Gravity assisted collection device

• US 5,230,864 A
• Filed: 04/10/1991
• Issued: 07/27/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Clinical Diagnostic Systems Inc.
• Original Assignee: Eastman Kodak Company
• Inventors: Columbus, Richard L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Housel, James C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ludlow, Jan M.
• Application Number:
  US07/683,385
• Time in Patent Office: 839 Days
• Field of Search: 422/61, 422/58, 422/72-73, 422/100, 422/102, 128/760, 128/763-767, 73/864-864.02, 73/864.11, 436/63
• US Class Current: 422/520
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150022 for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150213 Venting means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150343 Collection vessels for collecting blood samples from the skin surface, e.g. test tubes, cuvettes sampling from within body cavities A61B5/150015, A61B5/150045
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150351 Caps, stoppers or lids for sealing or closing a blood collection vessel or container, e.g. a test-tube or syringe barrel caps for bottles or containers in general B65D41/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150786 Optical identification systems, e.g. bar codes, colour codes
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0605 Metering of fluids
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0406 capillary forces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0409 centrifugal forces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0457 passive flow or gravitation
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0694 vents used to stop and induce flow, backpressure valves
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5021 Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes centrifuges B04B5/04
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502723 characterised by venting arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50273 characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids micropumps F04B19/006, of the membrane type F04B43/043

Abstract

A device and method constructed to collect a liquid into a device so that the liquid is first drawn in to an intermediate point by capillary attraction only, and then from that intermediate point further by gravity. The device features two apertured portions connected at the intermediate point so as to be angled to each other. The first portion provides the capillary attraction through its aperture by preferably oppositely disposed surfaces spaced a distance no greater than that which will maintain capillary flow into that portion through the aperture; The second portion provides gravity flow further into the device from the intermediate point by a spacing of the opposed surfaces a distance effective to allow gravity to passively overcome any surface attraction caused by the opposed surfaces, and the inclination of that portion to drop below the horizontal plane extending from the intermediate point. The aperture provided in the second portion acts as a vent and a non-sealing cover is seated over the aperture in the first portion after liquid collection to permit centrifugation and pipetting through the vent.

Claims

1. A liquid collection device comprising means defining a chamber, an inlet aperture to said chamber, and a vent aperture out of said chamber.

said chamber comprising first and second portions angled with respect to each other at a junction, with one of said apertures being in each portion, said first chamber portion including said inlet aperture and comprising means for drawing in liquid at said inlet aperture by capillary attraction only, and said second chamber portion including said vent aperture and comprising opposed surfaces which are all spaced apart a distance effective to allow gravity to passively overcome any surface attraction caused by said opposed surfaces,

said opposed surfaces of said second chamber portion being joined to said opposed surface of said first chamber portion at said junction between said chamber portions.

whereby gravity can be used to assist capillary flow to fill said device,

and further including a cover for said inlet aperture and means for removably seating said cover over said inlet aperture, said cover and said seating means being constructed to provide air access from the exterior of said cover to said inlet aperture so that said inlet aperture is covered but not sealed when said cover is seated whereby when said cover is seated over said inlet aperture, liquid collected in the second portion can be pipetted through the vent aperture.

7. A device as defined in claim 1 and 2, and further including means in said first chamber portion for controlling the liquid meniscus shape and direction of advance in said first chamber portion.

8. A device as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein said inlet aperture is circular in cross-sectional shape, and said first chamber portion extends from said inlet aperture with generally a wedge-shape.

9. A device as defined in claim 1 or 2, and further including an auxiliary vent passageway extending from an orifice adjacent to said vent passageway in a wall of said device to an auxiliary vent orifice adjacent to said inlet aperture, and wherein said cover when seated seals off said auxiliary orifice.

10. A device as defined in claim 1 or 2, and further including an auxiliary vent passageway extending from an orifice adjacent to said vent passageway in a wall of said device to an auxiliary vent orifice adjacent to said inlet aperture.

11. A device as defined in claim 1 or 2, and further including a supplemental chamber portion containing a coagulator for blood cells, said supplemental chamber portion being connected to said second chamber portion by a passageway.

12. A device as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of said spaced-apart surfaces of said second chamber portion is sufficiently flexible as to allow manual depression of said one surface to forcibly eject any liquid contained in said second

13. A device as defined in claim 1 or 2, and further including means for sealing a pipette tip to said vent aperture for removal of liquid without air leakage into the liquid.

14. A device as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein two of said opposed surfaces are constricted together at a predetermined location in said second chamber portion by an amount and with a shape sufficient to halt flow of liquid past said constricted location by gravity, the spacing of said surfaces at said constricted location being sufficiently large however as to allow flow of liquid therepast upon the influence of centrifugal force.

15. A device as defined in claim 14, wherein said vent aperture is located in said second chamber portion downstream from said constriction location.

16. A device as defined in claim 14, wherein said second chamber has a selected volume, and said vent aperture and said constricted location are predeterminedly located, such that when a predetermined amount of whole blood is drawn into said device up to said constricted location, it can be phase separated by centrifuging with said vent aperture occupying a position providing access to the lighter phase of the separated blood to permit aspiration.

17. A device as defined in claim 14, wherein a portion of one of said opposed surfaces located downstream from said constricted location during liquid flow in the device is sufficiently flexible as to be manually depressible to forcibly eject any liquid upstream of said constricted location.

2. A liquid collection device comprising means defining a chamber, an inlet aperture to said chamber, and a vent aperture out of said chamber,

said chamber comprising first and second portions angled with respect to each other at a junction, with one of said apertures being in each portion, said first chamber portion including said inlet aperture and comprising spaced-apart surfaces of which at least two of them are spaced a first pre-determined distance no greater than that which provides capillary attraction of the liquid through said inlet aperture into said chamber, and said second chamber portion including said vent aperture and comprising opposed surfaces which are all spaced apart a second pre-determined distance effective to allow gravity to passively overcome any surface attraction caused by said opposed surfaces,

said opposed surfaces of said second chamber portion being joined to said opposed surfaces of said first chamber portion at said junction between said chamber portions,

whereby gravity can be used to assist capillary flow to fill said device,

and further including a cover for said inlet aperture and means for removably seating said cover over said inlet aperture, said cover and said seating means being constructed to provide air access from the exterior of said cover to said inlet aperture so that said inlet aperture is covered but not sealed when said cover is seated whereby when said cover is seated over said inlet aperture, liquid collected in the second portion can be pipetted through the vent aperture.

3. A device as defined in claim 2, wherein said first chamber portion comprises a cylindrical tube with an internal diameter that does not exceed said first distance providing capillary attraction, and said second chamber portion comprises a conical tube.

4. A device as defined in claim 2, wherein said first distance of said first chamber portion is no greater than about 0.3 mm and said second distance of said second chamber is no less than about 0.3 mm.

5. A device as defined in claim 4, wherein said first distance of said first chamber portion is between about 0.08 mm and about 0.3 mm.

6. A device as defined in claim 4, wherein said second distance of said second chamber portion is about 0.2 mm at said junction between said portions and increases gradually in spacing as said second chamber portion surfaces extend away from the angle between said chamber portions.