Electronic brake system for road vehicles

• US 5,255,962 A
• Filed: 07/17/1991
• Issued: 10/26/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 07/17/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH
• Original Assignee: Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH
• Inventors: Stehr, Wolfgang, Neuhaus, Detlev
• Primary Examiner(s): Oberleitner, Robert J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Muratori, Alfred
• Application Number:
  US07/731,628
• Time in Patent Office: 832 Days
• Field of Search: 364/426.03, 364/426.02, 364/426.01, 303/91, 303/96, 303/100, 303/102, 303/103, 303/110, 303/111, 303/113 TR, 303/113 AP, 303/22.1, 303/DIG. 3, 303/DIG. 4, 188/1.11
• US Class Current: 303/188
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2270/402 Back-up
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2270/413 Plausibility monitoring, cross check, redundancy
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2270/82 Brake-by-Wire, EHB
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/175 Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel spin during vehicle acceleration, e.g. for traction control safety devices for propulsion unit control responsive to, or preventing, skidding of wheels B60K28/16
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/17616 Microprocessor-based systems
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/321 deceleration B60T8/34, B60T8/52, B60T8/54, B60T8/56, B60T8/58, B60T8/72, B60T8/86, B60T8/88 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/885 using electrical circuitry

Abstract

An electronic brake system for road vehicles includes a decentrally formed electronic device and at least one central module. The central module includes at least one microprocessor with its individual intelligence. A module (1, 2, 3, 4) is coordinated in each case to a respective wheel. The modules (1, 2, 3, 4) also include microprocessors with an individual intelligence function. The wheel modules are hierarchically subordinated to the central module (5, 6). The central module (5, 6) is integrated system-wide into the remaining vehicle electronics. This means that the central module (5, 6) receives signals such as steering angle, vehicle deceleration, values delivered imposed by the driver such as brake requirement, parking brake, retarder, etc. which are of importance for the entire vehicle. The wheel modules (1, 2, 3, 4) are responsible primarily for the supply and the operational control of the in each case respective wheel. The wheel modules (1, 2, 3, 4) include amongst other things the respective power stage (35), which controls the brake-pressure modulator (29) of the respective brake cylinder (30). The wheel modules ( 1, 2, 3, 4) include the electronic devices belonging in addition to the respective wheel such as, for example, an antilock control channel coordinated to the wheel.

Claims

1. An electronic brake system for road vehicles comprising

a plurality of sensors with each of the plurality of sensors disposed near a respective wheel;

a plurality of brake-pressure modulators with each of the plurality of brake-pressure modulators disposed near the respective wheel;

a plurality of wheel modules, with each wheel module of the plurality of wheel modules including its respective own intelligence function, and with each wheel module of the plurality of wheel modules coordinated to the respective wheel, and with each wheel module including at least one microprocessor, wherein each wheel module of the plurality of wheel modules is disposed spatially in the neighborhood of the respective wheel, and wherein each wheel module of the plurality of the wheel modules receives at least a measurement value for a wheel spaced and for a brake pressure from a respective one of said plurality of sensors, and wherein the plurality of wheel modules generate electric output signals for control of said plurality of brake-pressure modulators;

an operating brake-value transmitter;

a parking brake;

a plurality of wheel module data bus lines;

two supervising central modules located at a central position of the vehicle and furnished with a microprocessor, wherein each of the two supervising central modules includes an individual intelligence function, and wherein the two supervising central modules are connected to and receive signal values from the operating brake-value transmitter and of a status of the parking brake, and wherein the two supervising central modules transfer brake pressure reference values to respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules, and wherein respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules transmit at least one of the measurement values received from the plurality of sensors to the respective supervising central modules, wherein the information exchange between the two supervising central modules and the plurality of the wheel modules is performed via at least one of the plurality of wheel module data bus lines with predetermined interfaces, and wherein the plurality of wheel modules and the two supervising central modules together form an electronic device serving to control the plurality of brake-pressure modulators,

wherein the two supervising central modules are disposed at a central location of a vehicle,

wherein an antilock function is furnished by an antilock braking system contained in the plurality of wheel modules,

wherein an antiskid function furnished by a drive slip control system is contained in the plurality of wheel modules,

wherein a vehicle reference speed for a antilock function is formed in the two supervising central modules, and the intelligence function of the wheel module is independent of inputs from the central modules.

2. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein each one of the plurality of the sensors is disposed at a respective brake cylinder.

3. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein each one of the plurality of sensors is disposed at a respective one of the plurality of brake-pressure modulators.

4. The electronic brake system for the road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein each one of the plurality of brake-pressure modulators is constructively combined with a respective one of the plurality of the wheel modules.

5. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein a brake pressure modification and brake pressure subdivision, respectively, is performed in the two supervising central modules according to load criteria of an automatic load-sensing brake.

6. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein a brake pressure modification and brake pressure subdivision, respectively, is performed in the two supervising central modules according to a brake lining wear criterium.

7. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the two supervising central modules mutually exchange information via an additional data bus line with a standard interface, and where the two supervising central modules mutually monitor each other.

8. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein a current supply of the plurality of wheel modules is switchable off in case of a disturbance by the two supervising central modules by means of electronic relay switches.

9. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of wheel module data bus lines is furnished by a plurality of optical fibers.

10. The electronic brake system for road vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising additional input lines, wherein the plurality of wheel modules receives information relating to brake lining thicknesses and brake lining temperatures via said additional input lines.

11. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein two separate ones of the plurality of wheel modules are combined to form a single axle module.

12. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the two supervising central modules are disposed at a central location in the vehicle, and wherein four wheel modules of the plurality of wheel modules are disposed in the neighborhood of the respective wheels;

and further comprising

an electronic brake value transmitter, wherein an input value for the two supervising central modules is delivered by a position of a brake pedal and a brake pedal force entered and imposed by a driver;

wherein a value of the brake position is sensed by the electronic brake value transmitter,

wherein the value of the brake position is fed to the two supervising central modules;

wherein the brake value transmitter is constructed with two circuit parts and includes two potentiometers for sensing the position of the brake pedal;

wherein digital signals perform the measurement value transmission to the supervising central modules;

wherein a position of a parking brake is fed to the two supervising central modules and wherein the two supervising central modules provide a functionality of a two-circuit system;

additional sensors providing further information to the supervising central modules derived from the additional sensors; and

actuators for being triggered through activation lines.

13. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, further comprising

a central-module data bus line connecting the two supervising central modules to each other for performing a data exchange through the central-module data bus line concerning axle load, the vehicle reference speed, and the brake value furnished by the brake value transmitter (18);

a mutual safety control of the two microprocessor furnished through the central-module data bus line to the supervising central-modules;

wherein the wheel-module data bus lines furnish a connection between the supervising central modules and the wheel modules and wherein these two data bus lines are furnished with defined interfaces, such that the supervising central modules and the wheel modules of different manufacturers are interfaceable to each other;

wherein the data exchange is furnished through a two-wire line in a series operation;

electronic switches connected to the wheel modules;

additional connection lines connecting the two supervising central modules to the electronic switches for triggering the electronic switches such that in case of a disturbance the wheel modules are separable from a respective power supply with the electronic switches.

14. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, further comprising switches disposed in the neighborhood of the two supervising central modules;

thicker wires for furnishing current transmission and disposed between the two supervising central modules and the plurality of wheel modules for furnishing electric power from a power supply to the plurality of wheel modules and enhancing the wheel-module data bus lines;

external input lines connected to external sensors and to the wheel modules for feeding signals from the external sensors to the plurality of wheel modules, wherein the sensors are furnished to sense a member selected of the group consisting of brake temperature, brake lining thickness, brake force, and wheel speed, and wherein two wheel modules associated with one axle are combined to form a single axle module.

15. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the wheel modules further comprises

a plurality of microprocessors associated with respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules;

a plurality of lines connected to respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules;

a plurality of electronic switches connected to respective ones of the plurality of lines for connecting and disconnecting a supply voltage to respective ones of the plurality of lines, wherein the switches are actuatable by the supervising central modules through an actuation line, wherein a data exchange between respective ones of the plurality of microprocessors and the two supervising central modules is performed through the plurality of wheel-module data bus lines;

external sensors;

external input lines connecting the external sensors to respective ones of the plurality of microprocessors;

a sensor for determining a rotation speed of a corresponding wheel for feeding a signal to a respective one of the plurality of the microprocessors through a connecting line;

a pressure sensor performing a measurement of brake pressure in a brake cylinder;

a plurality of amplifiers disposed at respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules;

a brake line feeding a pressure agent to the brake cylinder a brake pressure modulator capable of being switched by one of the plurality of microprocessors through a respective ones of the amplifier back into the following positions;

pressure retention,

pressure increase, and

pressure decrease.

16. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the wheel modules transfer data, transmitted by connected sensors, to the two supervising central modules;

wherein the plurality of wheel-module data bus lines are made of optical fiber;

an automatic load-sensing brake circuit contained in the two supervising central modules for making the brake system load-sensing, wherein a higher brake pressure corresponds to a predetermined pedal path in a brake value transmitter in case of a loaded vehicle as compared to the case of an empty vehicle,

wherein the thus modified brake values are fed to the plurality of wheel modules, and wherein the corresponding ones of the plurality of the brake pressure modulators are controlled by these wheel modules,

wherein a reference braking pressure is automatically adjusted.

17. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor of each one of the wheel modules processes different data based on a program controlling the microprocessor.

18. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor of each one of the wheel modules performs calculations based on a program controlling the microprocessor.

19. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the wheel modules receive signals from a wheel sensor connected to the wheel modules, wherein the wheel modules evaluate the signals from the wheel sensor, and wherein output signals of the wheel modules are formed by a logical processing in the wheel modules based on the signals received from the wheel sensor.

20. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the wheel modules include an antilock protection control channel.

21. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the wheel modules include a power stage for controlling a modulation valve of a respective brake cylinder.

22. An electronic brake system for road vehicles, with a electronic device serving to control brake-pressure modulators, wherein,

a) the electronic device is subdivided into several wheel modules (1, 2, 3, 4) each including their respective own intelligence function device coordinated to respective wheels and furnished with at least a microprocessor, which several wheel modules (1, 2, 3, 4) are disposed spatially in the neighborhood of the respective wheels, and one supervising central module (5, 6), furnished with a microprocessor with its individual intelligence, which supervising central module (5, 6) is disposed at a central location of a vehicle;

b) the supervising central module (5,

     6) receives at least values of an operating brake-value transmitter (18) and of a statue of a parking brake (19);

c) the wheel modules (1, 2, 3,

     4) receive a brake pressure reference value from the supervising central module (5,

     6);

d) the wheel modules (1, 2, 3,

     4) receive at least a measurement value for the wheel speed and for a brake pressure from sensors (32,

     33),

e) the wheel modules (1, 2, 3,

     4) transmit at least one of the measurement values received by the wheel modules (1, 2, 3,

     4) and information derived from the measurement values, respectively, to the supervising central module (5,

     6);

f) the wheel modules (1, 2, 3,

     4) generate electric output signals for control of a corresponding brake-pressure modulator (29), which brake-pressure modulator (29) is constructively combined with the wheel modules (1, 2, 3,

     4);

g) the information exchange between the supervising central module (5,

     6) and the wheel modules (1, 2, 3,

     4) is performed via at least one wheel module data bus line (7,

     8) with predetermined interfaces, wherein an antilock function furnished by an antilock braking system and an antiskid function furnished by a drive slip control system are contained in the wheel modules (1, 2, 3,

     4), and wherein a vehicle reference speed for the antilock function is formed in the supervising central module (5,

     6), and the intelligence function of the wheel modules is independent of inputs from the central module.

23. The brake system according to claim 22, wherein a brake pressure modification and brake pressure subdivision, respectively, is performed in the supervising central module (5, 6) according to load criteria of an automatic load-sensing brake.

24. The brake system according to claim 22, wherein a second central module (5, 6) is furnished, and the two central modules exchange information via an additional data bus line (9) with a standard interface, and where the two central modules (5, 6) mutually monitor each other.

25. The brake system according to claim 24, wherein the data bus lines (7, 8, 9) are furnished as photoconductors.

26. The brake system according to claim 22, wherein a current supply of the wheel modules (1, 2, 3, 4) can be switched off in case of a disturbance by the central module (5, 6) by means of electronic switches.

27. The brake system according to claim 22, wherein the wheel modules (1, 2, 3, 4) receive information relating to brake lining thicknesses and brake lining temperatures via additional input lines (22, 23).

28. The brake system according to claim 22, wherein two wheel modules (1, 2) form a single axle module.

29. The brake system according to claim 22 where the sensors (32, 33) are disposed at the respective wheels (31).

30. The brake system according to claim 22 where the sensors (32, 33) are disposed at respective brake cylinders (30).

31. The brake system according to claim 22 where the sensors (32, 33) are disposed at the brake-pressure modulators (29).

32. The brake system according to claim 22, wherein a current supply of the wheel modules (1, 2, 3, 4) is switchable by the supervising central module (5, 6) in case of a disturbance by means of relays (10, 11, 12, 13).

33. The brake system according to claim 22, wherein two wheel modules (3, 4) are combined to form a single axle module.

34. The brake system according to claim 22, wherein a brake pressure modification and brake pressure subdivision, respectively, is performed in the supervising central module (5, 6) according to a brake lining wear criterium.

35. The brake system according to claim 22, wherein a current supply of the wheel modules (1, 2, 3, 4) can be switched off in case of a disturbance by the central module (5, 6) by means of relays (10, 11, 12, 13).

36. An electronic brake system for road vehicles comprising

a plurality of sensors disposed with each of the plurality of sensors disposed near a respective wheel;

a plurality of brake-pressure modulators with each of the plurality of brake-pressure modulators disposed near the respective wheel;

a plurality of wheel modules, with each wheel module of the plurality of wheel modules coordinated to the respective wheel and disposed spatially in the neighborhood of the respective wheel, with each wheel module of the plurality of wheel modules including its respective own intelligence function furnished by a respective one of a plurality of microprocessors, and wherein each wheel module of the plurality of the wheel modules receives a measurement value for a wheel speed and for a brake pressure from a respective one of said plurality of sensors, and wherein the plurality of wheel modules generate electric output signals for control of said plurality of brake-pressure modulators;

an operating brake-value transmitter for transmitting a brake value entered by a driver;

a parking brake;

a plurality of wheel module data bus lines;

a supervising central module located at a central position of a vehicle and furnished with a microprocessor, wherein the supervising central module includes an individual intelligence function, and wherein the supervising central module is connected to and is receiving signal values from the operating brake-value transmitter and from the parking brake, and wherein the supervising central module transfers brake pressure reference values to respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules, and wherein respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules transmit at least one of the measurement values delivered by the sensors to the supervising central module, wherein the information exchange between the supervising central module and the plurality of the wheel modules is performed through respective ones of the plurality of wheel module data bus lines, and wherein the plurality of wheel modules and the supervising central module together form an electronic device serving to control the plurality of brake-pressure modulators and wherein the supervising central module modifies the brake value received from the operating brake value transmitter and wherein the supervising central module feeds the modified brake values to respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules for automatically adjusting reference braking forces, and the intelligence function of the wheel modules is independent of inputs from the central module.

37. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 36, wherein one of the plurality of sensors recognizes an initial blocking and wherein thereupon a respective one of the wheel modules decreases braking pressure with an antilock function, wherein a vehicle reference speed required for an antilock braking system control circuit to calculate wheel slippage values is generated in the supervising central module and is feed to respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules through the respective wheel-module data bus lines.

38. The electronic brake system for road vehicles according to claim 36, wherein one of the plurality of sensors recognizes an initial skidding and wherein thereupon a respective one of the wheel modules prevents wheel spinning with an antiskid protection function, wherein a vehicle reference speed required for an antiskid braking system control to calculate wheel skidding values is generated in the supervising central module and is fed to respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules through the respective wheel-module data bus lines.

39. An electronic brake system for road vehicles comprising

a plurality of sensors disposed with each of the plurality of sensors disposed near a respective wheel;

a plurality of brake-pressure modulators with each of the plurality of brake-pressure modulators disposed near the respective wheel;

a plurality of wheel modules, with each wheel module of the plurality of wheel modules coordinated to the respective wheel and disposed spatially in the neighborhood of the respective wheel, with each wheel module of the plurality of wheel modules including its respective own intelligence function furnished by a respective one of a plurality of microprocessors, and wherein each wheel module of the plurality of the wheel modules receives a measurement value for wheel speed and for a brake pressure from a respective one of said plurality of sensors, and wherein the plurality of wheel modules generate electric output signals for control of said plurality of brake-pressure modulators;

an operating brake-value transmitter for entering a position of a brake pedal;

a parking brake;

a plurality of wheel module data bus lines;

a supervising central module located at a central position of a vehicle and furnished with a microprocessor, wherein the supervising central module includes an individual intelligence function, and wherein the supervising central module is connected to and is receiving signal values from the operating brake-value transmitter and from the parking brake, and wherein the supervising central module transfers brake pressure reference values to respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules, and wherein respective ones of the plurality of wheel modules transmit at least one of the measurement values delivered by the sensors to the supervising central module, wherein the information exchange between the supervising central module and the plurality of the wheel modules is performed through respective ones of the plurality of wheel module data bus lines, and wherein the plurality of wheel modules and the supervising central module together form an electronic device serving to control the plurality of brake-pressure modulators, and wherein the supervising central module is capable of triggering electronic switches for separating respective ones of the wheel modules from their respective power supplies, and wherein the supervising central module coordinates actions performed under control of the plurality of wheel modules, and the intelligence function of the wheel modules is independent of inputs from the central module.

40. An electronic brake system for road vehicles comprising

sensors disposed near a respective wheel;

brake modulators disposed near the respective wheel;

a plurality of wheel modules, with each wheel module including its respective own intelligence function, and with each wheel module coordinated to the respective wheel, and with each wheel module including at least one microprocessor, wherein each wheel module is disposed spatially in the neighborhood of the respective wheel, and wherein the wheel modules receive at least a measurement value for wheel speed and for brake pressure from said sensors, and wherein the wheel modules generate electric output signals for control of said brake-pressure modulators;

an operating brake-value transmitter;

a parking brake;

wheel module data bus lines;

two supervising central modules located at a central position of a vehicle and furnished with a microprocessor, wherein the supervising central modules include an individual intelligence function, and wherein the central modules are connected to and are receiving signal values from the operating brake-value transmitter and from the parking brake, and wherein the central modules transfer brake pressure reference values to the wheel modules, and wherein the wheel modules transmit at least one of the measurement values received by the sensors to the central modules, wherein the information exchange between the central modules and the wheel modules is performed via at least one of the wheel module data bus lines with predetermined interfaces, and wherein the wheel modules and the central supervising module together form an electronic device serving to control the brake-pressure modulators, and the intelligence function of the wheel modules is independent of inputs from the central modules.