Method and apparatus for measuring visual function

• US 5,223,865 A
• Filed: 04/26/1991
• Issued: 06/29/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nidek Incorporated (Nidek Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Nidek Company Limited
• Inventors: Kawasaki, Kazuo, Shirao, Yutaka, Mizuno, Toshiaki, Yoshimura, Kazuhiro, Murakami, Yasuhisa
• Primary Examiner(s): Bovernick, Rodney B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dang, Hung Xuan
• Application Number:
  US07/691,896
• Time in Patent Office: 795 Days
• Field of Search: 351/239, 351/240, 351/241, 351/243, 351/246
• US Class Current: 351/243
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 3/02 Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 3/06 for testing light sensitivity, e.g. adaptation; for testing colour vision

Abstract

The inventive method and apparatus are based on the display of a striped target with constantly accurate contrast to the patient for finding a visual function disturbance associated with such eye diseases as glaucoma or diabetic repinopathy at their earlier stage. A sight target of striped pattern is formed on the screen having a uniform brightness, the striped target is oscillated in the direction orthogonal to the striped pattern while varying the contrast of striped target and showing it to the patient, and the threshold of the pattern contrast which can be recognized visually by the patient is measured.

Claims

1. An apparatus for measuring a visual function by measuring a threshold of contrast of a striped target whose swing can be recognized visually by a person under examination, said apparatus comprising:

a screen having a virtually uniform brightness;

striped target forming means for forming the striped target on said screen;

contrast varying means for varying a contrast of the striped target; and

striped target oscillating means for oscillating the striped target without inducing movement of an eye of the person under examination in a direction virtually orthogonal to a stripe pattern on the striped target.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said screen has a hemispherical shape.

3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said contrast varying means varies a quantity of light which is projected by a first light source on to said screen.

4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said striped target forming means comprises:

a light source;

a transparent grating having light transmissive sections which transmit light from said light source and light interruptive sections which interrupt the light from said light source, with said light transmissive sections and light interruptive sections being arranged in stripes; and

means for delivering the light, which has passed through said transparent grating, to said screen.

5. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said contrast varying means comprises a filter or combination of filters which varies transmittance of the light emitted by said light source.

6. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said striped target oscillating means comprises an oscillation mechanism which is linked to said transparent grating and adapted to oscillate said grating in the direction virtually orthogonal to the stripe pattern.

7. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the oscillation of the striped target has an amplitude which is about a half of the stripe pattern.

8. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of oscillation of the striped target is 4 Hz for a distance of 300 mm between the striped target projected on said screen and the eye of the person to be measured.

9. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising:

control means for controlling variation of contrast and oscillation of the striped target; and

an interface between said control means and the person under examination,

said control means varying the contrast of stripe pattern in a state of halted oscillation of the striped target or in a state of oscillation of the striped target depending on a first signal received through said interface indicative of whether or not the person under examination has recognized visually the contrast of striped target.

10. An apparatus according to claim 9 further comprising means of determining a threshold of the contrast of striped target which can be recognized visually by the person under examination based on said first signal and variation of contrast.

11. An apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising means for outputting the determined threshold.

12. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising calibrating means for calibrating the contrast of the striped target formed on said screen.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said calibrating means for producing a second signal which represents a quantity of light on said screen;

and

means for adjusting the light output of at least one of said screen and a light source in response to said second signal.

14. An apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a light detection means is disposed at virtually a center of said screen where the striped target is formed and is used as a fixation target.

15. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said light detection means has a light input window which is smaller in width than widths of bright sections and dark sections of the striped target and operates to detect quantities of light at the bright sections and dark sections when each section comes to cover said light input window by the oscillation of the striped target.

16. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising means of varying direction of the stripe pattern of the striped target.

17. A method of measuring a visual function by measuring a threshold of a contrast of a striped target whose swing can be recognized visually by a person under examination, said method comprising the steps of:

maintaining a virtually uniform brightness of a screen;

forming the striped target on said screen;

varying a contrast of the striped target;

oscillating the striped target without inducing movement of an eye of the person under examination in a direction virtually orthogonal to a stripe pattern of the striped target;

letting the person under examination recognize visually the striped target; and

evaluating the threshold of contrast of the striped target based on a response of visual recognition made by the person.

18. A method according to claim 17 further comprising a step of varying a direction of the stripe pattern of the striped target.

19. An apparatus for measuring a visual function by measuring a threshold of a contrast of a striped target whose swing is recognized visually by a person under examination, said apparatus comprising:

a screen having a virtually uniform brightness;

means for forming the striped target on said screen;

means for varying the contrast of the striped target; and

means for oscillating the striped target with a speed which an eye of the person under examination follows in a direction virtually orthogonal to a stripe pattern of the striped target.

20. An apparatus for measuring a visual function by measuring a threshold of a contrast of a striped target whose swing is recognized visually by a person under examination, said apparatus comprising:

a screen having a virtually uniform brightness;

means for forming the striped target on said screen;

means for varying the contrast of the striped target; and

means for oscillating the striped target with a frequency which an eye of the person under examination follows in a direction virtually orthogonal to a stripe pattern of the striped target.