Low resolution target acquisition

• US 5,241,166 A
• Filed: 07/02/1990
• Issued: 08/31/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 07/02/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Omniplanar, Inc. (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: United Parcel Service Of America Incorporated (United Parcel Service Incorporated)
• Inventors: Chandler, Donald G.
• Primary Examiner(s): LaRoche, Eugene R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GLEMBOCKI, CHRISTOPHE
• Application Number:
  US07/547,755
• Time in Patent Office: 1,156 Days
• Field of Search: 235/454, 235/456, 235/487, 235/494, 382/56, 382/11, 382/12, 283/901, 283/93, 380/51
• US Class Current: 235/494
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06037 multi-dimensional coding
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06056 the marking comprising a further embedded marking, e.g. a 1D bar code with the black bars containing a smaller sized coding
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06131 the marking comprising a target pattern, e.g. for indicating the center of the bar code or for helping a bar code reader to properly orient the scanner or to retrieve the bar code inside of an image
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2019/06225 using wavelength selection, e.g. colour code
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2019/06262 with target- or other orientation-indicating feature

Abstract

A label and a process are provided for encoding target acquisition information and data information on an optically readable label at different resolutions. A multiplicity of cells is arranged in a regular pattern wherein each cell in the pattern may have one of at least two different optical properties to permit acquisition information encoding of the cells. Target acquisition information is encoded in the cells at a low resolution by assigning one of the plurality of optical properties to the cells in the pattern. The information-encoded cells are divided into a plurality of subcells. Data information is encoded at a high resolution in the subcells of the information-encoded cells.

Claims

1. In a system for optically reading an optically readable label, a label for storing encoded information comprising a multiplicity of information-encoded cells, comprising:

cells of said multiplicity of cells divided into information-encoded subcells adapted to have at least two differing optical properties wherein a selected information-encoded cell is determined to have a first optical property when a majority of the subcells of said selected information-encoded cell has said first optical property;

a selected minority subcell of said information-encoded cell having a second optical property; and

,

said selected minority subcell being disposed at a position within said selected cell in accordance with information.

2. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said information-encoded cells have one optical property selected from at least two differing optical properties.

3. A system as recited in claim 2, further comprising:

means for assigning a first optical property of said differing optical properties to a first plurality of selected information-encoded cells;

means for assigning a second optical property of said differing optical properties to a second plurality of selected information-encoded cells; and

,

means for arranging said first plurality of selected information-encoded cells and said second plurality of selected information-encoded cells to provide respective contrasting optical properties of an acquisition target for acquiring said label by optical scanning equipment.

4. A system as recited in claim 3, further comprising means for arranging said first and second pluralities of selected information-encoded cells as respective concentric rings of selected information-encoded cells, each ring of said concentric rings being formed of cells having one of said first and second optical properties.

5. A system as recited in claim 2, further comprising:

means for illuminating said label;

low resolution sensing means for optically sensing light reflected from said information-encoded cells and providing electrical signals representative of said reflected light;

means for transmitting said electrical signals;

first means for determining, in accordance with said transmitted electrical signals, that an optically sensed cell has a determined one of said differing optical properties when a majority of subcells of said optically sensed cell has said determined optical property; and

,

means for decoding low resolution information in accordance with a plurality of determinations by said first means for determining.

6. A system as recited in claim 5, wherein said means for decoding low resolution information comprises means for optically acquiring a target in accordance with said decoded low resolution information.

7. A system as recited in claim 5, further comprising:

high resolution sensing means for optically sensing light reflected from said information-encoded subcells and providing electrical signals representative of said reflected light;

means for transmitting said electrical signals;

second means for determining that an optically sensed subcell has one optical property of said differing optical properties in accordance with said transmitted electrical signals; and

,

means for decoding high resolution information in accordance with a plurality of determinations by said second means for determining.

8. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein said low resolution sensing means and said high resolution sensing means comprise electronic signal processing means.

9. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein said means for decoding high resolution information comprises means for determining the location within said optically sensed cell of at least one optically sensed subcell having an optical property differing from said determined cell optical property.

10. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the information of said information-encoded cells comprises acquisition information for optically acquiring said label by optical scanning equipment.

11. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the information of said information-encoded subcells comprises data information.

12. A system as recited in claim 1, further comprising means for affixing said optically readable label to a surface.

13. A system as recited in claim 1, further comprising means for printing said optically readable label on a surface.

14. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said multiplicity of information-encoded cells are arranged contiguously.

15. A process for encoding and decoding information in an optical scanning system having an optically readable label comprising a multiplicity of cells and means for optically sensing said label, comprising the steps of:

(a) encoding a selected cell of said multiplicity of cells at a first low resolution in accordance with first information;

(b) dividing said selected cell into information-encoded subcells wherein each subcell formed thereby is adapted to have at least two differing optical properties; and

,

(c) encoding said subcells at a second high resolution in accordance with second information.

16. A process as noted in claim 15, wherein step (a) comprises the step of assigning a first optical property of said differing optical properties to said selected cell.

17. A process as recited in claim 16, comprising the step of assigning said first optical property to said selected cell in accordance with said first information.

18. A process as recited in claim 17, wherein step (c) comprises the step of assigning said first optical property to at least a majority of said subcells of said selected cell.

19. A process as recited in claim 18, wherein there is provided at least one minority subcell, said minority subcell having a second optical property of said differing optical properties, comprising the further step of disposing said minority subcell at a selected position within said selected cell in accordance with said second information.

20. A process as recited in claim 18, comprising the further steps of:

(g) repeating steps (a)-(d) for the remaining cells in said multiplicity of cells;

(h) illuminating said multiplicity of cells;

(i) optically sensing light reflected from said cells by means of low resolution sensing means and providing electrical signals representative of said reflected light;

(j) transmitting said electrical signals;

(k) determining in accordance with said transmitted electrical signals that an optically sensed cell is assigned a first optical property of said different optical properties when a majority of subcells of said optically sensed cells are assigned said first optical property; and

,

(l) decoding low resolution information in accordance with a plurality of determinations as set forth in (k).

21. A process as recited in claim 20, comprising the further steps of:

(m) optically sensing light reflected from said subcells with high resolution sensing means and providing electrical signals representative of said reflected light;

(n) transmitting said electrical signals;

(o) determining that an optically sensed subcell is assigned one of said differing optical properties in accordance with said transmitted electrical signals; and

,

(p) decoding high resolution information in accordance with a plurality of determinations as set forth in step (o).

22. A process as recited in claim 21, wherein the optical sensing of step (i) and step (m) is performed by the same electric-optic equipment and said high resolution sensing means and said low resolution sensing means comprise electronic signal processing means.

23. A process as recited in claim 15, wherein step (a) comprises the step of encoding acquisition information as said first information in said selected cell for acquiring said label by optical scanning equipment.

24. A process as recited in claim 23, wherein step (c) comprises the step of encoding data information as said second information in said subcells.

25. A process as recited in claim 23, comprising the further steps of:

(d) assigning said first optical property of said differing optical properties to a first plurality of said selected cells;

(e) assigning a second optical property of said differing optical properties to a second plurality of said selected cells; and

,

(f) arranging said first plurality of selected cells and said second plurality of selected cells as an acquisition target for acquiring said label by optical scanning equipment.

26. A process as recited in claim 25, comprising the further step of arranging said first and second pluralities of selected cells as respective first and second concentric rings of cells, each ring of said first and second concentric rings being formed of information-encoded cells having one of said first and second differing optical properties.

27. A process as recited in claim 15, wherein step (b) comprises dividing said information-encoded cells into two-by-two arrays of four information-encoded subcells.

28. A process as recited in claim 15, wherein said cells of said multiplicity of cells are arranged contiguously.

29. A process as recited in claim 15, comprising the further step of affixing said optically readable label to a surface.

30. A process as recited in claim 15, comprising the further step of printing said optically readable label on a surface.

31. A process for decoding electrical signals representing an optically sensed image corresponding to a multiplicity of cells encoded in a predetermined pattern, comprising the steps of:

(a) determining the intensities of said optical properties of said cells;

(b) searching said intensities of said optical properties of step (a) to identify the optical properties of said cells;

(c) dividing said cells into subcells wherein each subcell formed thereby is adapted to have at least two differing optical properties;

(d) determining that a cell is assigned a first optical property when a majority of subcells of said determined cell is assigned said first optical property; and

,

(e) decoding said cells by performing a decoding process which is the inverse of the encoding process for said cells.

32. A process as recited in claim 31, comprising determining acquisition information in accordance with the decoding of step (e).

33. A process as recited in claim 31, comprising further the steps of:

(f) determining the intensities of said optical properties of said subcells;

(g) searching said intensities of said optical properties of step (f) to identify the optical properties of said subcells;

(h) determining that a subcell is assigned a first optical property in accordance with step (g); and

,

(i) decoding said subcells by performing a decoding process which is the inverse of the encoding process for said subcells.

34. A process as recited in claim 33, comprising the further steps of:

(j) determining the location of a minority subcell within a cell; and

,

(k) performing the determination of step (d) in accordance with the determination of step (i).

35. In a system for optically reading an encoded label, a label for storing a multi-resolution pattern comprising a multiplicity of cells, each of said cells having one of at least two differing optical properties detectable at low resolution, each of said cells being divided into a plurality of subcells, each of said subcells formed thereby having one of at least two differing optical properties detectable at high resolution wherein each of said cells is determined to have a first optical property shared by the majority of its respective subcells when scanned at low resolution and a subcell of the minority of its respective subcells having a second optical property is disposed at a position within said cells determined in accordance with information.

36. In a system for optically reading an encoded label, a label for storing a multi-resolution pattern comprised of a multiplicity of low resolution cells, each of said low resolution cells being adapted to be determined at a first optical sampling rate and having one of at least two differing optical properties, each of said low resolution cells having at least four high resolution subcells adapted to be determined at a second optical sampling rate differing from said first optical sampling rate and having one of at least two differing optical properties, wherein each of said low resolution cells is determined to have the optical property shared by the majority of its respective high resolution subcells when said low resolution cells are determined at said first optical sampling rate.

37. A process for encoding an optically readable label comprised of a multi-resolution pattern of cells, each of said cells having one of at least two differing optical properties detectable at low resolution, comprising the steps of:

(a) encoding said cells at low resolution;

(b) dividing each of said cells into a plurality of subcells, each of said subcells formed thereby having one of at least two differing optical properties detectable at high resolution; and

,

(c) encoding said subcells at high resolution by disposing a subcell of a first minority optical property at a position within said cells determined in accordance with information, wherein each of said cells is determined to have the optical property shared by the majority of its respective subcells when scanned at low resolution.

38. A process for decoding electrical signals representing an optically sensed image corresponding to a multiplicity of low resolution cells encoded in a multi-resolution pattern, each cell of said multi-resolution pattern having one of at least two differing optical properties comprising the steps of:

(a) dividing said low resolution cells into a plurality of high resolution subcells wherein each of said high resolution subcells formed thereby has at least two differing optical properties detectable at high resolution;

(b) determining that a low resolution cell is assigned a first optical property when a majority of high resolution subcells of said determined high resolution cell are assigned said first optical property;

(c) decoding said low resolution cells of said multi-resolution pattern by performing a decoding process which is the inverse of the encoding process for said low resolution cells; and

,

(d) decoding said high resolution information in accordance with the position of minority subcells having a second optical property.