Wireless high flow intravascular sheath introducer and method

• US 5,242,410 A
• Filed: 04/23/1992
• Issued: 09/07/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Florida (State University System of Florida)
• Original Assignee: University of Florida (State University System of Florida)
• Inventors: Melker, Richard J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hirsch, Paul J.
• Application Number:
  US07/873,665
• Time in Patent Office: 502 Days
• Field of Search: 604/51, 604/52, 604/53, 604/164, 604/158, 604/159, 604/161, 604/165, 604/169, 604/170, 606/191
• US Class Current: 604/164.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 25/06 Body-piercing guide needles or the like

Abstract

A wireless high flow sheath introducer for intravascular access and a method for using such an introducer. The invention comprises a large bore flow sheath having a nested, coaxial, tapered dilator which dilates a vein to a size sufficient for introduction of the large bore flow sheath, and a needle nested within the tapered dilator and coaxial therewith for initially piercing the target vessel. The present invention also provides a method of using such an instrument.

Claims

1. A wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer comprising:

a. a high-flow intravascular sheath sized to fit within an intravascular body vessel, and having a passage therethrough for fluid flow and a sheath connector hub attached to its proximal end,

b. an essentially rigid dilator, removably mountable coaxially within the passage of the intravascular sheath through the proximal end of the sheath, the dilator having a passage therethrough and being positionable within the sheath so that a substantial length of the dilator projects from the distal end of the sheath at a transition point, the dilator having a distal end spaced apart from the transition point;

c. a small-diameter needle sized to penetrate an intravascular body vessel, removably mounted coaxially within the passage of the dilator through the proximal end of the dilator, the needle having a sharpened distal end for piercing a body vessel, the needle being positionable within the dilator so that the sharpened distal end projects from the distal end of the dilator;

and further characterized by;

d. the dilator having an inner diameter closely approximating the outer diameter of the needle, a largest outer diameter at the transition point between the sheath and the dilator closely approximating the inner diameter of the sheath, and a smallest outer diameter at its distal end closely approximating the outer diameter of the needle;

e. the dilator tapering inwardly with a transitionless angled slope distally from the transition point between the sheath and the dilator to its distal end, and the dilator terminating just proximal to the sharpened distal end of the needle, the distal end of the dilator closely conforming to the shape of the needle to facilitate penetration of the dilator into a body vessel pierced by the needle;

wherein the dilator is movable from a position whereby the sharpened distal end of the needle is exposed to a position whereby the sharpened distal end of the needle is shielded.

2. The wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer of claim 1, wherein the sheath has a length approximately two-thirds the length of the dilator.

3. The wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer of claim 1, wherein the dilator has a length such that approximately one-third of the dilator projects from the distal end of the sheath.

4. The wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer of claim 1, wherein the dilator has a slope from its distal end to the transition point in the range of about 0.022 to about 0.09.

5. The wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer of claim 1, wherein the dilator has a concave contour from its distal end to the transition point.

6. The wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer of claim 1, wherein the distal end of the sheath is beveled to closely conform to the shape of the dilator to facilitate penetration of the sheath into a body vessel penetrated by the dilator.

7. The wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer of claim 1, further including a dilator connector hub attached to the proximal end of the dilator.

8. The wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer of claim 1, further including a needle connector hub attached to the proximal end of the needle.

9. A method of positioning a high-flow intravascular sheath within an intravascular body vessel, without using a guide wire, comprising the steps of:

a. providing an assembled wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer of the type of claim 1;

b. piercing the outer wall of a selected intravascular body vessel with the sharpened distal end of the needle;

c. advancing the needle into the vessel until the distal end of the dilator penetrates the wall of the vessel, then retracting the sharpened distal end of the needle within the passage of the dilator to shield the needle and prevent laceration of the wall of the vessel;

d. advancing the dilator within the vessel until the distal end of the sheath penetrates the wall of the vessel, then withdrawing the needle and dilator from the passage of the sheath as the sheath is completely advanced into the vessel wherein the needle remains shielded upon withdrawal.

10. The method of claim 9, including the further step of incising the skin adjacent a selected body vessel to ease insertion of the sheath into the vessel.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the sheath has a length approximately two-thirds the length of the dilator.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the dilator has a length such that approximately one-third of the dilator projects from the distal end of the sheath.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein the dilator has a slope from its distal end to the transition point in the range of about 0.022 to about 0.09.

14. The wireless, high-flow intravascular sheath introducer of claim 9, wherein the dilator has a concave contour from its distal end to the transition point.

15. The method of claim 9, wherein the distal end of the sheath is beveled to closely conform to the shape of the dilator to facilitate penetration of the sheath into a body vessel penetrated by the dilator.

16. The method of claim 9, wherein the dilator further includes a dilator connector hub attached to the proximal end of the dilator.

17. The method of claim 9, wherein the needle further includes a needle connector hub attached to the proximal end of the needle.