Apparatus for projection of three-dimensional images

• US 5,225,861 A
• Filed: 01/18/1991
• Issued: 07/06/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 01/18/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Mortimer Marks
• Original Assignee: Mortimer Marks
• Inventors: Marks, Mortimer
• Primary Examiner(s): Cuchlinski, Jr., William A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dowling, William C.
• Application Number:
  US07/643,550
• Time in Patent Office: 900 Days
• Field of Search: 353/7, 353/8, 353/9, 353/10, 350/130, 350/131, 350/133, 350/138, 350/139, 350/137, 358/3, 358/88, 352/61, 352/60, 352/57, 359/471, 359/472, 359/473, 359/475, 359/462, 359/464
• US Class Current: 353/7
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 35/24 using apertured or refractive resolving means on screens or between screen and eye
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/31 using parallax barriers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/339 using spatial multiplexing H04N13/337 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/346 using prisms or semi-transparent mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/363 using image projection screens volumetric display H04N13/388

Abstract

An apparatus for presentation of apparent three-dimensional images without special viewing glasses is disclosed. A projection system projects right and left stereo images from a stereoscopic slide so that the right stereo image and the left stereo image become superimposed relative to one another on a viewing screen. The viewing screen comprises light transmissive slit-raster members and a light diffusion member. The viewing screen is adapted to allow the right and left stereo images to pass between the opaque raster members and be perceived only by the right and left eyes, respectively, of the viewer as the left image formed in a raster-like manner on the diffusion member is blocked by further opaque raster members and prevented from being perceived by the right eye and the right stereo image also formed in a raster-like manner on the diffusion member is blocked by the further opaque raster members and prevented from being perceived by the left eye. Thus, the right eye sees only the right stereo image and the left eye sees only the left stereo image thereby replicating the binocular human vision as the brain interprets the two points of view observed by the right and left eyes as a three-dimensional image.

Claims

1. An apparatus for the presentation of apparent three-dimension images comprising:

a) illumination means for producing a steroscopic image having two component images;

b) a projector lens for focusing said stereoscopic image;

c) image processing means for separating said stereoscopic image into said two component images of said stereoscopic image and directing said two component images to arrive at a predetermined target area, said image processing means, comprising;

(i) a beam splitting cube for receiving the output of said projector lens;

(ii) a first prism for receiving light passed by said beamsplitting cube and reflecting it in a different direction;

(iii) a second prism for receiving light from said first prism and reflecting it in a first direction; and

(iv) a third prism for receiving light reflected by said beamsplitting cube and reflecting it generally in said first direction; and

d) a viewing screen positioned at said predetermined target area comprising;

(i) a projection-side screening means for selectively blocking portions of said two component images;

(ii) a diffusion member having a diffusion surface for displaying the portions of said two component images passing through said projection-side screening means said projection-side screening means being positioned between said diffusion member and said image processing means; and

(iii) a viewer-side screening means positioned on a side of said diffusion member opposite said projection side screening means for presenting the displayed portions of said two component images to a binocular viewer such that one eye of said binocular viewer will perceive substantially only the displayed portion of one of said two component images and the other eye of said binocular viewer will perceive substantially only the displayed portion of the other of said two component images.

2. Apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said second and third prisms are mounted for rotation and may have their positions varied to achieve horizontal and vertical coincidence of projected component images.

3. An apparatus for the presentation of apparent three-dimensional images as claimed in claim 1, wherein said image processing means separates said component images by a distance in the range of 60 to 75 mm for a 900 to 1600 mm convergent path to the target area.

4. A apparatus for the presentation of apparent three-dimensional images as claimed in claim 1, wherein said projection-side screening means and said viewer side screening means comprise opaque vertical stripes with intervening optically transparent slits on an optically transparent substrate.

5. An apparatus for the presentation of apparent three-dimensional images as claimed in claim 4, wherein said vertical stripes are between two and three times the width of said slits.

6. An apparatus for the presentation of apparent three-dimensional images as claimed in claim 5, wherein said vertical stripes are approximately 2.2 times the width of said slits.

7. An apparatus for the presentation of apparent three-dimensional images as claimed in claim 5, wherein said vertical stripes number at least 75 lines per inch.

8. An apparatus for the presentation of apparent three-dimensional images as claimed in claim 7, wherein said vertical stripes number approximately 300 lines per inch.

9. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said image processing means further comprises:

v) a first achromatic wedge for horizontal adjustment of the light passing from said second prism; and

vi) a second achromatic wedge for vertical adjustment of the light passing from said third prism.

10. An apparatus as in claim 9, wherein said first achromatic wedge and said second achromatic wedge are both four and one half degree wedges.

11. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the light of the two separated component images travels less than 300 mm to said viewing screen and the component images are separated by less than 60 mm allowing reduction in size of said apparatus.

12. An apparatus for the presentation of apparent three-dimensioned images comprising:

a) an image projector;

b) image separation means configured, dimensioned and positioned to separate a stereoscopic image from said projector into the two component images of said stereoscopic image, said image separation means, comprising;

i) a beam splitting cube;

ii) a first prism for receiving light passed by said beamsplitting cube and reflecting it upwardly;

iii) a second prism for receiving light from said first prism and reflecting it in a first direction;

iv) a third prism for receiving light reflected by said beamsplitting cube and reflecting it generally in said first direction;

c) an image director means configured, dimensioned and positioned to cause said two component images to converge at a predetermined convergence site; and

d) a viewing screen, positioned at said predetermined convergence site, said viewing screen comprising;

i) a diffusion member having a diffusion surface for displaying the converged component images;

ii) a projection-side, slit-raster member configured, dimensioned and positioned to cause the two component images to form vertical raster-like images on said diffusion surface; and

iii) a viewer-side, slit-raster member configured, dimensioned and positioned such that a binocular viewer may perceive substantially only one of said two component images with one eye and substantially only the other of said two component images with the other eye.

13. An apparatus for the presentation of apparent three-dimensional images comprising:

a) illumination means for presenting a stereoscopic image having two component images;

b) a projector lens for focusing said stereoscopic image;

c) image processing means for separating said stereoscopic image into said two component images of said stereoscopic image and directing said two component images along respective optical paths to arrive at a predetermined target area;

said image processing means comprising;

i) a totally internally reflecting prism positioned to reflect one of said two component images;

ii) an adjustable mirror to receive the reflected one of said two component images and reflect said one of said two component images towards said predetermined target area;

iii) a first achromatic prism to correct the final optical path length and direction for said one of said two component images;

iv) a second achromatic prism to correct the final optical path direction for the second of said two component images; and

d) a viewing screen positioned at said predetermined target area comprising;

i) a projection-side masking means for selectively blocking portions of said two component images;

ii) a diffusion member having a diffusion surface for displaying the portions of said two component images passing through said projection-side masking means; and

iii) a viewer-side masking means for presenting the displayed portions of said two component images to a binocular viewer such that one eye of said binocular viewer will perceive substantially only the displayed portion of one of said two component images and the other eye of said binocular viewer will perceive substantially only the displayed portion of the other of said two component images.

14. Apparatus as in claim 13, wherein said first achromatic prism adjusts the projection of said one of said two component images to match the vertical placement of said second of said two component images at said target area.

15. Apparatus as in claim 13, wherein said adjustable mirror and said second achromatic prism adjust said first and said second of said two component images, respectively, to match the horizontal placement of said first and said second of said two component images at said target area.

16. Apparatus as in claim 13, wherein said adjustable mirror and said second achromatic prism are spacially separated by a distance of 60 to 75 mm.

17. Apparatus as in claim 16, wherein said adjustable mirror and said second achromatic prism are situated 900 to 1600 mm from said target area.