Noninvasive, non-occlusive method and apparatus which provides a continuous indication of arterial pressure and a beat-by-beat characterization of the arterial system
First Claim
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1. An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising:
- noninvasive sensor means for providing an output representative of blood flow in a blood carrying artery;
processing circuitry means coupled to the noninvasive sensor means for receiving the output representative of blood flow and providing a processed output;
resonant frequency identification circuitry means coupled to the processing circuitry means for receiving the processed output, calculating a time-varying resonant frequency of the artery and providing a resonant frequency output; and
output means coupled to the resonant frequency identification circuitry means for providing an output representative of blood pressure in the artery based upon the resonant frequency output.
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Abstract
A noninvasive arterial pressure monitor provides calibrated, continuous pressure waveform and beat-by-beat pressure values with no occlusion of an artery during an extended monitoring period. Noninvasive doppler sensors are secured over a major artery. Signals from the sensors are used to mathematically characterize the artery. The time-varying arterial resonant frequency is correlated to blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. Doppler sensors provide bi-directional flow velocity waveforms from which arterial resonant frequency may be calculated. A calibration cuff is used infrequently to calibrate the system to units of pressure.
178 Citations
68 Claims
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1. An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising:
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noninvasive sensor means for providing an output representative of blood flow in a blood carrying artery; processing circuitry means coupled to the noninvasive sensor means for receiving the output representative of blood flow and providing a processed output; resonant frequency identification circuitry means coupled to the processing circuitry means for receiving the processed output, calculating a time-varying resonant frequency of the artery and providing a resonant frequency output; and output means coupled to the resonant frequency identification circuitry means for providing an output representative of blood pressure in the artery based upon the resonant frequency output. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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4. The apparatus of claim wherein the noninvasive sensor means comprises a plurality of doppler sensors.
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10. An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising:
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noninvasive blood velocity sensor means for sensing blood flow velocity in an artery; means, coupled to the noninvasive blood velocity sensor means, for providing an output representative of a resonant frequency of the artery; a resonant frequency to blood pressure conversion circuit means, coupled to the means for providing an output representative of a resonant frequency of the artery, for converting a resonant frequency of the artery to a blood pressure output; and display means, coupled to the resonant frequency to blood pressure conversion circuit means, for displaying an output representative of blood pressure in the artery. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising:
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means for measuring an arterial parameter which correlates to arterial resonant frequency; means, coupled to the means for measuring an arterial parameter, for calculating blood pressure in the artery based upon arterial resonant frequency; and output means, coupled to the means for calculating blood pressure, for providing an output representative of blood pressure. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A method of testing a blood vessel system, comprising:
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deriving from a blood vessel a first signal from which a time-varying resonant frequency is derived; processing the first signal to produce a second signal representative of the time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system; and providing a test output based upon the second signal representative of the time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31)
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32. A method of measuring blood pressure comprising:
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noninvasively deriving from an artery a signal from which time-varying arterial resonant frequency is derived; processing the signal to produce a waveform representative of time-varying arterial resonant frequency; and providing a blood pressure output based upon the waveform. - View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35)
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36. A method of blood pressure measurement comprising:
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measuring blood flow velocity through an artery; deriving from the blood flow velocity an arterial resonant frequency waveform; and providing a blood pressure output based upon the waveform. - View Dependent Claims (37, 38)
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39. A method of measuring blood pressure comprising:
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sensing blood flow velocity in an artery with a first noninvasive sensor; sensing blood flow velocity in the artery with a second noninvasive sensor positioned distally along the artery with respect to the first noninvasive sensor; deriving from the blood flow velocities sensed by the first and second noninvasive sensors a time-varying arterial resonant frequency waveform; and providing blood pressure output derived from the waveform. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41)
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42. An apparatus for testing a blood vessel system comprising:
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a sensor means for coupling to a blood vessel system and providing a sensor output; means for processing the sensor output to produce a resonant frequency signal representative of a time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system; and means for providing a test output representative of time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system. - View Dependent Claims (43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57)
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58. An apparatus for measuring blood pressure, comprising:
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a noninvasive sensor means for deriving an arterial signal from which time-varying arterial resonant frequency is derived; signal processing means for receiving the arterial signal and producing an resonant frequency output representative of arterial time-varying resonant frequency; and means for providing a blood pressure output based upon the resonant frequency output. - View Dependent Claims (59, 60, 61)
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62. An apparatus for measuring blood pressure, comprising:
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means for measuring blood flow velocity through an artery; means for deriving from the blood flow velocity an arterial resonant frequency waveform; and output means for providing a blood pressure output based upon the waveform. - View Dependent Claims (63, 64)
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65. An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising:
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a first noninvasive sensor means for sensing blood flow velocity in an artery; a second noninvasive sensor means for sensing blood flow velocity in an artery; means for deriving from the blood flow velocities sensed by the first and second noninvasive sensor means a time-varying arterial resonant frequency waveform; and output means for providing a blood pressure output derived from the waveform. - View Dependent Claims (66, 67, 68)
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Specification