Active energy selective x-ray image detection

• US 5,221,843 A
• Filed: 04/23/1992
• Issued: 06/22/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Robert E. Alvarez
• Original Assignee: Robert E. Alvarez
• Inventors: Alvarez, Robert E.
• Primary Examiner(s): FIELDS, CAROLYN
• Application Number:
  US07/872,788
• Time in Patent Office: 425 Days
• Field of Search: 250/327.2, 250/484.1, 250/487.1, 250/486.1, 378/174, 378/162, 378/185
• US Class Current: 250/583
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/043 using fluoroscopic examination, with visual observation or video transmission of fluoroscopic images
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 42/02 using X-rays
• CPC Class Codes: H05G 1/26 Measuring, controlling or protecting measuring X-ray radiation G01T

Abstract

An apparatus and method for energy selective x-ray image detection. A source produces two fluxes of x-ray radiation with two different energy spectra. The fluxes are sequentially incident on the subject then on two layered planar detectors with control means. Examples of planar detectors are stimulable phosphor screens or intensifying screen/photographic film detectors. Examples of control means are visible light sources or electric generators with stimulable phosphor screens or light valves with intensifying screen/film detectors. A sequencer uses control means to selectively enhance the response of a predetermined detector to corresponding sequential radiation flux. The predetermined response can be chosen to enhance the inherent energy selectivity of the layered detector e.g. the first detector preferentially responds to low energy while the second detector preferentially responds to high energy x-ray photons. Planar detectors are used so that the layered detector fits in a cassette compatible with film cassettes used in medical radiography.

Claims

1. Energy discriminating radiation detector apparatus for selectively recording two sequentially incident fluxes of x-ray radiation, said apparatus comprising:

(a) two planar screen x-ray radiation detectors arranged parallel to each other,

(b) controller means for controlling the response of said detectors,

(c) sequencer means for synchronizing the controlled response of said detectors with said sequentially incident fluxes of x-ray radiation,

wherein detector response of each of said detectors to a predetermined energy spectrum is selectively enhanced.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said planar screen x-ray radiation detectors comprise storage phosphor screen detectors.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said means for controlling the response of said storage phosphor screen x-ray radiation detector comprises a controlled light source and optical chamber means to distribute light from said controlled light source over one of said storage phosphor screen detectors.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said means for controlling the response of each of said storage phosphor screen detectors comprises a controlled electrical generator connected to electrically conducting electrode means for producing electric fields in the storage phosphor screen.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said planar screen detectors comprise film and intensifying screen x-ray radiation image detectors and said means for controlling the response of each of said detectors comprise light valve means interleaved between detector film and intensifying screen for controlling the amount of light energy from said intensifying screen reaching said detector film.

6. An imaging method comprising the steps of:

(a) directing two fluxes of x-ray radiation sequentially through an object to be imaged, said fluxes having different energy spectra;

(b) detecting x-ray radiation emergent from said object by a radiation detector comprising;

two planar screen detectors arranged parallel to each other, means for controlling the response of said detector, sequencer means for synchronizing the controlled response of said planar screen detectors with said x-ray radiation emergent from said object;

(c) controlling the response of said planar screen detectors so the response of a predetermined planar screen detector to each of the fluxes of x-ray radiation is selectively enhanced;

(d) reading data from said planar screen detectors; and

,

(e) processing said data to produce a representation of the internal structure of said object.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said planar screen detectors comprise storage phosphor screen detectors.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said means for controlling the response of said storage phosphor screen x-ray radiation detectors comprises a controlled light source and optical chamber means to distribute light from said controlled light source over one of said storage phosphor screen detectors.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein said planar screen detectors comprise film and intensifying screen x-ray radiation image detectors and said means for controlling the response of each of said detectors comprise light valve means interleaved between detector film and intensifying screen for controlling the amount of light energy from said intensifying screen reaching said detector film.

10. The method of claim 7 wherein:

(a) said means for controlling the response of said storage phosphor screen detectors comprises means for substantially erasing the information stored on the storage phosphor screen detector closest to said object;

(b) said controlled response comprises erasing the information from the first of said fluxes of x-ray radiation from the detector closest to said object;

(c) the first of said two fluxes of x-ray radiation has a higher average energy than the second of said two fluxes; and

,

(d) x-ray absorption of said detector closest to said object is substantially lower at the average energy of first of said two fluxes than at the average energy of second of said two fluxes.

11. The method of claim 7 wherein:

(a) said means for controlling the response of said storage phosphor screen detectors comprises means for substantially erasing the information stored on the storage phosphor screen detector farthest from said object;

(b) said controlled response comprises erasing the information from the first of said fluxes of x-ray radiation from the detector farthest from said object;

(c) the first of said two fluxes of x-ray radiation has a higher average energy than the second of said two fluxes; and

,

(d) x-ray absorption of said detector farthest from said object is substantially lower at the average energy of first of said two fluxes than at the average energy of second of said two fluxes.

12. The method of claim 7 wherein said means for controlling the response of said storage phosphor screen detector comprises controlled electrical generators connected to electrically conducting electrode means for producing electric fields in said storage phosphor screen detectors.