Drop detection method and apparatus

• US 5,256,155 A
• Filed: 04/01/1991
• Issued: 10/26/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Covidien AG (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Sherwood Medical Company (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Yerlikaya, Denis Y., Krohn, Randall J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Rosenbaum, C. Fred
• Assistant Examiner(s): MENDEZ, MANUEL A
• Application Number:
  US07/678,639
• Time in Patent Office: 939 Days
• Field of Search: 128/DIG. 13, 604/251-253, 604/65, 604/67, 604/245, 604/246, 377/21, 222/14, 222/17
• US Class Current: 604/246
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1689 Drip counters
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 8/14 using reflectors
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/10 with curved faces
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/13 Infusion monitoring

Abstract

A drop detector circuit and method are provided for a drop detector of the type including a drop chamber and an electro-optical sensor. A photodiode detects drops passing through its optical sensing path, and a capacitor is connected between the photodiode and an amplifier to block the DC component of the diode signal. After amplification, the signal is passed through a low pass filter to further block signals caused by undesirable factors. The cutoff frequency of the low pass filter is controlled by a microprocessor that controls the pump that pumps liquid from the drop chamber.

Claims

1. In a drop flow detector of the type including a drop chamber, a light source for passing light through said chamber, and a light detector responsive to said light after it has passed through said chamber for producing an electrical output signal related thereto, and circuit means responsive to the output signal of said light detector for determining the existence of drop flow, the improvement comprising:

blocking means for blocking the DC component of the output signal of said light detector from transmission to said circuit means;

to produce a filtered output signal;

means for amplifying said filtered output signal, said amplifying means having a predefined saturation level, the filtered output signal being amplified by said amplifying means to a level that does not saturate the same, said level of amplification being substantially higher than the highest level of amplification which would not produce saturation if said DC component were present;

means for generating a control signal, and,

lowpass filtering means for blocking frequency components in said light detector output signal having a frequency above a cutoff frequency, said low pass filtering means located between said light detector and said circuit means, said cutoff frequency being variable in response to said control signal, said filtering means having a control input for receiving said control signal which determines said cutoff frequency.

2. A detector in accordance with claim 1, wherein said lowpass filtering means is a switched capacitor type filter.

3. A detector in accordance with claim 1 further including a motorized pump and a microprocessor for controlling the speed of said pump, said microprocessor also deriving said control signal related to said speed, said control signal being applied to said lowpass filtering means control input.

4. A detector in accordance with claim 3 wherein said cutoff frequency is approximately 4 Hz.

5. A detector in accordance with claim 1, wherein said blocking means comprises a capacitor electrically in series between said light detector and said circuit means.

6. A method for operating a drop flow detector of the type including a drop chamber, a light source for passing light through said chamber, a light detector, responsive to said light after it has passed through said chamber, for producing an electrical output signal related thereto, and circuit means responsive to the output signal of said light detector for determining the existence of drop flow, said circuit means including an amplifier having a predefined saturation level, said method comprising:

blocking the DC component of the output signal of said light detector from transmission to said amplifier to produce a filtered output signal;

amplifying the filtered output signal to a level that does not saturate the amplifier, said level of amplification being substantially higher than the highest level of amplification which would not produce saturation if said DC component were present; and

, the step of generating a control signal;

filtering said filtered output signal with a lowpass filtering means having a variable cutoff frequency determined by a control signal, said lowpass filtering means connected between the light detector and the circuit means.

7. A method in accordance with claim 6, utilized in a system including a motorized pump and a microprocessor for controlling the speed of said pump, further comprising the step of said microprocessor producing said control signal related to said speed,

8. A method in accordance with claim 6, wherein said blocking step is accomplished by a capacitor connected electrically in series between said light detector and said circuit means.

11. A method in accordance with claim 6 further comprising the step of differentiating said output signal.

12. A method in accordance with claim 11 further comprising the steps of:

a) detecting a change in the differentiated output signal corresponding in kind to the change produced by a drop passing through the drop chamber between the light source and the light detector;

b) timing the time between the detected changes in the differentiated output signal corresponding in king to the change produced by a drop passing through the drop chamber between the light source and the light detector;

c) producing a second control signal in response to the time between the detected changes in the differentiated output signal corresponding in kind to the change produced by a drop passing through the drop chamber between the light source and the light detector being larger than a predetermined time, the second control signal indicating that a drop has passed through the drop chamber between the light source and the light detector.

13. A method in accordance with claim 12 wherein said predetermined time is about 50 milliseconds.

9. A drop flow detector comprising:

a) a drop chamber;

b) light source for passing light through said drop chamber;

c) a light detector responsive to said light after it has passed through said drop chamber for producing an electrical output signal related thereto;

d) circuit means, responsive to the output signal of said light detector, for determining the existence of drop flow;

e) means for blocking the DC component of the output signal of said light detector of transmission to said circuit means;

f) means for generating a control signal; and

,

g) lowpass filtering means for blocking frequency components in said light detector output signal having a frequency above a cutoff frequency, said low pass filtering means located between the light detector and said circuit means, said filtering means having a control input for receiving said control signal which determined said cutoff frequency.

10. A detector in accordance with claim 9 further including a motorized pump and a microprocessor for controlling the speed of said pump, said microprocessor also producing said control signal related to said speed, said control signal being applied to said lowpass filtering means control input.