Method for controlling the operation of a range extender for a hybrid electric vehicle

• US 5,264,764 A
• Filed: 12/21/1992
• Issued: 11/23/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Motor Company
• Inventors: Kuang, Ming L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ro, Bentsu
• Application Number:
  US07/994,379
• Time in Patent Office: 337 Days
• Field of Search: 318/139, 180/65.1, 180/65.2, 180/65.3, 180/65.4, 290/8, 290/9, 290/10, 290/11, 290/14, 290/16, 290/17, 290/45, 290/50
• US Class Current: 318/139
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2045 for optimising the use of energy
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/445 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/25 by controlling the electric load
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0676 Engine temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

A method for controlling the operation of a range extender of a hybrid electric vehicle in which a requested power signal P_req is generated in response to the state-of-charge of the battery system being less than a predetermined intermediate value and the energy being consumed by the electric drive system being greater than the electric energy being delivered by the range extender. The requested power signal having a value approximately equal to the average power consumed by the electric drive system in a preceding time period. The method is responsive to the motor being in a energy regenerative state to decrease the power being generated by the range extender so that all the energy being generated by the motor is used to charge the battery. The method is also responsive to the engine temperature exceeding a predetermined temperature to reduce the power being delivered by the range extender. The power delivered by the range extender in response to the requested power signal is applied to the electric drive system and battery system to maintain the state-of-charge of the battery system is maintained within a predetermined range.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the operation of a range extender for a hybrid electric vehicle having a battery system providing electric power to an electric drive system, said range extender comprising an internal combustion engine driving an alternator to provide a requested electric power supplementing the electric power provided by the battery system to increase the range of the hybrid electric vehicle, said method comprising the step of:

detecting a state-of-charge of the battery system to generate a state-of-charge signal having a value corresponding to a percentage of a full charge;

detecting the electric power being consumed by the electric drive system to generate a consumed power signal p_con in response to said state-of-charge signal being less than a first predetermined value;

detecting the electric power being delivered by said range extender to generate a delivered power signal P_del in response to said state-of-charge signal being less than said first predetermined value;

generating a requested power signal P_req in response to said consumed power signal P_con being greater than said delivered power signal P_del by a predetermined difference, said requested power signal, P_req having a new value causing said range extender to deliver sufficient electric power to said electric drive system and to said battery system to maintain the state-of-charge of said battery system within a preselected state-of-charge range;

activating said range extender to to deliver electric power having a value corresponding o the new value of said requested power signal P_reg tending to maintain the difference between said consumed electric power and said delivered electric power to a value less than said predetermined difference; and

repeating said step of detecting said state-of-charge through said step of activating said range extender until said state-of-charge is greater than a second predetermined value.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said first predetermined value and said second predetermined value of said state-of-charge are approximately equal to 45% of full charge.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said predetermined difference is equal to approximately 600 kw·

second for said battery system having lead-acid batteries and equal to 3,600 kw·

second for said battery system having sodium sulphur batteries.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of generating said requested power signal P_req comprises the step of:

generating said requested power signal having a value corresponding to a maximum value P_max predetermined as a maximum power deliverable by said range extender when said state-of-charge is less than a third predetermined value;

generating said requested power signal having a value equal to an average consumed power value P_con in response to said state-of-charge being greater than said third predetermined value, in response to said value of said requested power signal P_req being less than an average delivered power value P_del, said requested power signal being less than said maximum value P_max and greater than a minimum value, P_min, predetermined as a minimum power deliverable by the range extender;

generating said requested power signal having a value corresponding to the sum of said average consumed power value P_con plus the difference between a current value of said requested power signal P_req and said average delivered power value P_del, said requested power signal being less than said value of said maximum value P_max and greater than said minimum value P_min ; and

generating said requested power signal having a value equal to the value of the current requested power signal P_req in response to the absolute value of the difference between said average consumed power value P_con and said average delivered power value P_del being less than said predetermined difference, said state-of-charge being greater than a fourth predetermined value, said requested power signal being less than said maximum value P_max and greater than said minimum value P_min.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said third predetermined value of said state-of-charge is in the range from 20% to 25% and said fourth predetermined value of said state-of-charge is approximately 40%.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said requested power signal P_req, has a maximum value P_max predetermined as a maximum power deliverable by said range extender and a minimum value P_min predetermined as a minimum power deliverable by said range extender said step of generating said requested power signal P_req comprises the steps of:

generating said requested power signal to have a new value corresponding to said maximum value, P_max, when the value of said state-of-charge signal is less than a fifth predetermined value;

averaging said consumed power signals P_con to generate an average consumed power value P_con in response to the value of said state-of-charge signal being greater than said fifth predetermined value;

averaging said delivered power signals P_del to generate an average delivered power value P_del in response to the value of said state-of-charge signal being greater than said fifth predetermined value;

comparing said requested power signal P_req with said average delivered power value P_del in response o the difference between said average consumed power value P_con and said average delivered power value, P_del, being greater than a second difference value;

comparing said value of said state-of-charge with a sixth predetermined value in response to the difference between said average consumed power value P_con and said average delivered power value P_del being less than said second difference value;

setting said requested power signal equal to the existing requested power signal in response to state-of-charge being greater than said sixth predetermined value;

comparing said value of said existing requested power signal P_req with said average delivered power value P_del in response to said value of said state-of-charge signal being less than said sixth predetermined value;

comparing said value of said requested power signal P_req with said maximum value P_max, in response to said state-of-charge signal being greater than said sixth predetermined value;

computing a new value for said requested power signal in response to said existing value of said requested power signal being greater than said average delivered power value P_del ;

generating said value of said requested power signal P_req to be equal to said average consumed power value P_con in response to said existing value of said requested power signal being less than said average delivered power, value P_del ;

comparing the new value of said requested power signal P_req with said maximum value P_max in response to generating said new value of said requested power signal P_req being equal to said average consumed power value P_con ;

generating a new value of said requested power signal P_req to be equal to said maximum value P_max in response to said new value of said requested power signal being greater than said maximum value P_max ;

comparing said new value of said requested power signal with said minimum value P_min to generate said new value of requested power signal to be equal to said minimum value P_min in response to said new value of said requested power signal being less than said minimum value P_min and to generate said requested power signal having a new value corresponding to the existing value in response to said state-of-charge signal being greater than said sixth predetermined value, said existing value being less than said maximum value P_max and greater than said minimum value P_min, to generate said requested power signal having said generated new value when said new value is less than said maximum value P_max and greater than said minimum value P_min and to generate said requested power signal having said new value equal to said average consumed power value Phd con in response to id new value being less than said maximum value P_max and greater than said minimum value P_min.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said electric drive system comprises a motor which may function in the alterative as an electric motor or an electric generator and a motor control having means for generating a signal indicating that said motor is functioning as an electric generator, providing electric power to said battery system, said method further comprising the step of controlling the electric power being delivered by said range extender to prevent said battery system from being charged at a rate greater than a maximum charge rate in response to said signal indicting said motor is functioning as an electric generator.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of controlling the electric power being delivered by said range extender in response to said signal indicating said motor is functioning as an electric generator comprises the step of;

detecting the occurrence of said signal indicating that said motor is functioning as an electric generator to compare the rotational speed of said motor with a minimum motor speed;

averaging the delivered power signal P_del to generate an averaged delivered power value P_del in response to said rotational speed of said motor being greater than said minimum motor speed;

computing a maximum regenerative power signal P_reg indicative of the regenerative electric power being generated by said motor as a function of the rotational speed of said motor;

comparing the sum of said average delivered power value P_del and said maximum regenerative power signal P_reg with a maximum charge rate C_max to generate a requested power signal P_req having a value equal to a difference between said maximum charge rate C_max minus said maximum regenerative power signal P_reg in response to the sum of maximum regenerative power signal P_reg and said averaged delivered power value P_del being greater than said maximum charge rate C_max ; and

generating a new requested power signal P_req having a value equal to the exiting requested power signal P_req in response to the sum of said maximum regenerative power signal OP_reg and said averaged delivered power value P_del being less than said maximum charge rate C_max.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of controlling the value of said requested power signal P_req to maintain the temperature of a coolant of said range extender internal combustion engine below a predetermined maximum coolant temperature θ

₁ .

10. The method of claim 9 wherein said step controlling the value of said requested power signal P_reg comprises the steps of:

comparing an actual coolant temperature of said coolant in the range extender internal combustion engine to said predetermined maximum coolant temperature θ

₁ to decrease the value of sad requested power signal P_req by a predetermined amount in response to said actual coolant temperature being greater than said predetermined maximum coolant temperature and to compare said actual coolant temperature with a desired coolant temperature when said actual coolant temperature is less than said predetermined maximum coolant temperature;

generating a maximum power having a predetermined maximum value P_max in response to said coolant temperature being less than said desired coolant temperature;

generating in response to said coolant temperature being greater than said desired coolant temperature or the generating of said maximum value P_max, a requested power signal P_req having a value computed to maintain said state-of-charge of said battery system within said preselected state-of charge range.

11. A method for controlling he operation of a range extender for a hybrid electric vehicle having a battery system providing electric power to an dielectric drive, said range extender system comprising an internal combustion engine driving an alternator to deliver electric power in response to a requested power signal, P_req, supplementing the electric power provided by the battery system to increase the range of the hybrid electric vehicle, and said electric drive system including a motor having a first state in which said motor functions as an electric motor and switchable to a second state in response to a signal causing said motor to function as an electric generator, said method comprising the steps of:

detecting a value corresponding to a percentage of a full charge of said battery system to generate a state-of-charge signal;

measuring the electric power being consumed by said electric drive system to generate a consumed power signal, P_con, having a value corresponding to the value o the electric power being consumed by the electric drive system in response to the value of said state-of-charge signal being less than a first SOC value;

measuring the electric power being delivered by said range extender to generate a delivered power signal P_del having a value corresponding o the value of said delivered electric power in response to the value of said state-of-charge signal being less than said first SOC value;

generating a requested power signal P_req in response to said value of said consumed power signal P_con being greater than said value of said delivered power signal P_del by a predetermined difference value, said requested power signal P_req having a new value causing said range extender to deliver sufficient electric power to said electric drive system and to said battery system to maintain the state-of-charge of said battery system within a predetermined state-of-charge range between said first SOC value and a second SOC value;

activating said range extender in response to said requested power signal P_req to deliver said sufficient electrical power;

controlling said electric power delivered by said range extender in response to said motor being switched to said second state so that the sum of the electric power being generated by said motor in said second state and said electric power being delivered by said range extender does not exceed a maximum charge rate of said battery system;

reducing said electric power being delivered by said range extender in response to said requested power signal P_req to reduce the temperature of a coolant in said internal combustion engine in response to the temperature of said coolant exceeding a predetermined temperature;

repeating said step of detecting the state-of-charge of said battery system through said step of reducing said electric power to reduce said temperature of said coolant until said state-of-charge is greater than said first SOC value.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein said step of generating a requested power signal P_req comprises the step s of:

generating said requested power signal having a value corresponding to a value P_max, predetermined as the maximum electric power deliverable by said range extender when said state-of-charge is less than a third SOC value;

generating a requested power signal having a value equal to an average consumed power value P_con in response to state-of-charge being greater than a fourth SOC value, said value of said requested power signal P_reg being less than said value P_max and greater than a value P_min predetermined to be the minimum power P_min deliverable by said range extender;

generating said request power signal P_req having a value corresponding o the sum of said average consumed power value P_con plus the difference between a current value of said requested power signal P_req and an average delivered power value P_del, said requested power signal being less than said value P_max and greater than said value P_min ; and

generating said requested power signal having a value equal to the value of the current requested power signal P_req in response to the absolute value of the difference between said average consumed power value P_con and said a average delivered power value P_del being less than a predetermined difference value, said state-of-charge being greater than a fourth SOC value, said requested power signal being less than said value P_max and greater than said value P_min.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein said state of controlling the electric power being delivered by said range extender in response to said signal indicating said motor is functioning as an electric generator comprises the steps of:

detecting the occurrence of said signal signifying that said motor is functioning as an electric generator to compare a rotational speed of said motor with a minimum rotational speed;

averaging said delivered power signal P_del to generate an averaged delivered power value P_del in response to said rotational speed of said motor being greater than said minimum motor speed;

computing a maximum regenerative power signal P_rg capable of being generated by said motor as a function of said rotational speed of said motor;

comparing the sum of said average delivered power value P_del and said maximum regenerative power signal P_reg with a maximum charge rate C_max to generate said requested power signal having a value equal to a difference between said maximum charge rate C_max minus said maximum regenerative power signal P_reg in response to the sum of said maximum generative power signal P_reg and said averaged delivered power value P_del being greater than the maximum charge rate C_max ; and

generating a new requested power signal having a value equal to the existing requested power signal in response to the sum of said maximum generative power signal P_reg and said averaged delivered power value P_del being less than said maximum charge rate C_max.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein said step of reducing said electric power comprises the steps of:

comparing an actual temperature of said coolant to said predetermined temperature to decrease the value of said requested power signal P_req by a predetermined amount in response to said actual temperature of said coolant being greater than said predetermined temperature;

comparing said actual temperature of said coolant with a desired coolant temperature when said actual temperature of said coolant is less than said predetermined temperature;

generating a requested power signal P_req having a predetermined maximum value P_max in response to said temperature of said coolant being less than said desired coolant temperature;

generating in response to said temperature of said coolant being greater than said desired coolant temperature or the generating of said requested power signal having said maximum power value P_max , said requested power signal p_req having a value calculated to maintain said state-of-charge of said battery system within said predetermined range.

15. A range extender for a hybrid electric vehicle having a battery system providing electric power to an electric drive system, said electric drive system having a motor having a first state in which it operates as an electric motor and a second state in which it operates as an electric generator to provide electric power to charge said battery system, said range extender comprising:

an alternator for generating electric power;

an internal combustion engine producing a rotary output driving said alternator at a speed controlled by the value of a requested power signal, P_req ;

a first sensor generating a state-of-charge signal having a value corresponding o the state-of-charge of said battery system;

a second sensor generating a consumed power signal P_con corresponding to the electrical power being consumed by said electric drive system;

a third sensor generating a delivered power signal P_del corresponding to the electrical power being delivered by said alternator;

means or generating said requested power signal P_req in response to said value of said state-of-charge signal being less than a first state-of-charge value and said value of said consumed power signal P_con being greater than said value of said delivered power signal P_del by a predetermined quantity, said requested power signal P_req having a value causing said range extender to deliver sufficient electric power to said electric drive system and to said battery system to maintain said state-of-charge of said battery system within a predetermined range;

means for controlling the value of said delivered power signal P_del by said range extender in response to said motor being in said second state to prevent the sum of the electric power generated by said motor in said second state and said delivered power generated by said range extender from exceeding a maximum charge rate for said battery system; and

means for reducing the value of said requested power signal P_req to reduce the load on said engine of said range extender and thereby reducing the temperature of said internal combustion engine in response to the temperature of a coolant of said engine exceeding a predetermined temperature.