Synchronization mechanism for link state packet routing

• US 5,265,092 A
• Filed: 03/18/1992
• Issued: 11/23/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 03/18/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Enterasys Networks Incorporated (Extreme Networks, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Digital Equipment Corporation (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Varghese, George, Soloway, Stuart R., Lauck, Anthony G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Safourer, Benedict V.
• Application Number:
  US07/853,647
• Time in Patent Office: 615 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.03, 340/826, 370/60, 370/60.1, 370/94.1, 370/94.3, 370/95.1
• US Class Current: 370/238
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/02 Topology update or discovery
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/03 by updating link state protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/18 Loop-free operations

Abstract

A method of providing loop free and shortest path routing of data packets in a network having a plurality of switches, routing messages for communicating network topology information between the switches, a plurality of links connecting the switches and a plurality of channels connecting the switches to the links. The loop free routing of data packets is achieved through modifications to known link state packet (LSP) routing protocols and permits each switch to inform adjacent switches in the network of the information in the switch'"'"'s database used to compute forwarding tables. A switch uses a received LSP to compute a forwarding table and informs neighboring switches on attached links of the routing change. The switch discards any subsequent data packets whose path would be affected by the changed routing information. The discarding of data packets continues until the switch receives notification from each adjacent switch affected by the changed routing information that all affected routing paths have been recalculated and the forwarding table of each affected switch has been updated. Thus, while adjacent switches temporarily contain inconsistent LSP databases and possibly inconsistent forwarding tables, the looping of data packets is prevented. Shortest path routing for data packets from a source endnode to a destination endnode is achieved by assuring that the first switch to forward the packet is on the shortest path to the packet'"'"'s destination endnode. A source endnode transmits a data packet with an appropriate destination header and the determination of the actual routing path is performed transparently to endnodes. A data packet reaches its destination endnode by following the shortest path possible based on the network topology as represented in the database of the first switch that forwards it.

Claims

1. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network having a plurality of switches, routing messages for communicating network topology information between said switches, each of said switches having a routing database for storing said network topology information and routing path information used in forwarding packets, a plurality of links connecting said switches and a plurality of channels connecting said switches to said links, comprising the steps of:

receiving by a first one of said plurality of switches a routing message identifying new network topology information and said new network topology information differing from the network topology information currently contained in said routing database of said first switch;

incorporating said new network topology information into said routing database of said first switch and changing routing path information based thereon; and

notifying each one of said plurality of switches adjacent to said first switch that said new network topology information has been received by said first switch and used to change routing path information;

temporarily discarding data packets received by said first switch whose routing paths are affected by said new network topology information;

transmitting said routing message received by said first switch to said plurality of switches;

notifying said first switch by each of said plurality of adjacent switches that said routing message identifying said new network topology information is stored in each of said routing databases of said plurality of adjacent switches and used to change routing path information; and

discontinuing said discarding of data packets whose routing paths were affected by said new network topology information by said first switch after said notification from all of said plurality of adjacent switches.

2. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 1 further comprising the step of:

transmitting said routing message identifying said new network topology information by controlled flooding.

3. The method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 1, further comprising the step of:

synchronizing on a link by link basis said databases of said switches attached to each individual one of said links before transmitting said data packets on each respective one of said individual links.

4. The method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 3, wherein said routing message is a link state packet having an announcement field and said step of notifying said adjacent switches comprises:

transmitting said link state packet having said announcement field asserted true to each of said adjacent switches.

5. The method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 4, wherein said routing message is a link state packet having a poll field and said step of notifying said adjacent switches comprises:

transmitting said link state packet having said poll field asserted true to each of said adjacent switches which requires each of said adjacent switches to notify said first switch if said new network topology information has been used to change routing path information in said database of said adjacent switch.

6. The method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 4, wherein the step of changing said routing path information in said database of said first switch comprises:

establishing a forwarding table having for each destination node in said network a pick-up bit and a hold down bit for each channel attached to said first switch.

7. The method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 6, wherein the step of changing said routing path information in said database of said adjacent switches comprises:

establishing a forwarding table having for each destination node in said network a pick-up bit and a hold down bit for each channel attached to each respective one of said adjacent switches.

8. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 7 wherein each of said databases for each of said switches includes a set of ready bits for each stored link state packet and each one of said ready bits corresponds to the combination of one of said plurality of adjacent switches and one of said channels,

asserting as true a ready bit corresponding to a particular combination of adjacent switch and channel if the respective switch has received through said channel said notification from said adjacent switch for the stored link state packet.

9. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 8 further comprising the steps of:

storing in said database of each of said switches an imaginary link state packet corresponding to each of said switches including an "undefined" flag for each channel connected to said switch;

asserting said "undefined" flag when there is a possibility that an adjacent one of said switches possess inconsistent information regarding the flagged channel; and

using said "undefined" flag information in determining said forwarding table for said switch.

10. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 9 further comprising the steps of:

determining if said received link state packet has the same origin as a link state packet stored in said database of said switch; and

if not,

setting said imaginary link state packet associated with said link state packet equal to said link state packet having each of said "undefined" flags asserted true and all of said ready bits asserted false.

11. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of:

determining if said received link state packet has the same origin as a link state packet stored in said database of said switch; and

, if so,

replacing said imaginary link state packet by a new imaginary link state packet that is the last least upper bound of the said imaginary link state packet and said received link state packet.

12. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 9 further comprising the steps of:

storing in said database of at least some of said switches a shadow imaginary link state packet corresponding to each of said switches including a list of adjacencies, an "undefined" flag associated with each adjacency and a ready bit for each of said adjacent switches reachable through an attached channel; and

asserted all "undefined" flags and ready bits for said shadow imaginary link state packet false.

13. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 12 further comprising the steps of:

determining a link configuration change in said network;

modifying said database of said switches to reflect the change in said adjacent switches reachable over said link;

replacing said imaginary link state packet having all ready bits asserted true with a new imaginary link state packet identical to the current link state packet except all "undefined" flags are asserted true;

clearing all hold down bits in said forwarding table if all said imaginary link state packet information is equal to respective link state packets;

transmitting by each of said switches on said link a complete sequence number packet;

receiving a notification from every adjacent switch on said link;

calculating said forwarding tables of said databases of said switches.

14. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 13 wherein said complete sequence number packet represents a notification for each link state packet listed and which has its ready bit asserted true.

15. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 9 further comprising the step of:

storing in said database of each of said switches a shadow imaginary link state packet including a list of adjacencies, an "undefined" flag associated with each adjacency and a ready bit for each of said adjacent switches for each attached channel through which it is reachable.

16. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 15 wherein said shadow imaginary link state packet is associated with an originator of a link state packet when there is a possibility that the stored imaginary link state packet is erroneous, asserting all ready bits false and asserting all "undefined" flags false.

17. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 16 further comprising the steps of:

updating said shadow imaginary link state packet by setting it equal to the "least upper bound" of said old shadow imaginary link state packet and said new link state packet when said new link state packet is stored for one of said switches; and

setting said ready bit for said channel over which said link state packet was received and said switch that transmitted said link state packet.

18. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 17 further comprising the step of:

adding or deleting said ready bits associated with said shadow imaginary link state packet when said switches attached to an adjacent link change.

19. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 18 further comprising the step of:

deleting said imaginary link state packet substituting the shadow imaginary link state packet if all of said ready bit associated with said shadow imaginary link state packet are asserted true.

20. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

determining if said received link state packet matches a link state packet stored in said database of said switch;

transmitting a notification if said received link state packet matches a stored link state packet.

21. The method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 1, wherein said routing message is contained within a sequence number packet and identifies one or more of the link state packets listed therein.

22. The method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:

releasing each of said adjacent switches receiving said notification from any routing path restriction previously sent by said first switch.

23. A method of providing loop free routing of data packets in a network having a plurality of switches, routing messages for communicating network topology information between said switches, each of said switches having a routing database with a forwarding table including for each destination node in the network a pick-up bit and a hold down bit for each channel attached to the switch for storing said network topology information and routing path information used in forwarding packets, a plurality of links connecting said switches and a plurality of channels connecting said switches to said links, comprising the steps of:

receiving a data packet having an address of the destination node through one of said plurality of channels at one of said plurality of switches;

determining if the address of the destination node included in the header of the data packet corresponds to a destination node contained in said forwarding table of said switch;

discarding said data packet if no forwarding table entry exists for said destination node and said channel combination;

accessing the forwarding table if a forwarding table entry exists for said destination node and said channel combination;

determining if each channel in said channel combination is "fully-up";

discarding said data packet if said hold down bit in said forwarding table for said channel and destination node combination is asserted true;

discarding said data packet if said pick-up bit for said channel and destination node combination is asserted false;

discarding said data packet if none of the forwarding channels for said destination node is "fully-up";

transmitting said data packet through a forwarding channel in said forwarding table if said data packet is not discarded in the previous steps.

24. A method of providing shortest path routing of data packets in a network having a plurality of switches routing messages for communicating network topology information between said switches, each of said switches having a routing database with a forwarding table for storing said network topology information and routing path information used in forwarding packets, a plurality of links connecting said switches and a plurality of channels connecting said switches to said links, comprising the steps of:

each of said plurality of switches receiving said routing messages and calculating the shortest path from said respective switch to each possible destination in said network;

storing said shortest path information in said forwarding table of said database of each of said respective switches;

transmitting a data packet having an address of a destination end node onto one of said links;

selecting one of said plurality of switches attached to said link that is part of the shortest path for said data packet to said destination end node thereby assuring that the first one of said switches to receive said data packet is part of the shortest route to said destination end node;

receiving said data packet by said selected switch;

forwarding said data packet to said destination end node by said selected switch.

25. A method of providing shortest path routing of data packets in a network as set forth in claim 24 wherein said forwarding table in each routing data base for each of said plurality of switches stores a pick-up bit for each combination of destination node and channel connected to said switch, further comprising the step of:

asserting true said pick-up bits in said forwarding table of each of said plurality of switches if and only if said shortest path goes through said switch and wherein said step of selecting is restricted to switches with pick-up bits asserted true.