Method for producing metal carbide heat sources

• US 5,247,949 A
• Filed: 01/09/1991
• Issued: 09/28/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 01/09/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Philip Morris USA Incorporated (Altria Group, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Philip Morris USA Incorporated (Altria Group, Inc.)
• Inventors: Losee, Donald B. Jr., Hajaligol, Mohammad R., Deevi, Seetharama C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Millin, V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BAHR, JENNIFER DOYLE
• Application Number:
  US07/639,241
• Time in Patent Office: 993 Days
• Field of Search: 131/359, 131/369, 131/194, 44/520, 44/504, 44/521, 44/522, 44/14, 44/535, 44/16 R
• US Class Current: 131/359
• CPC Class Codes: A24B 15/165 comprising as heat source a carbon fuel or an oxidized or thermally degraded carbonaceous fuel, e.g. carbohydrates, cellulosic material
• CPC Class Codes: A24C 5/00 Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
• CPC Class Codes: A24D 1/22 Cigarettes with integrated combustible heat sources, e.g. with carbonaceous heat sources
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 5/40 essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 50/30 Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

This invention relates to a heat source comprising metal carbide and a method for preparing the same using a reducing/carbidizing atmosphere. The metal carbide heat sources of this invention have ignition temperatures that are substantially lower than conventional carbon particles normally used in carbonaceous heat sources, while at the same time provide sufficient heat to release a flavored aerosol from a flavor bed for inhalation by the smoker. Upon combustion, the heat sources produce substantially no carbon monoxide.

Claims

1. A method of producing metal carbide, comprising the steps of:

a. mixing a metal species and a carbon source;

b. supplying heat to the mixture in a plurality of intervals; and

c. contacting the mixture with a reducing/carbidizing atmosphere.

3. The method of claims 1 or 2, wherein the metal species is an iron species.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the iron species is selected from the group consisting of iron oxyhydroxide, Fe₂ O₃, Fe₃ O₄, FeO and mixtures thereof.

5. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon source is selected from the group consisting of colloidal graphite, activated carbon and activated charcoal.

6. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the reducing/carbidizing atmosphere comprises carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the reducing/carbidizing atmosphere comprises about 1 part carbon monoxide and about 7 parts hydrogen.

10. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat is supplied to the mixture at a constant rate of increase.

11. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat is supplied to the mixture in a plurality of intervals.

12. The method of claim 1 or 11, wherein the heat is supplied to the mixture within at least one of the plurality of intervals at a constant rate of increase.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the rate of increase is up to about 20°

C./min.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat is supplied to the mixture until a temperature of between about 250°

C. to about 650°

C. is reached.

15. The method of claim 1 or 11, wherein the heat is supplied to the mixture in two intervals.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the heat is supplied to the mixture in the first interval at a first rate of increase and in the second interval at a second rate of increase.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first rate of increase is between about 0.1°

C./min. and about 10°

C./min.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein heat is supplied to the mixture in the first interval until a temperature of between about 100°

C. and about 200°

C. is reached.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the first rate of increase is between about 0.2°

C./min and about 5°

C./min and heat is supplied to the mixture in the first interval until a temperature of about 125°

C. is reached.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the second rate of increase is between about 1°

C./min. and about 20°

C./min.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein heat is supplied to the mixture in the second interval until a temperature of between about 250°

C. to about 650°

C. is reached.

22. The method of claim 16., wherein the second rate of increase is between about 5°

C./min to about 10°

C./min and heat is supplied to the mixture in the second interval until a temperature of between about 250°

C. and about 650°

C. is reached.

23. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the metal species and carbon source are combined in a polar solvent.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of water acetone, methanol and ethanol.

25. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal species is in particulate form having a particle size of up to about 300 microns.

26. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal species is in particulate form having a particle size of between about submicron and about 20 microns.

27. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal species has a surface area of between about 0.2 m² /g and about 300 m² /g.

28. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal species has a surface area of between about 1 m² /g and about 150 m² /g.

29. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon source is in particulate form having a particle size of up to about 300 microns.

30. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon source is in particulate form having a particle size of between about submicron and about 40 microns.

31. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon source has a surface area of between about 0.5 m² /g and about 2000 m² /g.

32. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon source has a surface area of between about 100 and about 600 m² /g.

2. A method of producing a heat source comprising a metal carbide, comprising the steps of:

a. mixing a metal species and a carbon source;

b. combining the mixture from step a) with a binder;

c. forming the mixture from step b) into a shape;

d. supplying heat to the mixture; and

e. contacting the mixture with a reducing/carbidizing atmosphere.

8. The method of claim 2, wherein the binder comprises carbonaceous materials.

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the binder comprises inorganic materials.

33. A heat source for use in a smoking article comprising metal carbide, low valency metal oxide and carbon, wherein the heat source is substantially in the form of a rod and has one or more fluid passages therethrough.

34. The heat source of claim 33 wherein the metal carbide comprises Fe₅ C₂ and the low valency metal oxide is FeO.

35. The heat source of claim 33 wherein the metal carbide comprises a mixture of Fe₅ C₂ and Fe₃ C.

36. The heat source of claim 33, wherein the heat source is substantially in the form of a cylindrical rod.

37. The heat source of claim 36, wherein the fluid passages are formed as grooves around the circumference of the cylindrical rod.

38. The heat source of claim 36, wherein the fluid passages are formed in the shape of a multi-pointed star.

39. The heat source of claim 36, wherein the cylindrical rod has a diameter of between about 3.0 mm and about 8.0 mm, and a length of between about 10 mm and about 14 mm.

40. The heat source of claim 36, wherein the cylindrical rod has a diameter of between about 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm.

41. A method of producing metal carbide, comprising the steps of:

a. mixing a metal species and a carbon source;

b. supplying heat to the mixture at a constant rate of increase; and

c. contacting the mixture with a reducing/carbidizing atmosphere.

42. A smoking article comprising a heat source, wherein the heat source comprises metal carbide, low valency metal oxide and carbon.