Capillary array confocal fluorescence scanner and method

• US 5,274,240 A
• Filed: 02/24/1992
• Issued: 12/28/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 01/12/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Quesada, Mark A., Huang, Xiaohua C., Mathies, Richard A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hannaher, Constantine
• Assistant Examiner(s): Glick, Edward J.
• Application Number:
  US07/840,501
• Time in Patent Office: 673 Days
• Field of Search: 250/458.1, 250/459.1, 250/461.1, 250/461.2, 356/344, 204/180.1, 204/182.1, 204/299 R, 204/182.8
• US Class Current: 250/458.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6421 Measuring at two or more wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6439 with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6476 Front end, i.e. backscatter, geometry
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6428 Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" in vivo A61B5/00; immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/645 Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6452 Individual samples arranged in a regular 2D-array, e.g. multiwell plates
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6456 Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6458 Fluorescence microscopy fluorescence microscopes per se G02B21/0076 and G02B21/16
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/44721 by optical means
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/466 with separation columns in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/74 Optical detectors measurement of intensity, velocity, spectral content, polarisation, or phase of infrared, visible or ultraviolet light G01J
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/95 Detectors specially adapted therefor; Signal analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/0028 specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for endoscopes, ophthalmoscopes, attachments to conventional microscopes
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/004 fixed arrays, e.g. switchable aperture arrays
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/0076 arrangements using fluorescence or luminescence

Abstract

A laser-excited capillary array scanner including a plurality of capillaries having a parallel, side-by-side, coplanar relationship and a laser-excited confocal fluorescence detector for detecting fluorescence from selected interior volumes of each of the capillaries sequentially and repetitively during electrophoresis or other separation method. The invention also relates to a method of analyzing a plurality of capillaries, with a single scanner, by scanning a plurality of capillary passages in side-by-side relationship, and periodically and repetitively detecting fluorescence from each capillary passage during electrophoresis or other separation method.

Claims

1. A scanner for exciting and detecting radiation from a plurality of adjacent capillary passages comprising

a plurality of side-by-side capillary passages disposed in a plane,

a source of radiant energy of a first wavelength,

an objective lens for receiving and focusing said radiant energy at an excitation volume in the plane of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages,

means for moving said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages so that said excitation volume sequentially and repetitively is within one of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages to excite material in said one passage and cause the material to radiate energy at a different wavelength,

said objective lens serving to collect the radiated energy of said different wavelength and direct it to an optical system which includes confocal spatial and spectral filter means to transmit said radiated energy at said different wavelength and reject radiation at other wavelengths,

a detection system for receiving said radiated energy and generating a signal, and

computer means for receiving and processing said signal to provide an output representative of the material at the excitation volume in each of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages.

2. A scanner as in claim 1 in which said means for moving said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages is controlled by said computer, whereby the output is correlated with the individual passages in said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages.

3. A scanner as in claim 2 in which each of the capillary passages of the plurality of side-by-side capillary passages is part of an elongated cylindrical capillary.

4. A scanner as in claim 3 including means for holding a region of the cylindrical capillaries in side-by-side co-planar relationship for presentation to the focused radiant energy.

5. A scanner as in claim 4 in which the ends of said capillaries are separable for individual manipulation and loading.

6. A scanner as in claim 1 in which said means for moving the plurality of side-by-side capillary passages moves them continuously whereby to scan a band in each capillary of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages.

7. A scanner as in claim 1 in which said means for moving said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages steps the individual capillary passages into said excitation volume.

8. An apparatus for exciting and detecting radiation from sample material in capillary passages comprising

means for presenting a plurality of capillary passages in side-by-side coplanar relationship,

radiation means for exciting sample material in said plurality of side-by-side coplanar capillary passages with radiation of a first wavelength;

means for moving said plurality of side-by-side coplanar capillary passages to sequentially and repetitively excite sample material in each passage of said plurality of side-by-side coplanar capillary passages with said radiation,

means for collecting radiation emitted from said sample material,

means for detecting radiation emitted by the sample material in said plurality of side-by-side coplanar capillary passages responsive to said radiation at a first wavelength, and

computer means for processing the detected emitted radiation and for controlling said moving means to providing a two-dimensional output representative of the sample material in said plurality of side-by-side coplanar capillary passages as a function of time and position.

9. A scanner as in claim 8 in which each of said capillary passages of said plurality of said capillary passages is part of an elongated cylindrical capillary.

10. A scanner as in claim 9 including means for holding a region of said elongated cylindrical capillaries in side-by-side coplanar relationship for presentation to the radiant energy.

11. A scanner as in claim 8 in which the ends of said cylindrical capillaries is independently manipulatable.

12. A scanner for detection of fluorescently labeled analytes which can be separated in small diameter capillaries comprising

a plurality of capillaries each for separating a fluorescently labeled analyte

a source of radiant energy having an excitation wavelength which excites fluorescence from said labeled analyte,

lens means for focusing said radiant energy to a small volume and for collecting fluorescence from said volume

means for sequentially and repetitively presenting a region of said plurality of capillaries to said small volume of radiant energy whereby to cause fluorescence of the fluorescently labeled analyte at said volume, and;

means for receiving the collected fluorescence and providing an output representative of the analyte at said small volume of the presented region of said plurality of capillaries.

13. A scanner as in claim 12 in which said lens means comprises an objective lens forming a part of a confocal optical detection assembly including a spatial filter.

14. A scanner as in claim 13 in which said optical detection system includes spectral filters for rejecting energy at said excitation wavelength.

15. A method of detecting fluorescence from DNA sequencing fragments electrophoretically separated in a plurality of capillaries which comprises

positioning a region of said plurality of capillaries in side-by-side coplanar relationship

exciting a predetermined volume sequentially and repetitively in individual capillaries with light energy of predetermined wavelength focused therein by an objective lens to cause fragments to fluoresce and emit light at a different wavelength,

collecting the fluorescently emitted light from said predetermined volumes in each of said capillaries with said objective lens,

spectrally and spatially filtering said fluorescently emitted light of different wavelength to reject light at said predetermined wavelength and pass said fluorescently emitted light;

and,

applying the filtered fluorescently emitted light to a detector to generate an output signal representative of the fluorescence from said fragments in said predetermined volume in each of said capillaries.

16. The method of claim 15 in which the ends of the capillaries are separated for rapid parallel loading of sequencing fragments into the capillaries.

17. A scanner for exciting and detecting radiation from a plurality of adjacent capillary passages comprising

a plurality of side-by-side capillary passages disposed in a plane,

a source of radiant energy of a first wavelength,

an objective lens for receiving and focusing said radiant energy at an excitation volume in the plane of said passages,

a beamsplitter for directing said radiant energy to the objective lens to excite said excitation volume with energy at said first wavelength,

means for moving said passages so that said excitation volume sequentially and repetitively is within one of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages to excite material in said passage and cause the material to radiate energy at a different wavelength,

said objective lens serving to collect said the radiated energy of said different wavelength and direct it through said beamsplitter which passes radiated energy at said different wavelength to an optical system which includes a confocal spatial filter and spectral filter to transmit said radiated energy at said different wavelength and reject radiation at other wavelengths,

a detection system for receiving said radiated energy and generating a signal, and

computer means for receiving and processing said signal to provide an output representative of the material at the excitation volume in each of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages.

18. A scanner as in claim 17 in which said means for moving said passages is controlled by said computer, whereby the output is correlated with each of said capillary passages of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages.

19. A scanner as in claim 18 in which said means for moving the plurality of side-by-side capillary passages moves said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages continuously whereby to scan a band in each of said capillary passages.

20. A scanner as in claim 18 in which each of the capillary passages of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages is part of an elongated cylindrical capillary.

21. A scanner as in claim 20 including means for holding a region of the cylindrical capillaries in side-by-side co-planar relationship for presentation to the focused radiant energy.

22. A scanner as in claim 21 in which the ends of said cylindrical capillaries is separable for individual manipulation and loading.

23. A scanner as in claim 17 in which said means for moving said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages steps the plurality of side-by-side capillary passages into said excitation volume.

24. A method of detecting fluorescence from DNA sequencing fragments electrophoretically separated in a plurality of capillaries which comprises

positioning a region of said plurality of capillaries in side-by-side coplanar relationship

exciting a predetermined volume in each of said capillaries sequentially and repetitively with light energy of predetermined wavelength focused therein by an objective lens to cause fragments to fluoresce and emit light at a different wavelength,

collecting the fluorescently emitted light from said predetermined volumes in each of said capillaries with said objective lens,

spectrally and spatially filtering said fluorescently emitted light energy of different wavelength to reject light at said predetermined wavelength and scattered light, and pass said emitted light of different wavelength;

and,

applying the filtered emitted light of different wavelength to a detector to generate an output signal representative of the fluorescence from said fragments in said volume of each of said capillaries.

25. The method of claim 24 in which the ends of the capillaries are separated for rapid parallel loading of sequencing fragments into the capillaries.

26. A scanner for exciting and detecting radiation from a plurality of adjacent capillary passages comprising

a plurality of side-by-side capillary passages disposed in a plane,

a source of radiant energy of a first wavelength,

an objective lens for receiving and focusing said radiant energy at an excitation volume in the plane of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages,

means for moving said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages so that said excitation volume sequentially and repetitively is within one of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages to excite material in said one passage and cause the material to radiate energy at a plurality of different wavelengths,

said objective lens serving to collect the radiated energy of said different wavelengths and direct it to an optical system including a plurality of dichroic beam splitters for selectively directing the radiated energy of each of said different wavelengths to a different location, a plurality of sets of spatial and spectral filter means one for each of said different wavelengths, and a plurality of detection means, one for each set of spatial and spectral filter means, for receiving the radiated energy of each different wavelength and providing corresponding output signals, and

computer means for receiving and processing said signals to provide an output representative of the material at the excitation volume in each of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages.

27. A scanner for exciting and detecting radiation from a plurality of adjacent capillary passages comprising

a plurality of side-by-side capillary passages disposed in a plane,

a source of radiant energy of a first wavelength,

an objective lens for receiving and focusing said radiant energy at an excitation volume in the plane of said passages,

a beamsplitter for directing said radiant energy to the objective lens to excite said excitation volume with energy at said first wavelength,

means for moving said passages so that said excitation volume sequentially and repetitively is within one of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages to excite material in said passage and cause the material to radiate energy at different wavelengths,

said objective lens serving to collect the radiated energy of said different wavelengths and direct it through said beamsplitter which passes radiated energy at said different wavelengths to an optical system which includes a plurality of additional beamsplitters, spatial and spectral filter means for selectively directing the radiated emitted energy of different wavelengths to different locations and a plurality of detection means each receiving emitted energy at one of said different wavelengths and providing corresponding output signals, and

computer means for receiving and processing said signals to provide an output representative of the material at the excitation volume in each of said plurality of side-by-side capillary passages.

28. A method of detecting fluorescence from DNA sequencing fragments electrophoretically separated in a plurality of capillaries which comprises

positioning a region of said plurality of capillaries in side-by-side coplanar relationship,

exciting a predetermined volume in each of said capillaries sequentially and repetitively with light energy of predetermined wavelength focused therein by an objective lens to cause fragments to fluoresce and emit light at different wavelengths,

collecting the fluorescently emitted light at different wavelengths from said predetermined volumes in each of said capillaries with said objective lens,

spectrally and spatially filtering said fluorescently emitted light energy of different wavelengths to reject light at said predetermined wavelength and scattered light, and pass said emitted light of different wavelengths;

and,

applying the filtered emitted light of different wavelengths to detectors to generate an output signal representative of the fluorescence from said fragments in said volume of each of said capillaries at each of said different wavelengths.