Three dimensional cursor

• US 5,264,836 A
• Filed: 01/15/1991
• Issued: 11/23/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 01/15/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Rubin, Steven M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Harkcom, Gary V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HUYNH, BA
• Application Number:
  US07/641,407
• Time in Patent Office: 1,043 Days
• Field of Search: 395/119, 395/120, 395/152, 340/706-710, 340/711, 340/712
• US Class Current: 345/157
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/038 Control and interface arrangements therefor, e.g. drivers or device-embedded control circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04812 Interaction techniques based on cursor appearance or behaviour, e.g. being affected by the presence of displayed objects

Abstract

A method for controlling a three dimensional cursor'"'"'s position on a display with a two dimensional control device by generating a translation signal to the display when the control device was moved in such a way as to indicate that the user intended a translation of the cursor and generating an elevation signal to the display when the control device was moved in such a way as to indicate that the user intended an elevation of the cursor. Analysis of the single movement alone, however, being only the first step in truly interpreting the user'"'"'s intentions, the present invention also includes steps for preventing certain types of control device movements from being interpreted incorrectly.

Claims

1. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor to move in a three dimensional representation on a two dimensional display with a two-dimensional control device of a computer system in communication with the display, the control device being operative to generate a two-dimensional coordinate on the display for a control position of the control device in response to a manipulation of the control device by a user, comprising the steps of;

generating a translation signal by said computer system to said display when said manipulation of said control device is determined to correspond to a movement of said cursor in a two-dimensional plane within said three dimensional representation and generating an elevation signal by said computer system to said display when said manipulation of said control device is determined to correspond to a movement of said cursor in a direction perpendicular to said two-dimensional plane within said three dimensional representation;

moving said cursor within said two-dimensional plane formed by a first axis and a second axis in said three dimensional representation in response to said translation signal; and

moving said cursor along a third axis perpendicular to said two-dimensional plane of said three dimensional representation in response to said elevation signal, wherein said step of generating includes the steps of

determining whether said movement of said cursor would follow a first two dimensional path on said display within a predetermined threshold angle with said third axis in response to said manipulation of said control device;

determining whether said first path would stay within a predefined two dimensional corridor defining a straight line path for said cursor; and

if said first path would be within said threshold angle and within said predefined two dimensional corridor, then

plotting where a first point would be located on said display within said three dimensional representation formed by said first, second and third axes based on said two dimensional coordinate and an assumption that said movement of said cursor is an elevation of said cursor along said third axis.

plotting where a second point would be located on said display within said three dimensional representation based on said two dimensional coordinate and an assumption that said movement of said cursor is a translation of said cursor within said two-dimensional plane,

generating said translation signal if a first distance from a present three dimensional position of said cursor to said first point is more than twice as large as a second distance from said present three dimensional position to said second point, and

generating said elevation signal if said first distance is less than or equal to said second distance.

2. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 1, wherein said step of determining whether said movement of said cursor would follow said first path includes the steps of:

plotting where a two dimensional cursor point would be located on said display within said two dimensional plane formed by said first axis and said second axis based on said two dimensional coordinate;

determining said first path by determining where a line would be projected on said display within said two dimensional plane between at least a present two dimensional position of said cursor as defined by said first axis and said second axis and said cursor point;

determining a path angle between said third axis and said first path; and

comparing said path angle to said threshold angle.

3. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 2, wherein said threshold angle is within a predetermined number of degrees of a shadow line extending from said present two dimensional position of said cursor and a ground plane, said ground plane being substantially parallel to said two-dimensional plane and having an elevation value of substantially zero along said third axis.

4. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 1, wherein said third axis is perpendicular to said two-dimensional plane and said threshold angle is within fifteen degrees of said third axis.

5. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 2, wherein said step of generating further includes the steps of:

determining whether said cursor had elevated or translated to obtain at least said present three dimensional position; and

making generation of said elevation signal less likely than generating said translation signal if said cursor had previously translated to obtain at least said present three dimensional position.

6. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 5, wherein said step of making generation of said elevation signal less likely than generating said translation signal includes the steps of:

determining whether said present three dimensional position was obtained as a result of a continuous series of manipulations of said control device;

if said present three dimensional position was obtained as a result of said continuous series, saving said two dimensional coordinate and a time at which said manipulation occurred on a list in a memory of said computer system;

determining whether said list contains at least a predetermined number of said two dimensional coordinate and said time; and

if said list contains less than said predetermined number of said two dimensional coordinate and said time, generating said translation signal instead of said elevation signal.

7. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 6, wherein said step of generating further includes the step of:

making generation of said translation signal less likely than generating said elevation signal if said cursor had previously elevated to obtain at least said present three dimensional position.

8. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 6, wherein said step of determining whether said first path would stay within said predefined two-dimensional corridor includes the steps of:

plotting where two dimensional cursor points corresponding to said sets from said list would be located on said display within said two dimensional plane formed by said first axis and said second axis to form said first path, said first path having a length;

setting the width of said predefined two-dimensional corridor as a predetermined percentage of said length;

counting how many of said two dimensional cursor points of said first path would be plotted outside of said predefined two-dimensional corridor; and

determining that said first path is within said predefined two-dimensional corridor if a predetermined percentage of said two dimensional cursor points fall within said predefined two-dimensional corridor.

9. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 5, wherein said step of making generation of said translation signal less likely than generating said elevation signal includes the steps of:

determining whether said present three dimensional position was obtained as a result of a continuous series of manipulations of said control device;

if said present three dimensional position was obtained as a result of said continuous series, saving said two dimensional coordinate and a time at which said manipulation occurred on a list in a memory of said computer system;

determining whether said list contains at least a predetermined number of said two dimensional coordinate and said time; and

if said list contains less than said predetermined number of said and said time, generating said elevation signal instead of said translation signal.

10. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 1, wherein said step of generating further includes the steps of:

determining whether said cursor had elevated or translated to obtain at least said present three dimensional position; and

making generation of said elevation signal less likely than generating said translation signal if said cursor had previously translated to obtain at least said present three dimensional position.

11. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 10, wherein said step of making generation of said elevation signal less likely than generating said translation signal includes the steps of:

determining whether said present three dimensional position was obtained as a result of a continuous series of manipulations of said control device;

if said present three dimensional position was obtained as a result of said continuous series, saving said two dimensional coordinate and a time at which said manipulation occurred on a list in a memory of said computer system;

determining whether said list contains at least a predetermined number of said two dimensional coordinate and said time; and

if said list contains less than said predetermined number of said two dimensional coordinate and said time, generating said translation signal instead of said elevation signal.

12. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 11, wherein said step of generating further includes the step of:

making generation of said translation signal less likely than generating said elevation signal if said cursor had previously elevated to obtain at least said present three dimensional position.

13. A computer implemented method for controlling a cursor as recited in claim 11, wherein said step of determining whether said first path would stay within said predefined two-dimensional corridor includes the steps of:

plotting where two dimensional cursor points corresponding to said sets from said list would be located on said display within said two dimensional plane formed by said first axis and said second axis to form said first path, said first path having a length;

setting the width of said predefined two-dimensional corridor as a predetermined percentage of said length;

counting how many of said two dimensional cursor points of said first path would be plotted outside of said predefined two-dimensional corridor; and

determining that said first path is within said predefined two-dimensional corridor if a predetermined percentage of said two dimensional cursor points fall within said predefined two-dimensional corridor.