Shaft bearing wear detector

• US 5,224,835 A
• Filed: 09/02/1992
• Issued: 07/06/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Viking Pump, Inc. (RELX PLC)
• Original Assignee: Viking Pump, Inc. (RELX PLC)
• Inventors: Oltman, Rick C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bertsch, Richard A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Scheuermann, David W.
• Application Number:
  US07/939,922
• Time in Patent Office: 307 Days
• Field of Search: 417/12, 417/32, 417/44, 417/53, 417/63, 417/420, 73/660, 340/683
• US Class Current: 417/12
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 13/024 a magnetic coupling
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 15/0088 Testing machines
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 29/043 Shafts
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 1/003 of rotating machines G01H1/10 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 13/028 Acoustic or vibration analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 13/045 Acoustic or vibration analysis

Abstract

An apparatus and method for detecting shaft misalignment wherein a sensor is employed to detect contactings between a non-concentrically rotating component and a surface and to generate an electrical signal corresponding thereto, and wherein a signal processing circuit coupled to the sensor is configured to determine whether the signal received from the sensor is characteristic of a signal that is expected whenever a rotating component contacts the surface, and if so, whether the number of signals received exceeds the minimum number expected within a predetermined time interval on the occasion of contact between a rotating component and the surface.

Claims

1. An apparatus for detecting non-concentric rotation of a rotating component, comprising:

a surface operatively positioned to be contacted by an end of the part should it rotate non-concentrically;

a sensor operatively mounted on the surface to detect vibrations induced in the surface, including vibrations produced by contact between the rotating component end and the surface, and to generate a vibration signal; and

an electrical circuit operatively coupled to the sensor and configured to process the vibration signal generated by the sensor, the electrical circuit determining if a number of signals of sufficient strength so as to represent possible impingement upon the surface by the rotating component occur within a predetermined time frame.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the surface is a can-shaped member.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a piezo-electric accelerometer.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical circuit contains means for setting a sensitivity level such that only signals of sufficient magnitude so as to warrant the inference of contact between the surface and the rotating component are counted.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotating component is a shaft end.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotating component is a driver field in a magnetic pump.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical circuit further comprises a comparator and a wave shaper operatively positioned and coupled to convert the filtered vibration signal into a square wave pulse upon the occasion of the filtered vibration signal having reached sufficient magnitude to warrant the inference of impingement upon the surface by the rotating component.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the comparator is operatively coupled to a voltage divider circuit and to the filtered vibration signal so as to compare the relative amplitude of the voltage from the voltage divider and the peak voltage of the vibrational signal, and exhibit a positive non-zero output only when the peak voltage of the vibrational signal exceeds the voltage level input to the comparator by the voltage divider circuit.

9. The further apparatus of claim 7, wherein the output of the comparator is operatively configured to allow output voltage levels only between ground (zero) and positive supply in order to simulate at the output of the comparator, an analog device, a signal acceptable to the following stage of the circuit, a CMOS digital device.

10. The further apparatus of claim 7, wherein the wave shaper is a non-retriggerable monostable multivibrator, a CMOS device, operatively configured to output a 10 ms square wave pulse upon receipt from the comparator of a voltage signal exceeding that voltage level considered to represent a logical true to a CMOS logic gate.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical circuit further includes a digital counter with a reset input and operatively coupled to count the digital pulses.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the electrical circuit further comprises a timer having an output operatively coupled to the reset input of the digital counter such that the count of the digital counter is reset to zero at periodic intervals.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical circuit includes a latch circuit coupled to the digital counter whose output is latched into a digital ON state whenever a sufficient number of digital pulses are counted within the periodic interval of the reset timer.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the electrical circuit further includes a relay driver and relay mechanism operatively coupled to the latch circuit output.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the electrical circuit further includes a visual indicator operatively coupled to the relay driver so as to be energized whenever the relay driver is energized.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical circuit contains a filter operatively coupled to filter out unwanted signal components in the vibration signal, thereby generating a filtered vibration signal.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the filter is a band-pass filter that filters out signal components not associated with one or more fundamental vibrational frequencies of a pump element and/or harmonics of one or more of the fundamental vibrational frequencies of a pump element thereby generating a filtered vibration signal.

18. An apparatus for detecting non-concentric rotation of a magnetic driver shaft or a magnetically driven shaft which are isolated from each other by means of a containment canister shaft, comprising:

a sensor mounted to detect vibrations in the canister, including vibrations produced by contact between one or both shafts and a surface of the canister, and to produce a vibration signal; and

an electrical circuit operatively coupled to the sensor and configured to process the vibration signal produced by the sensor, the electrical circuit determining if a number of signal pulses of a type characteristic of those expected when the containment canister has been impinged upon by a rotating pump component have been detected within a predetermined time frame.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the sensor is mounted directly on the containment canister.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the sensor is a piezo-electric accelerometer.

21. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the electrical circuit includes means for setting a sensitivity level such that only input signal pulses representing vibration levels of the canister on the order of those which are to be expected whenever the canister is struck by a rotating component part are counted.

22. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the electrical circuit includes a filter operatively coupled to filter out unwanted signal components in the vibration signal, thereby generating a filtered vibration signal.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the filter is a band-pass filter that filters out signal components that are:

not associated with one or more fundamental vibrational frequencies of the canister;

or

not associated with harmonics of one or more fundamental vibrational frequencies of the canister.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the electrical circuit further comprises a wave shaper operatively positioned and coupled to convert the filtered vibration signal from an analog signal into a digital square wave pulse signal produced whenever the analog signal magnitude exceeds a level associated with vibrational levels of the canister expected whenever the rotating component impinges upon the canister.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the electrical circuit further includes a digital counter with a reset input and operatively coupled to count the digital pulses.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the electrical circuit further comprises a timer having an output operatively coupled to the reset input of the digital counter such that the count of the digital counter is reset to zero at periodic intervals.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the electrical circuit includes a latch circuit coupled to the digital counter whose output is latched into a digital ON state whenever a sufficient number of digital pulses are counted within the periodic interval of the reset timer.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the electrical circuit further includes a relay driver and relay mechanism coupled to the output of the latch circuit.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the electrical circuit further includes a visual indicator operatively coupled to the relay driver so as to be energized whenever the relay driver is energized.

30. In a magnetic drive pump having a magnetically driven shaft isolated from a magnetic driving field by means of a containment canister, the improvement comprising:

a sensor operatively mechanically coupled to an exterior surface of the containment canister to detect vibrations induced in the canister, including vibrations produced by contact between the driven or driver shaft end and an interior or exterior surface of the canister, and to produce a vibration signal; and

an electrical circuit operatively coupled to the sensor and configured to process the vibration signal produced by the sensor, the circuit determining if an excessive number of signal pulses representing vibration levels of the canister on the order of those expected whenever the canister is struck by a rotating component occur within a predetermined time frame.

31. The magnetic drive pump of claim 30, wherein the sensor is mounted directly on the canister.

32. The magnetic drive pump of claim 30, wherein the sensor is a piezo-electric accelerometer.

33. The magnetic drive pump of claim 30 wherein the electrical circuit includes means for setting a sensitivity level such that only signals equal to or greater than a level expected whenever a rotating pump component impinges upon the surface of the containment canister are counted.

34. The magnetic drive pump of claim 30, wherein the electrical circuit includes a filter operatively coupled to filter out unwanted signal components in the vibration signal, thereby generating a filtered vibration signal.

35. The magnetic drive pump of claim 30, wherein the filter is a band-pass filter that filters out signal components that are:

not associated with one or more fundamental vibrational frequencies of the canister;

or

not associated with harmonics of one or more fundamental vibrational frequencies of the canister.

36. The magnetic drive pump of claim 30, wherein the electrical circuit further is comprised of a wave shaper operatively positioned and coupled to convert the filtered vibration signal from an analog signal into a digital square wave pulse signal produced whenever the analog signal magnitude exceeds a level associated with vibrational levels of the canister expected whenever a rotating pump component impinges upon the canister.

37. The magnetic drive pump of claim 36, wherein the electrical circuit further includes a digital counter with a reset input and operatively coupled to count the digital pulses.

38. The magnetic drive pump of claim 37, wherein the electrical circuit further comprises a timer having an output operatively coupled to the reset input of the digital counter such that the count of the digital counter is reset to zero at periodic intervals.

39. The magnetic drive pump of claim 38, wherein the electrical circuit includes a latch circuit coupled to the digital counter and whose output is latched into a digital ON state whenever a sufficient number of digital pulses are counted within the periodic interval of the reset timer.

40. The magnetic drive pump of claim 39, wherein the electrical circuit further includes a relay driver and relay mechanism operatively coupled to the latch circuit output.

41. The magnetic drive pump of claim 40, wherein the electrical circuit further includes a visual indicator operatively coupled to the relay driver so as to be energized whenever the relay driver is energized.

42. A process for detecting non-concentric rotation of a shaft in a magnetic drive pump, the magnetic pump having a magnetically driven shaft isolated from a magnetic driving field by means of a containment canister isolating the driven shaft from the driving field, the process comprising the steps of:

sensing vibrations in the containment canister;

producing an electrical vibration signal relating thereto; and

processing the electrical signal to determine if an excessive number of signals representing vibrational levels of the canister of sufficient magnitude to warrant an inference of impingement of a rotating component upon the surface of the canister are detected within a predetermined time interval.

43. The process of claim 42, wherein the vibrations in the containment canister are sensed by means of a piezo-electric accelerometer.

44. The process of claim 42, comprising the step of setting a sensitivity level such that only signals characteristic of those to be expected whenever the rotating component strikes a surface of the containment canister are counted.

45. The process of claim 42, comprising the step of filtering out unwanted signal components in the vibration signal, thereby generating a filtered vibration signal.

46. The process of claim 45, comprised of the step of band-pass filtering the vibration signal so as to remove frequency components that are:

not associated with one or more fundamental vibrational frequencies of the canister;

or

not associated with harmonics of one or more fundamental vibrational frequencies of the canister.

47. The process of claim 45, comprised of the step of wave shaping the filtered and rectified analog vibration signal into a digital square wave pulse signal.

48. The process of claim 47, comprising the step of counting the digital pulses with a digital counter.

49. The process of claim 48, comprising the step of resetting the count of the digital counter is reset to zero at periodic intervals.

50. The process of claim 49, comprising the step of setting a latch circuit into a digital ON state whenever a sufficient number of digital pulses are counted within a periodic interval of the reset timer.

51. The process of claim 50, comprising the step of energizing a relay driver with the latch circuit.