, e.g. in workshops or tunnels B08B15/002, otherwise along carriageways E01C1/005; extensions for melting snow on roads E01H5/00, E01H6/00; exhaust or silencing apparatus for internal combustion engines per se F01N; pipes, joints or supports therefor F16L
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/10 of exhaust manifolds with cooling jacket F01N3/046
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/102 having thermal insulation
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/14 having thermal insulation exhaust manifolds F01N13/102
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2230/04 Catalytic converters
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2470/06 Tubes being formed by assembly of stamped or otherwise deformed sheet-metal
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2470/28 Tubes being formed by moulding or casting x
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/2853 using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/2857 the mats or gaskets being at least partially made of intumescent material, e.g. unexpanded vermiculite
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/2882 Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices combined with absorbents or adsorbents only F01N3/0814; combined with particulate filters F01N3/035
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/2885 with exhaust silencers in a single housing
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/2892 Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device

Abstract

An integral manifold-muffler-catalyst device (for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of combustion cylinders generating exhaust gases), comprising: (a) a monolithic catalyst having a plurality of aligned passages for effecting laminar flow of the exhaust gases therethrough while; (b) a high temperature resistant chamber assembly for close-coupling the catalyst to the engine having (i) an expansion chamber for substantially dissipating low frequency standing sound waves of said exhaust gases and for modifying high frequency sound waves of said exhaust gases and (ii) manifolding passages at one side of the expansion chamber for collecting and delivering the exhaust gases from the cylinders to the expansion chamber; and (c) means for effecting converging flow from said expansion chamber to and across substantially the full entrance face of said aligned passages, as well as from the catalyst, for effecting attenuation of high frequency sound waves carried by the exhaust gases.

Claims

1. An integral manifold-muffler-catalyst device for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of combustion cylinders generating exhaust gases, comprising:

(a) a monolithic catalyst having a plurality of aligned passages for effecting laminar flow of said exhaust gases therethrough;

(b) a high temperature resistant chamber assembly for close-coupling said catalyst to said engine having (i) an expansion chamber for substantially dissipating low frequency sound waves of said exhaust gases and for modifying high frequency sound waves of said exhaust gases and (ii) manifolding passages at one side of said expansion chamber for collecting and delivering the exhaust gases from said cylinders to the expansion chamber; and

(c) means for effecting converging flow from said expansion chamber to and substantially the full entrance face of said aligned passages and for effecting converging flow from said catalyst, said dual-stage convergence reflecting and attenuating high frequency sound waves carried by said exhaust gases by interference.

2. The device of claim 1, in which said monolithic catalyst is further characterized by a honeycomb construction and the cell density of said honeycomb being 300-600 in².

3. The device of claim 1, in which said laminar flow means flow at a Reynolds number of 2000 or less.

4. The device of claim 1, in which said chamber assembly is dimensionally stable up to at least a temperature of 1625°

F.

5. The device of claim 4, in which the chamber assembly has outer walls comprised of a two-ply shell with insulation sandwiched therebetween.

6. The device as in claim 1, in which said chamber has an expansion volume that is a multiple of at least seven of the volume of one said cylinder to attenuate the low frequency sound waves by about 20 dB(A).

7. The device as in claim 6, in which said low frequency sound waves are standing, characterized by the firing frequency of the engine and its first few harmonics and the resonant frequency of the overall length of the exhaust pipe.

8. The device as in claim 1, in which said means for effecting converging flow is characterized by an included convergence angle in the range of 75°

-105°

.

9. The device as in claim 1, in which said means for effecting converging flow uses at least one of vanes or a diffuser element to assist in attaining uniform flow across the front face and through said catalyst.

10. The device as in claim 1, in which said chamber assembly provides an expansion volume that is 4-12 times the displacement volume of a single cylinder of said engine.

11. The device as in claim 1, in which the front face of said catalyst has an aspect ratio of 1.5 to 2.5:

1.

12. An exhaust pipe system for treating and dispersing exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine carried by a multiple axle vehicle, comprising:

(a) a monolithic catalyst having a plurality of aligned curvilinear passages for effecting laminar flow of said exhaust gases through a shaped path while effecting attenuation of high frequency sound waves carried by said exhaust gases;

(b) a high temperature resistant chamber assembly for close-coupling the catalyst to said engine having an expansion chamber for substantially dissipating standing low frequency sound waves in said exhaust gases and for modifying high frequency sound waves in the exhaust gases, manifolding passages at one side of the expansion chamber for collecting and delivering the exhaust gases from the cylinders to the expansion chamber, and means for effecting converging flow from said expansion chamber to and across substantially the full entrance face of said aligned curvilinear passages; and

(c) a generally horizontally extending tailpipe of uniform reduced diameter for conveying treated exhaust gases from said catalyst for dispersal behind the rear axle, said tailpipe being resiliently suspended except at its connection to said catalyst.

13. The system as in claim 12, in which the entrance and exit faces of said curvilinear passages have an included angle within the range of 10°

-100°

.