Decoding bar codes from multiple scans using element replacement

• US 5,262,626 A
• Filed: 12/06/1989
• Issued: 11/16/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 12/06/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Symbol Technologies, Inc. (Zebra Technologies Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Symbol Technologies, Inc. (Zebra Technologies Corporation)
• Inventors: Goren, David P., Spitz, Glenn, Pavlidis, Theodosios
• Primary Examiner(s): Willis, Davis L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SIKORSKI, EDWARD
• Application Number:
  US07/421,269
• Time in Patent Office: 1,441 Days
• Field of Search: 235/436, 235/437, 235/462, 235/463, 235/466, 235/467, 235/472
• US Class Current: 235/462.07
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0166 by means of clock-signals derived from the code marks, e.g. self-clocking code
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/14 using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light G06K7/10831 - G06K7/1097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1491 the method including a reconstruction step, e.g. stitching two pieces of bar code together to derive the full bar code

Abstract

A method for reading bar code symbols which enables legitimate characters recognized by the code in use to be derived from a plurality of scans corresponding to illegitimate characters not recognized by the code in use is disclosed. The method includes the steps of storing representations of the bar code symbol which cannot be decoded to produce legitimate character(s). One of the representations is improved, or corrected, using another representation, and an attempt is made at decoding the corrected representation to produce a legitimate character. If the decoding attempt is not successful, further corrections are made in order to provide a representation which may be decoded to produce a legitimate character.

Claims

1. In a method for decoding bar code symbols in which a bar code reader and associated components scan a bar code symbol having a succession of linear elements of different light reflectivity, produce a representation of the symbol and attempt to decode the representation of the symbol in order to produce a legitimate data character message containing legitimate data characters which are decodable, all non-decodable characters being illegitimate, the improvement comprising the steps of:

storing a first representation of the bar code symbol corresponding to a first scan path through said symbol;

decoding at least one of said data characters in said first representation to determine whether it includes any illegitimate data characters;

determining that said first representation includes at least one illegitimate data character;

storing a second representation of the bar code symbol corresponding to a second path through said symbol;

decoding at least one of said data characters in said second representation to determine whether it includes any illegitimate data characters;

comparing corresponding decoded characters of said first and second representations and

replacing at least one, but fewer than all, of the elements of an illegitimate data character of said first representation with at least one element of a corresponding data character of said second representation to form an improved representation.

2. The improved method of claim 1 further comprising the step of improving said second representation using said improved representation to form a further improved representation.

3. The improved method of claim 2 further comprising the step of defining a relatively clear representation and a relatively distorted representation from said improved representation and said further improved representation, wherein said relatively clear representation comprises at least one undistorted element corresponding to a distorted element in said relatively distorted representation.

4. The improved method of claim 3 further comprising the step of correcting said relatively distorted representation using said relatively clear representation.

5. The improved method of claim 4 wherein said step of correcting results in an additional improved representation containing only legitimate characters.

6. The improved method of claim 4 further comprising the steps of repeatedly redefining said improved representation and said further improved representation as relatively clear and relatively distorted representations and repeatedly attempting to correct and decode said relatively distorted representation until either the decode is successful or neither improved representation can be defined as relatively clear.

7. The improved method of claim 3 further comprising the step of correcting said relatively clear representation using said relatively distorted representation.

8. The improved method of claim 7 wherein said step of correcting results in an additional improved representation containing only legitimate characters.

9. The improved method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of repeatedly redefining said improved representation and said further improved representation as relatively clear and relatively-distorted representations and repeatedly attempting to correct and decode said relatively clear representation until either the decode is successful or neither improved representation can be defined as relatively clear.

10. In a method for decoding bar code symbols in which a bar code reader and associated components scan a bar code symbol having a succession of linear elements of different light reflectivity, produce a representation of the symbol and attempt to decode the representation of the symbol in order to produce a legitimate character message containing a plurality of legitimate data characters which are decodable, all non-decodable characters being illegitimate, the improvement comprising the steps of:

comparing a plurlayt of representations obtained from different scanning paths through the same bar code symbol;

decoding at least one of the data characters in one representation;

determining that at lest one representation includes an illegitimate data character; and

modifying at least one illegitimate data character in one representation, said modifying comprising replacing at least one, but fewer than all, of the elements of an illegitimate character with at least one element of a legitimate character from a corresponding position in another representation to result in an improved representation.

11. The improved method of claim 10 wherein said step of replacing results in said improved representation containing only legitimate characters.

12. The improved method of claim 10 further comprising the steps of comparing said improved representation with one of the other representations and forming a further improved representation.

13. The improved method of claim 12 wherein said step of comparing results in said further improved representation containing only legitimate characters.

14. The improved method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of classifying said improved representation and said further improved representation as a relatively clear representation and a relatively distorted representation, wherein said relatively clear representation includes at least one undistorted element corresponding to a distorted element in said relatively distorted representation.

15. The improved method of claim 14 further comprising the step of correcting one of said relatively clear representation and said relatively distorted representation based on the other of said relatively clear representation and said relatively distorted representation, thereby forming an additional improved representation.

16. The improved method of claim 15 wherein said step of correcting results in said additional improved representation containing only legitimate characters.

17. The improved method of claim 15 further comprising the step of repeatedly redefining said improved representation and said further improved representation as relatively clear and relatively distorted representations.

18. The improved method of claim 17 comprising the step of decoding at least one of said repeatedly redefined relatively clear and relatively distorted images until a correct decoded representation is produced wherein said step of repeatedly redefining results in a representation containing only legitimate characters.

19. A method of decoding a bar code symbol that may contain distortion, said symbol including a sequence of characters, each character including a plurality of individual elements of different light reflectivity, with a set of predetermined patterns of elements representing illegitimate characters, while all other patterns represent legitimate characters, comprising the steps of:

storing a first representation of said bar code symbol derived from scanning entirely through said bar code symbol;

storing a second representation of said bar code symbol derived from scanning entirely through said bar code symbol;

improving said first representation using said second representation to form an improved representation;

wherein said step of improving said first representation comprises the step of replacing at least one element of a distorted character of said first representation with at least one element of a corresponding character of said second representation to form said improved representation;

wherein said step of replacing results in said improved representation containing only legitimate characters; and

further comprising, if the entire bar code symbol is not decodable using said improved representation, the step of attempting to improve, by element replacement, said second representation using said improved representation to form a further improved representation.

20. The method of claim 19 further comprising, if said step of attempting to improve said second representation was successful, the step of:

attempting to decode the entire bar code symbol using said further improved representation.

21. The method of claim 19 further comprising, if the entire bar code symbol is not decodable using said further improved representation, the step of:

attempting to define a relatively clear representation and a relatively distorted representation from said improved representation and said further improved representation, wherein said relatively clear representation comprises at least one undistorted element corresponding to a distorted element in said relatively distorted representation.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of:

attempting to improve, by element replacement, said relatively distorted representation using said relatively clear representation.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising, if said step of attempting to improve said relatively distorted representation is successful, the step of:

attempting to decode said relatively distorted representation.

24. The method of claim 22 further comprising, if said relatively distorted representation cannot be decoded, the step of:

repeatedly attempting to redefine said improved representation and said further improved representation as relatively clear and relatively distorted representations and repeatedly attempting to improve and decode said relatively distorted representation until either the decode is successful or neither improved representation can be defined as relatively clear.

25. The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of:

attempting to improve, by element replacement, said relatively clear representation using said relatively distorted representation.

26. The method of claim 25 further comprising, if said step of attempting to improve said relatively clear representation is successful, the step of:

attempting to decode said relatively clear representation.

27. The method of claim 25 further comprising, if said relatively clear representation cannot be decoded, the step of:

repeatedly attempting to redefine said improved representation and said further improved representation as relatively clear and relatively distorted representations and repeatedly attempting to improve and decode said relatively clear representation until either the decode is successful or neither improved representation can be defined as relatively clear.

28. In a method for decoding bar code symbols in which a bar code reader and associated components scan a bar code symbol having a succession of linear elements of different light reflectivity, produce a representation of the symbol and attempt to decode the representation of the symbol in order to produce a legitimate character message containing legitimate characters which are decodable, all non-decodable characters being illegitimate, the improvement comprising the steps of:

storing a first representation of the bar code symbol corresponding to a first scan path through said symbol;

decoding said first representation to determine whether it includes any illegitimate characters;

determining that said first representation includes at least one illegitimate character;

storing a second representation of the bar code symbol corresponding to a second scan path through said symbol;

decoding said second representation to determine whether it includes any illegitimate characters;

comparing corresponding decoded characters of said first and second representations;

replacing at least one element of an illegitimate character of said first representation with at lest one element of a corresponding character of said second representation to form an improved representation; and

improving said second representation using said improved representation to form a further improved representation.

29. The improved method of claim 28 further comprising the step of defining a relatively clear representation and a relatively distorted representation from said improved representation and said further improved representation, wherein said relatively clear representation comprises at least one undistorted element corresponding to a distorted element in said relatively distorted representation.

30. The improved method of claim 29 further comprising the step of correcting said relatively distorted representation using said relatively clear representation.

31. The improved method of claim 30 wherein said step of correcting results in an additional improved representation containing only legitimate characters.

32. The improved method of claim 30 further comprising the steps of repeatedly redefining said improved representation and said further improved representation as relatively clear and relatively distorted representations and repeatedly attempting to correct and decode said relatively distorted representation until either the decode is successful or neither improved representation can be defined as relatively clear.

33. The improved method of claim 29 further comprising the step of correcting said relatively clear representation using said relatively distorted representation.

34. The improved method of claim 33 wherein said step of correcting results in an additional improved representation containing only legitimate characters.

35. The improved method of claim 33 further comprising the steps of repeatedly redefining said improved representation and said further improved representation as relatively clear and relatively distorted representations and repeatedly attempting to correct and decode said relatively clear representation until either the decode is successful or neither improved representation can be defined as relatively clear.

36. In a method for decoding bar code symbols in which a bar code reader and associated components scan a bar code symbol having a succession of linear elements of different light reflectivity, produce a representation of the symbol and attempt to decode the representation of the symbol in order to produce a legitimate character message containing legitimate characters while are decodable, all non-decodable characters being illegitimate, the improvement comprising the steps of:

comparing a plurality of representations obtained from different scanning paths entirely through the same bar code symbol; and

modifying at least one illegitimate character in one representation based on at least one legitimate character in a corresponding position in another representation,

wherein said step of modifying comprises replacing at least one element of an illegitimate character with at least one element of a legitimate charade to result in an improved representation;

comparing said improved representation with one of the other representations and forming a further improved representation;

classifying said improved representation and said further improved representation as a relatively clear representation and a relatively distorted representation, wherein said relatively clear representation includes at least one undistorted element corresponding to a distorted element in said relatively distorted representation, repeatedly attempting to correct and

further comprising the step of correcting one of said relatively clear representation and said relatively distorted representation based on the other of said relatively clear representation and said relatively distorted representation, thereby forming an additional improved representation.

37. The improved method of claim 36 wherein said step of correcting results in said additional improved representation containing only legitimate characters.

38. The improved method of claim 36 further comprising the step of repeatedly redefining said improved representation and said further improved representations as relatively clear and relatively distorted representations.

39. The improved method of claim 38 comprising the step of decoding at least one of said repeatedly redefined relatively clear and relatively distorted representations until a decoded representation is produced containing only legitimate characters.