Silver-chloride reference electrode

• US 5,230,786 A
• Filed: 04/26/1991
• Issued: 07/27/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 05/02/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Pacesetter AB
• Original Assignee: Siemens AG
• Inventors: Preidel, Walter
• Primary Examiner(s): Niebling, John
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bell, Bruce F.
• Application Number:
  US07/691,705
• Time in Patent Office: 823 Days
• Field of Search: 29/825, 204/435
• US Class Current: 204/435
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/056 Transvascular endocardial electrode systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36557 controlled by chemical substances in blood
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/301 Reference electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49117 Conductor or circuit manufacturing

Abstract

In the case of a reference electrode with a layer of silver chloride situated on a silver layer, the amount of silver ordinarily released while in use can be significantly reduced by providing the silver-chloride layer with a layer of water absorbing, ionically conductive material which projects out over the surface of the silver-chloride layer.

Claims

1. A reference electrode consisting of a silver layer, a layer of silver chloride situated on said silver layer, and a layer of water absorbing, ionically conductive material situated on said silver chloride layer and projecting out over the silver chloride layer, said material being selected from the group consisting of polyurethane and poly(perfluoroalkylene)-sulphonic acid, wherein the acid groups are neutralized.

2. The reference electrode according to claim 1, wherein the layer of water absorbing, ionically conductive material is poly(perfluoroalkylene)-sulphonic acid which is provided with an insulating film of a polymer which is body compatible, wherein the polymer film does not completely cover the layer of poly(perfluoroalkylene)-sulphonic acid.

3. The reference electrode according to claim 2, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of epoxy resin, polyurethane and polyorganosiloxane.

4. A method for manufacturing a reference electrode comprising the steps of anodically converting a surface of a silver layer into a silver chloride layer, applying a solution of a water absorbing, ionically conductive material in a solvent to the silver chloride layer, said material being selected from the group consisting of polyurethane and poly(perfluoroalkylene)-sulphonic acid, and removing the solvent to leave a layer of the water absorbing, ionically conductive material.

5. The method according to claim 4 wherein the water absorbing, ionically conductive material is poly(perfluoroalkylene)-sulphonic acid, further comprising the steps of neutralizing the poly(perfluoroalkylene)-sulphonic acid, applying a solution of a film-forming polymer in a second solvent to the layer of the poly(perfluoroalkylene)-sulphonic acid, said film forming polymer being body compatible, and removing the second solvent.

6. The method according to claim 4 wherein the silver chloride layer is roughened.

7. The method according to claim 5 wherein the silver chloride layer is roughened.