Method for influencing physiological processes through physiologically interactive stimuli

• US 5,267,942 A
• Filed: 04/20/1992
• Issued: 12/07/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 04/20/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Utah Valley University
• Original Assignee: Utah Valley University
• Inventors: Saperston, Bruce M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): LACYK, JOHN P
• Application Number:
  US07/869,922
• Time in Patent Office: 596 Days
• Field of Search: 600/26-28, 128/731-732, 128/905
• US Class Current: 600/28
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2021/0022 by the tactile sense, e.g. vibrations
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2021/0027 by the hearing sense
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2021/0072 with application of electrical currents
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 21/02 for inducing sleep or relaxation, e.g. by direct nerve stimulation, hypnosis, analgesia for massage A61H; electrotherapy A61N, e.g. applying alternating or intermittent electric currents for producing anaesthesia A61N1/36021
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/06 Heartbeat rate only
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/10 Electroencephalographic signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/42 Rate
• CPC Class Codes: A63B 71/0686 Timers, rhythm indicators or pacing apparatus using electric or electronic means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/905 Feedback to patient of biological signal other than brain electric signal

Abstract

A method for interactively entraining a patient'"'"'s heart rate to a target rate or frequency includes the steps of determining the patient'"'"'s heart rate through a heart rate monitor and exposing the patient to music having a tempo within approximately one (1) beat of the heart rate. The heart rate is again determined, and if it has changed the tempo of the music is likewise changed in order to be within approximately one (1) beat of the heart rate. The process is continued until the target rate is reached. Vibrational bass tones can be added to enhance the entrainment. Similar methods can be used to entrain respiration rate and fundamental brain wave frequencies, in the latter case using continuous tones of music having repetition frequencies within the entrainment range.

Claims

1. A method of interactively influencing a patient'"'"'s physiological process having a frequency, in order to change the frequency of the process to a target frequency, comprising the steps of:

ascertaining the frequency of the physiological process at a first point in time;

exposing the patient to rhythmic sound stimuli having a frequency within a predetermined entrainment range of the physiological process frequency;

ascertaining the frequency of the physiological process at a second point in time;

determining any change in frequency of the physiological process between the first point and second point in time;

adjusting the frequency of the rhythmic sound stimuli in response to the change of the physiological process frequency to bring the frequency of the rhythmic sound stimuli within the predetermined entrainment range;

exposing the patient to the rhythmic sound stimuli having its adjusted frequency.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the rhythmic sound stimuli comprises music.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of exposing the patient to tactile stimuli at a frequency approximately equal to the frequency of the rhythmic sound stimuli.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the physiological process frequency is the heart rate of the patient.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of exposing the patient to rhythmic sound stimuli includes exposing the patient to music which has a tempo of a frequency within the predetermined entrainment range.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of exposing the patient to rhythmic sound stimuli having a frequency within a predetermined entrainment range includes exposing the patient to music having a tempo which differs from the heart rate between 1 and 0.01 beats per minute.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of ascertaining the frequency of the physiological process at a third point in time, determining the change in frequency of the physiological process between the second point and third point in time, adjusting the frequency of the sound stimuli in response to the change in frequency of the physiological process to bring the frequency of the sound stimuli within the predetermined entrainment range, and exposing the patient to the sound stimuli with its adjusted frequency.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of exposing the patient to rhythmic sound stimuli includes exposing the subject to pre-programmed synthesizer music at a predetermined tempo.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprising the step of exposing the patient to tones having a frequency between approximately 20 and 30 Hz as the bass portion of the music.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the physiological process is the patient'"'"'s fundamental brain wave frequency.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the physiological process is the respiration rate of the patient.

12. A method of interactively entraining a physiological process having a determinable frequency in a patient toward a target frequency comprising the steps of:

making a first determination of the frequency of the physiological process;

presenting sound stimuli to the patient during a predetermined first time interval, the sound stimuli having a frequency within a predetermined entrainment range of the frequency of the physiological process;

making a second determination of the frequency of the physiological process, thereby determining the direction of and extent to which the physiological process frequency has varied from the time of the first determination;

changing the frequency of the sound stimuli to approximately the same extent and in the same direction as the change in frequency of the physiological process;

presenting the sound stimuli to the patient during a predetermined second time interval.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising the step of repeating the steps of the method until the frequency of the physiological process is approximately the same as the target frequency.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of making the frequency of the sound stimuli approximately the same as the target frequency.

15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of monitoring the frequency of the physiological process and changing the frequency of the sound stimuli to remain within the entrainment range of the physiological process frequency if the latter substantially deviates from the target frequency.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein the physiological process is the heartbeat of the patient, the frequency of the physiological process is the heart rate, the sound stimuli is music, and the frequency of the sound stimuli is the tempo of the music.

17. The method of claim 12 wherein the physiological process is the brain wave activity of the patient, the frequency of the physiological process is the frequency of a predetermined frequency component of the brain wave activity, the sound stimuli is a continuous tone, and the frequency of the sound stimuli is the frequency in Hertz units of the continuous tone.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the predetermined frequency component of the brain wave activity is the fundamental frequency of the brain wave.

19. The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of presenting music to the patient in conjunction with the continuous tone.

20. The method of claim 12 wherein the physiological process is the brain wave activity of the patient, the frequency of the physiological process is the frequency of a predetermined frequency component of the brain wave activity, the sound stimuli is a continuous fundamental tone together with harmonic overtones comprising whole number multiples of the fundamental tone thereby generating a repetition frequency, and the frequency of the sound stimuli is the repetition frequency.

21. The method of claim 12 wherein the physiological process is the brain wave activity of the patient, the frequency of the physiological process is the frequency of a predetermined frequency component of the brain wave activity, and the frequency of the sound stimuli is the beat frequency resulting from the simultaneous sounding of two pure tones that differ only minimally in their frequencies.

22. The method of claim 12 wherein the physiological process is the respiration of the patient, the frequency of the physiological process is the respiration rate of the patient, the sound stimuli is music, and the frequency of the sound stimuli is the tempo of the music.

23. A method of varying the heart rate of a person, the heart rate having a frequency, from a first heart rate frequency to a second heart rate frequency comprising the steps of:

(1) exposing the person to music having a tempo within an entrainment range of the first heart rate frequency;

(2) ascertaining the change, if any, in the person'"'"'s heart rate frequency;

(3) determining whether the music tempo is still within an entrainment range of the heart rate frequency and if so, changing the tempo to fall once again within an entrainment range of the heart rate frequency;

(4) exposing the person to the music with the changed tempo;

(5) repeating steps (1) through (4) until the heart rate frequency reaches the second heart rate frequency.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising the step of exposing the person to low frequency tones corresponding to the bass part of the music.

25. The method of claim 23 further comprising the step of exposing the person to tactile stimulation corresponding to the tempo of the music.

26. The method of claim 23 wherein the entrainment range is 0.19 beats per minute.

27. The method of claim 23 wherein the tempo of the music differs from the heart rate by a maximum of 0.19 beats per minute.

28. A method of changing a component brain wave frequency of a person from a first frequency to a target frequency comprising the steps of:

(1) determining the first frequency of the component frequency at a first point in time;

(2) subjecting the person to a first sound tone having a frequency near the first frequency;

(3) determining the frequency of the component frequency at a second point in time;

(4) subjecting the person to a second sound tone in place of the first sound tone, the second sound tone having a frequency near the frequency of the component frequency as determined at the second point in time;

(5) repeating steps (1) through (4) until the component frequency approximates the target frequency;

wherein the sound tones are continuous fundamental tones, together with harmonic overtones comprising whole number multiples of the fundamental tones, thereby generating a repetition frequency, and wherein the frequencies of the sound tones are the repetition frequencies.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein the component frequency is the fundamental brain wave frequency.

30. The method of claim 28 wherein the first and second sound tones each have a frequency within the entrainment range of the component frequency.

31. The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of subjecting the person to music in combination with the sound tones.

32. The method of claim 28 wherein the sound tones each comprise the beat frequency resulting from the simultaneous sounding of two pure tones that differ only minimally in their frequencies.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the two pure tones differ approximately between 0.2 and 3.0 Hz.

34. The method of claim 32 wherein the two pure tones each have frequencies of between approximately 20 to 90 Hz.