Apparatus and method for producing parts with multi-directional powder delivery

• US 5,252,264 A
• Filed: 11/08/1991
• Issued: 10/12/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 11/08/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3D Systems, Inc. (3D Systems Corporation)
• Original Assignee: DTM Corporation (3D Systems Corporation)
• Inventors: Deckard, Carl R., Klein, Jack M., Forderhase, Paul F.
• Primary Examiner(s): HEITBRINK, JILL LYNNE
• Application Number:
  US07/789,358
• Time in Patent Office: 704 Days
• Field of Search: 425/174, 425/174.4, 425/218, 425/256, 425/257, 425/258, 425/260, 425/337, 425/356, 425/447, 425/448, 425/449, 264/22, 264/58, 264/112, 264/113, 264/125, 156/62.2, 156/643, 156/345, 156/272.8
• US Class Current: 264/497
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/28 Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/222 for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/224 for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/226 for rotary motion
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/38 Housings, e.g. machine housings
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/63 Rollers
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2998/00 Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/004 Filling molds with powder feeding material to presses in general B30B15/302
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/153 using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/251 Particles, powder or granules expandable particles B29K2105/046
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 40/00 Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49013 Deposit layers, cured by scanning laser, stereo lithography SLA, prototyping
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency

Abstract

An apparatus and method for producing parts by fusing selected portions of a layer of powder at a target area, including the systems for delivering the powder to the target area, is disclosed. Multiple powder pistons are included in the apparatus, each of which lift a volume of powder above a surface in an alternating manner relative to one another. Powder delivery begins by the lifting of a volume of powder at a first location on one side of the target area. A counter-rotating roller moves across the lifted powder, distributes it over the target area, and rests beyond a second powder lifting location on the other side of the target area. Portions of the powder layer are then fused at the target area according to a cross-section of the part to be produced, and is followed by lowering a part cylinder at the target area in order to accept the next layer of powder. A second volume of powder is lifted at the second location, and the counter-rotating roller moves across the second location and the target area to deliver the next layer of powder to the target area. The multiple powder piston system reduces the excess powder in the chamber, speeds the delivery of powder, and facilitates the installation of powder during the process.

Claims

1. A method for delivering powder to a target area at a surface in an apparatus in the production of parts by an additive process, comprising:

lifting a first volume of powder above said surface at a first location on a first side of said target area;

moving a member across said target area from beyond said first location so that a first layer of powder is delivered across said target area;

performing said additive process to selected portions of said first layer of powder at said target area;

lifting a second volume of powder above said surface at a second location on a second side of said target area;

after said performing step, moving said member across said target area from beyond said second location so that a second layer of powder is delivered across said target area; and

performing said additive process to selected portions of said second layer of powder at said target area.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said member comprises a roller.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said each of said moving steps comprise:

translating said roller across said target area; and

rotating said roller in a direction counter to the direction of said translating step.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of lifting said second volume of powder is performed after said performing step.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said lifting steps each comprise:

upwardly moving a piston, having powder disposed thereover, so that said volume of powder is lifted through an opening in said surface.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said apparatus includes first and second pistons located at said first and second locations, respectively;

wherein said apparatus further includes a part cylinder located at said target area, said surface having an opening thereat, said part cylinder having fused and unfused powder disposed thereover;

and further comprising;

prior to said step of moving said member from beyond said first location, lowering said part cylinder; and

after said step of performing said additive process in said first layer, and prior to said step of moving said member from beyond said second location, lowering said part cylinder.

7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

loading first and second powder cartridges into said apparatus below said first and second locations, respectively, said first and second powder cartridges each including movable bottom panels with powder disposed thereover, said movable bottom panels serving as said pistons.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein each of said performing steps comprise fusing selected portions of said layer of powder into a mass at said target area, said selected portions corresponding to a cross-section of a part;

wherein said step of performing said additive process in said second layer of powder fuses the selected portions of said second layer of powder to a portion of the mass fused in said first layer of powder.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein each of said fusing steps comprise directing an energy beam at selected portions of said layer.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein said distributing means comprises:

a roller; and

a motor coupled to said roller, for moving said roller across said plate from beyond said first opening to beyond said second opening.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein said motor is coupled to said roller in such a manner that said roller rotates counter to the direction of travel across said plate.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein said motor is coupled to said roller in such a manner that the rotation of the roller is slaved to the travel of the roller across said plate.

10. In an apparatus for producing parts from powder, said apparatus including a target area at which an additive process is performed to produce a part, the powder delivery system comprising:

a plate, having first and second openings therethrough on first and second sides of said target area;

a first powder piston, located below said first opening, for pushing a volume of powder through said first opening above the surface of said plate;

a second powder piston, located below said second opening, for pushing a volume of powder through said second opening above the surface of said plate; and

means for distributing powder from above said first powder piston to said target area, and from above said second powder piston to said target area.

14. The system of claim 10, wherein said first powder piston

a first piston surface, over which powder may be disposed;

a first piston motor coupled to said first piston surface, for moving said first piston surface upwardly and downwardly relative to said plate.

15. The system of claim 10, wherein said first powder piston comprises:

a first powder cartridge, having a movable bottom, for holding powder therein;

a first piston plunger, for contacting said movable bottom of said first powder cartridge; and

a first piston motor, coupled to said first piston plunger, for moving said first piston plunger upwardly and downwardly so that said movable bottom of said first powder cartridge moves upwardly and downwardly.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein said first piston cartridge comprises a container having rigid sidewalls and a movable bottom panel.

17. The system of claim 15, further comprising:

means for receiving said first piston cartridge, so that said first piston cartridge can be removed from and installed into said system.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein said second powder piston comprises:

a second powder cartridge, having a movable bottom, for holding powder therewithin;

a second piston plunger, for contacting said movable bottom of said second powder cartridge;

a second piston motor, coupled to said second piston plunger, for moving said second piston plunger upwardly and downwardly so that said movable bottom of said second powder cartridge moves upwardly and downwardly; and

drawer slides for receiving said second piston cartridge, so that said second piston cartridge can be removed from and installed into said system.

19. The system of claim 15, further comprising:

a distributor disposed below said first opening, for distributing the powder in said first powder piston thereat.

20. The system of claim 10, wherein said target area is located over a part cylinder, said part cylinder comprising:

a part cylinder surface for holding fused and unfused powder, said part cylinder surface located under a part opening in said plate; and

a part cylinder motor, for downwardly moving said part cylinder surface so that the part being produced is lowered from said target area to allow for delivery of powder thereover.

21. An apparatus for producing parts at a target area at which an additive process is performed, comprising:

a chamber, having a target area at which said additive process is performed, and having a first opening through its bottom on a first side of said target area;

means for fusing selected portions of a layer of powder at said target area;

a first powder piston assembly, located below said first opening, for pushing a volume of powder through said first opening into said chamber, comprising;

a removable powder cartridge having a movable bottom;

means for receiving said cartridge into said first powder piston assembly; and

means for moving the bottom of said cartridge, said moving means engaged by said cartridge when received by said receiving means; and

means for distributing powder from above said first powder piston to said target area.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said first piston cartridge comprises a container having rigid sidewalls and a movable bottom panel.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said first piston cartridge comprises:

a bag for retaining powder;

a housing for suspending said bag; and

and wherein said moving means comprises means for moving the bottom of said bag upwardly and downwardly when suspended in said housing, so that said bag feeds and receives powder, respectively.

24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said chamber bottom has a second opening therethrough on a second side of said target area;

and further comprising;

a second powder piston assembly, located below said second opening, for pushing a volume of powder through said second opening into said chamber, comprising;

a removable powder cartridge having a movable bottom;

means for receiving said cartridge into said second powder piston assembly;

and wherein said distributing means also is for distributing powder from above said second opening to said target area.

25. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising:

means, within said chamber, for removing said part and its entraining powder from said target area while maintaining the atmospheric integrity of said chamber.

26. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising:

means for isolating said means for receiving said powder cartridge from said chamber, so that said removable cartridge may be installed therein while maintaining the atmospheric integrity of said chamber.