System for evoking electroencephalogram signals

• US 5,241,967 A
• Filed: 06/10/1991
• Issued: 09/07/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Pioneer Electronics (USA) Incorporated (Pioneer Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Pioneer Electronics (USA) Incorporated (Pioneer Corporation)
• Inventors: Saito, Yoshio, Yasushi, Mitsuo
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): LACYK, JOHN P
• Application Number:
  US07/712,999
• Time in Patent Office: 820 Days
• Field of Search: 128/731, 128/732, 128/739, 128/745, 128/746, 128/905, 600/26-28
• US Class Current: 600/545
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/375 using biofeedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/378 Visual stimuli

Abstract

A physiological change in the body of a user such as a brain wave or EEG signal is detected by electrodes attached to the scalp of the user. A frequency signal corresponding to a brain wave to be evoked is extracted by a bandpass filter from a signal which indicates the detected physiological change. The frequency signal is then applied to a stimulus generator which converts the frequency signal to a stimulative signal such as a photic stimulus and feeds the stimulative signal back to the user'"'"'s body. The brain wave to be evoked is strongly synchronized by the stimulative signal applied to the user to place the user quickly into a desired brain wave state. The stimulative signal well matches the user'"'"'s body since it originates from the signal representing the physiological change in the body of the user.

Claims

1. A system for passively evoking a desired electroencephalogram signal from a brain of a user of the system, comprising:

detecting means for detecting a physiological change in the user'"'"'s body and producing a signal indicative of the detected physiological change;

filtering means for extracting a desired electroencephalogram signal from the signal detected by said detecting means; and

stimulating means for applying, as a stimulative signal, one of a photic, aural and vibratory signal to the user, the frequency of the applied stimulative signal being in synchronism with the frequency of said extracted electroencephalogram signal in order passively to evoke the desired electroencephalogram signal from the user.

2. A system according to claim 1, further comprising an amplifier connected to said detecting means for amplifying the signal indicative of the detected physiological change and producing in an output thereof an amplified signal, and wherein said filtering means comprises a bandpass filter and is connected to the output of said amplifier for extracting the frequency signal corresponding to the electroencephalogram signal produced by said amplifier, the frequency signal being converted to the stimulative signal having a variant amplitude.

3. A system according to claim 2, wherein the frequency signal represents a theta wave having a frequency ranging from 0.5 to 7 Hz.

4. A system according to claim 2, wherein the frequency signal represents an alpha wave having a frequency ranging from 7 to 20 Hz.

5. A system according to claim 2, wherein said detecting means comprises a pair of electrodes attachable to a scalp of the user.

6. A system according to claim 2, wherein said stimulating means comprises a light emitting diode and a driver for energizing said light emitting diode.

7. A system according to claim 6, wherein said stimulating means provides a photic stimulus to the user in synchronism with changes in the amplitude of the stimulative signal.

8. A system according to claim 2, wherein said stimulating means applies an aural stimulus to the user.

9. A system according to claim 2, wherein said stimulating means applies a vibratory stimulus to the user.

10. A system according to claim 5, wherein said detecting means and said stimulating means are incorporated in a headband attachable to the user.

11. A system according to claim 1 wherein said filtering means comprises:

a bandpass filter for extracting a frequency signal corresponding to the electroencephalogram signal to be evoked from the signal produced by said detecting means, said bandpass filter having a variable passband, the passband having a central frequency; and

filter frequency control means for selecting a frequency optimum for evoking the electroencephalogram signal by analyzing the signal produced by said detecting means and setting the central frequency of the passband of said bandpass filter to the selected frequency.

12. A system according to claim 1, further comprising an amplifier connected to said detecting means for amplifying the signal indicative of the detected physiological change and producing in an output thereof an amplified signal, wherein said bandpass filter is connected to the output of said amplifier for extracting the frequency signal corresponding to the electroencephalogram signal produced by said amplifier, the frequency signal being converted to the stimulative signal having a variant amplitude, and wherein said filter frequency control means is further connected to the output of said amplifier for selecting the frequency optimum for evoking the electroencephalogram signal by analyzing the amplified signal.

13. A system according to claim 12, wherein the frequency signal represents a theta wave having a frequency ranging from 0.5 to 7 Hz.

14. A system according to claim 12, wherein the frequency signal represents an alpha wave having a frequency ranging from 7 to 20 Hz.

15. A system according to claim 11, wherein said filter frequency control means comprises means for producing a clock signal having a frequency corresponding to the amplified output, and wherein the passband of said bandpass filter is varied in response to the clock signal.

16. A system according to claim 11, wherein said filter frequency control means comprises means for analyzing the amplified signal by way of fast Fourier transform.

17. A system according to claim 11, wherein said detecting means comprises a pair of electrodes attachable to scalp of the user.

18. A system according to claim 11, wherein said stimulating means comprises a light emitting diode and a driver for energizing said light emitting diode.

19. A system according to claim 11, wherein said stimulating means provides a photic stimulus to the user in synchronism with changes in the amplitude of the stimulative signal.

20. A system according to claim 11, wherein said stimulating means applies an aural stimulus to the user.

21. A system according to claim 11, wherein said stimulating means applies a vibratory stimulus to the user.

22. A system according to claim 17, wherein said detecting means and said stimulating means are incorporated in a headband attachable to the user.

23. A system according to claim 1 wherein said filtering means comprises a bandpass filter;

and further comprising,

level adjusting means for adjusting the amplitude of said frequency signal to a predetermined level and outputting a level-adjusted frequency signal to said stimulating means.

24. A system according to claim 23, further comprising:

means for detecting a level of the evoked electroencephalogram signal from the amplitude of the frequency signal extracted by said bandpass filter and aurally informing a condition in which the electroencephalogram signal is evoked.

25. A system according to claim 23, further comprising an amplifier connected to said detecting means for amplifying the signal indicative of the detected physiological change and producing in an output thereof an amplified signal, and wherein said bandpass filter is connected to the output of said amplifier for extracting the frequency signal corresponding to the electroencephalogram signal produced by said amplifier, the frequency signal being converted to the stimulative signal having a variant amplitude.

26. A system according to claim 25, wherein the frequency signal represents a theta wave having a frequency ranging from 0.5 to 7 Hz.

27. A system according to claim 25, wherein the frequency signal represents an alpha wave having a frequency ranging from 7 to 20 Hz.

28. A system according to claim 23, wherein said level adjusting means comprises an automatic gain control circuit.

29. A system according to claim 23, wherein said level adjusting means comprises a limiter.

30. A system according to claim 23, wherein said level adjusting means comprises a clipper.

31. A system according to claim 23, wherein said detecting means comprises a pair of electrodes attachable to a scalp of the user.

32. A system according to claim 23, wherein said stimulating means comprises a light emitting diode and a driver for energizing said light emitting diode.

33. A system according to claim 23, wherein said stimulating means provides a photic stimulus to the user in synchronism with changes in the amplitude of the stimulative signal.

34. A system according to claim 23, wherein said stimulating means applies an aural stimulus to the user.

35. A system according to claim 23, wherein said stimulating means applies a vibratory stimulus to the user.

36. A system according to claim 31, wherein said detecting means and said stimulating means are incorporated in a headband attachable to the user.

37. A system according to claim 1 further comprising:

phase lock signal generator means for generating a signal having a constant level in phase with the signal produced by said detecting means; and

wherein said filter means comprises;

first bandpass filter for extracting a frequency signal corresponding to the electroencephalogram signal to be evoked from the signal produced by said phase lock signal generator means.

38. A system according to claim 37, further comprising:

second bandpass filter for removing noise from the signal produced by said detecting means prior to application of said signal to said phase lock signal generator means.

39. A system according to claim 37, further comprising an amplifier connected to said detecting means for amplifying the signal indicative of the detected physiological change and producing in an output thereof an amplified signal, and wherein said second bandpass filter is connected to the output of said amplifier.

40. A system according to claim 39, wherein the frequency signal represents a theta wave having a frequency ranging from 0.5 to 7 Hz.

41. A system according to claim 39, wherein the frequency signal represents an alpha wave having a frequency signal ranging from 7 to 20 Hz.

42. A system according to claim 37, wherein said detecting means comprises a pair of electrodes attachable to a scalp of the user.

43. A system according to claim 37, wherein said stimulating means comprises a light emitting diode and a driver for energizing said light emitting diode.

44. A system according to claim 37, wherein said stimulating means provides a photic stimulus to the user in synchronism with changes in the amplitude of the stimulative signal.

45. A system according to claim 37, wherein said stimulating means applies an aural stimulus to the user.

46. A system according to claim 37, wherein said stimulating means applies a vibratory stimulus to the user.

47. A system according to claim 42, wherein said detecting means and said stimulating means are incorporated in a headband attachable to the user.

48. A system according to claim 1 wherein said filtering means comprises:

a first bandpass filter for extracting a frequency signal corresponding to the electroencephalogram signal to be evoked from the signal produced by said detecting means; and

wherein said system further comprises;

pulse width modulator means for generating a signal of a constant level which has been pulse-width modulated by the frequency signal from said bandpass filter;

second bandpass filter for extracting a frequency signal corresponding to an electroencephalogram signal to be evoked from the signal produced by said pulse width modulator means and applying said frequency signal to said stimulating means.

49. A system according to claim 48, further comprising an amplifier connected to said detecting means for amplifying the signal indicative of the detected physiological change and producing in an output thereof an amplified signal, and wherein said first bandpass filter is connected to the output of said amplifier for extracting the frequency signal corresponding to the electroencephalogram signal produced by said amplifier.

50. A system according to claim 49, wherein the frequency signal represents a theta wave having a frequency ranging from 0.5 to 7 Hz.

51. A system according to claim 49, wherein the frequency signal represents an alpha wave having a frequency ranging from 7 to 20 Hz.

52. A system according to claim 48, wherein said detecting means comprises a pair of electrodes attachable to a scalp of the user.

53. A system according to claim 48, wherein said stimulating means comprises a light emitting diode and a driver for energizing said light emitting diode.

54. A system according to claim 48, wherein said stimulating means provides a photic stimulus to the user in synchronism with changes in the amplitude of the stimulative signal.

55. A system according to claim 48, wherein said stimulating means applies an aural stimulus to the user.

56. A system according to claim 48, wherein said stimulating means applies a vibratory stimulus to the user.

57. A system according to claim 52, wherein said detecting means and said stimulating means are incorporated in a headband attachable to the user.

58. A system as claimed in claim 23 further comprising, second detecting means, filtering means, and stimulating means, all being substantially identical to and interconnected substantially identical to the first mentioned detecting means, filtering means, and stimulating means;

said first and second detecting means being connected in such a manner to detect brain waves emanating from the right and left cerebral hemispheres, respectively, of the user'"'"'s body; and

said first and second stimulating means being positioned to provide stimulating signals to the left and right cerebral hemispheres, respectively, of the user'"'"'s body.

59. A system according to claim 1, wherein said stimulating means applies the stimulative signal to the user at a frequency equal to the frequency of said extracted frequency signal.

60. A system for passively evoking desired electroencephalogram signals from right and left cerebral hemispheres, respectively, of a brain of a user, the system, comprising:

detecting means for detecting physiological changes relative to the right and left cerebral hemispheres of the user;

a plurality of bandpass filters for extracting first and second frequency signals from the signals detected by said detecting means, said first and second extracted frequency signals corresponding to detecting physiological changes relative to the right and left cerebral hemisphere of the user'"'"'s body, respectively;

level adjusting means for adjusting amplitude levels of the extracted first and second frequency signals to respective predetermined levels; and

stimulating means, coupled to said level adjusting means, for applying, to the left cerebral hemisphere of the user, a first photic stimulative signal in synchronism with the adjusted first extracted frequency signal, and for applying, to the right hemisphere of the user, a second photic stimulative signal in synchronism with the adjusted second extracted frequency, thereby passively evoking the desired electroencephalogram signals from the user.