Precision bone alignment

• US 5,249,581 A
• Filed: 07/15/1991
• Issued: 10/05/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bank of Montreal
• Original Assignee: Christopher Nowacki, Mark T. Horbal
• Inventors: Horbal, Mark T., Nowacki, Christopher
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): ZELE, KRISTA MICHELLE
• Application Number:
  US07/731,146
• Time in Patent Office: 813 Days
• Field of Search: 128/68.1, 128/664, 128/665, 128/774, 128/781, 128/782
• US Class Current: 600/407
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2055 Optical tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2072 Reference field transducer attached to an instrument or patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/363 Use of fiducial points
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3916 Bone tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3945 Active visible markers, e.g. light emitting diodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3983 Reference marker arrangements for use with image guided surgery
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1077 Measuring of profiles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1079 using optical or photographic means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4504 Bones A61B5/4547 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4528 Joints A61B5/4533, A61B5/4538 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/37 Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation

Abstract

An apparatus and method for precision bone alignment includes a plurality of markers secured to bone portions prior to an orthopaedic/surgical procedure. Light emitting LED'"'"'s are provided on said markers and are sensed by an optical three-dimensional sensor which provides respective positional electric signals to a computer, the computer in turn being connected to a monitor to provide a three-dimensional display. The signals prior to the orthopaedic/surgical procedure are stored in the computer. The sensor also provides signals following the orthopaedic/surgical procedure for comparison with the signals before the procedure to insure proper alignment.

Claims

1. Apparatus for precision bone alignment comprising a plurality of orthopaedic markers having means adapted for direct and fixed securement respectively to a plurality of bone portions to be aligned, each of said markers including a radiation emitting device thereon, radiation reception sensor means for detecting radiation emitted from said radiation emitting devices, means interconnected with said radiation emitting devices for sequentially causing said radiation emitting devices to emit radiation for a limited time, said devices otherwise not emitting radiation, said radiation reception sensor means outputing signals corresponding to positions of said radiation emitting devices, computer means connected to said sensor means for receiving said signals, and a monitor connected to said computer means for providing a visual display corresponding to the positions of said radiation emitting devices.

2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein the means adapted for direct and fixed securement includes means adapted to release said markers from said securement.

3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said radiation emitting devices comprise light emitting diodes.

4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein said light emitting diodes are infrared light emitting diodes.

5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said sensor means comprises three-dimensional sensor means outputing signals corresponding to three-dimensional positions of said radiation emitting devices.

6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5 wherein said three-dimensional sensor means comprises a plurality of light sensors.

7. Apparatus as set forth in claim 6 wherein each sensor provides an analog signal corresponding to the positions of said radiation emitting devices.

8. Apparatus as set forth in claim 7 wherein the monitor displays in coordinates of X,Y,Z and α

,β

,Ω

for three-dimensional viewing.

9. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5 wherein the radiation emitting devices comprise light emitting diodes.

10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 9 wherein said radiation emitting devices comprise infrared light emitting diodes.

11. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5 and further including means for storing said signals prior to an orthopaedic/surgical procedure, and means for comparing signals after an orthopaedic/surgical procedure with the stored signals.

12. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein each marker includes means spacing a respective radiation emitting device outwardly away from a respective bone portion.

13. A method for precision bone alignment which comprises securing markers directly and fixedly to bone portions to be aligned, optically sensing a position of each of said markers, providing electrical signals corresponding to the positions sensed, electrically connecting said electrical signals to a monitor to provide a visual display corresponding to the positions of said markers, and manipulating said bone portions while observing said display to attain optical indication of alignment of said bone portions on said monitor.

14. A method as set forth in claim 13 which comprises sensing the positions of each of said markers with three-dimensional sensing means to provide three-dimensional electrical signals for a three-dimensional display.

15. A method as set forth in claim 13 including providing radiation emitting devices on said markers, sequentially activating said radiation emitting devices, and sensing the position of said radiation emitting devices when activated.

16. A method as set forth in claim 15 and further including providing a three-dimensional sensing means comprising a plurality of sensors to provide a plurality of electrical signals for a three-dimensional display on said monitor.

17. A method for precision bone alignment which comprises securing markers to bone portions to be aligned, optically sensing the position of each of said markers, providing electrical signals corresponding to the positions sensed, electrically connecting said electrical signals to a monitor to provide a visual display corresponding to the positions of said markers, retaining signals of the marker positions before an orthopaedic/surgical procedure, detecting the positions of said markers after said orthopaedic/surgical procedure, and comparing the positions of said markers before and after said orthopaedic/surgical procedure.