Temperature gradient calorimeter
First Claim
1. Apparatus for monitoring reactions comprising:
- (a) a two dimensional array of reaction chambers formed in a heat conductive substrate;
(b) a first heat transfer medium at a temperature T1 in thermal contact with a first region of said substrate;
(c) a second heat transfer medium at a constant temperature T2 in thermal contact with a second region of said substrate;
whereby a thermal gradient is established across said array and between said first and second regions which is proportional to the difference in temperature, T1 -T2, between the two mediums.
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Abstract
A temperature gradient calorimeter and method of calculating heats of reactions is disclosed. The calorimeter has a two dimensional array of reaction chambers located in a thermally conductive substrate. A first heat transfer medium is in thermal contact with the thermal conductive substrate and is located at one region of the array of reaction chambers. A second heat transfer medium is in thermal contact with the thermal conductive substrate and is located on the opposite side of the array from the first heat transfer medium. The first and second heat transfer mediums are at two different temperatures. That temperature difference produces a temperature gradient across the array of reaction chambers.
The fluorescence intensities are measured for reactant samples located in the array of reaction chambers. By inserting the fluorescence intensity data into thermodynamic equations expressing the degree of advancement and the heat of reaction, the heat of reaction for the reaction process of the sample can be determined.
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Citations
24 Claims
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1. Apparatus for monitoring reactions comprising:
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(a) a two dimensional array of reaction chambers formed in a heat conductive substrate; (b) a first heat transfer medium at a temperature T1 in thermal contact with a first region of said substrate; (c) a second heat transfer medium at a constant temperature T2 in thermal contact with a second region of said substrate;
whereby a thermal gradient is established across said array and between said first and second regions which is proportional to the difference in temperature, T1 -T2, between the two mediums. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, 20)
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14. A temperature gradient calorimeter comprising:
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a) a two dimensional array of reaction chambers arranged in a substrate and wherein a constant thermal gradient is established across the array; b) a sensor for measuring the intensity of radiation emitted by reactions occurring in the reaction chambers in which intensity varies in proportion to the thermal gradient. - View Dependent Claims (15)
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16. A method of monitoring reactions comprising:
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creating a constant temperature gradient across a two dimensional array of reaction chambers disposed in a heat conductive substrate; measuring the intensity of radiation emitted from the reactant solution in each reaction chamber across the array of reaction chambers; determining the heat of reaction for each reaction from the measured intensities of the reaction in each chamber. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A temperature gradient calorimeter comprising:
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a) a two dimensional array of reaction chambers formed in a heat conductive substrate, said reaction chambers in the two dimensional array being arranged in horizontal rows on the x-axis and vertical columns on the y-axis; b) a first heat flow medium at a temperature T1 in thermal contact with a first region of said substrate; c) a second heat flow medium at a constant temperature T2 in thermal contact with a second region of said substrate;
whereby a thermal gradient is established between said first and second regions which is proportional to the difference in temperature, T1 -T2, between the two mediums;d) a sensor for measuring the fluorescence intensity emitted by reactions occurring in the reaction chambers in which intensity varies in proportion to the thermal gradient.
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Specification