Broadband direction finding system
First Claim
1. A method of operating a direction finding system with a circular antenna array and a circular lens, to determine the direction of a signal received by the system, comprising the steps of:
- a) comparing the strength of a first signal at the center of the lens and the strength of a second signal formed by the lens; and
b) when the strength of the second signal formed by the lens is of the same order of magnitude as the strength of the first signal at the center of the lens, using the second signal formed by the lens for computing the direction of the received signal.
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Abstract
An amplitude monopulse direction finding system is disclosed. The system is built around a circular array with a circular lens in which the antenna elements and array ports are larger than in conventional systems. The oversized antenna elements and array ports provide a wide range of operating frequencies for the direction finding system. Additionally, the direction finding system contains an omni-directional probe at the center of the lens to detect the presence of signals. In an alternative embodiment, each array port is split into two halves which can be combined in different ways to produce different beam patterns, allowing the beam pattern providing the best signal to noise ratio to be selected. Also, built-in-test circuitry is described.
32 Citations
21 Claims
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1. A method of operating a direction finding system with a circular antenna array and a circular lens, to determine the direction of a signal received by the system, comprising the steps of:
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a) comparing the strength of a first signal at the center of the lens and the strength of a second signal formed by the lens; and b) when the strength of the second signal formed by the lens is of the same order of magnitude as the strength of the first signal at the center of the lens, using the second signal formed by the lens for computing the direction of the received signal. - View Dependent Claims (3, 7)
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2. A radio frequency system adapted for operation with signals having frequencies within a predetermined bandwidth, such predetermined bandwidth extending from a lowest frequency fL to a highest frequency fh comprising:
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a circular array of antenna elements, the center-to-center spacing between the antenna elements measured along the outer circumference of the circular array being 3.5 λ
H, where λ
H =c/fH and where c is equal to the speed of light in free space; and
additionally comprising;a circular lens means, having a plurality of circularly disposed array ports disposed along an outer periphery of the lens means, for coupling energy fed to one of such array ports, through the lens means, to other ones of the array ports, each one of the plurality of array ports being coupled to a corresponding one of the antenna elements. - View Dependent Claims (4, 5, 6)
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8. A direction finding system adapted for operation with signals having frequencies within a predetermined bandwidth, such predetermined bandwidth extending from a lowest frequency FL to a highest frequency fH comprising:
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a circular array of antenna elements, the spacing between antenna elements exceeding λ
H where λ
H =c/fH, and where c is equal to the speed of light in free space; and
additionally comprising;a circular lens means, having a plurality of array ports disposed along an outer periphery of the lens means, for coupling energy fed to one of such array ports, through the lens means, to other ones of the array ports, wherein each one of the antenna elements is electrically connected to a corresponding one of said plurality of array ports. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. An antenna system adapted for operating on radio frequency signals having frequencies within a predetermined bandwidth, such predetermined bandwidth extending from a lowest frequency fL to a highest frequency fH comprising:
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a) a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a circular array, such antenna elements having a center-to-center spacing greater than λ
H, where λ
H =c/fH and where c is the speed of light in free space, each one of the antenna elements having an antenna element radiation pattern which varies with the frequency of the radio frequency signals;b) a radio frequency lens means having a plurality of array ports disposed about an outer periphery of such lens for coupling an RF signal at one of the array ports to selected other ones of the array ports to produce an array port radiation pattern, such array port radiation pattern being coupled through the lens to an opposing selected portion of other ones of the array ports, the portion of such other ones of the array port having energy coupled thereto being a function of the frequency of the RF signal such that the width of the array port radiation pattern varies inversely with increasing frequency, and the width of the antenna element radiation pattern varies inversely with increasing frequency, to produce an antenna pattern for the antenna system which is constant over the predetermined bandwidth. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. A direction finding system comprising:
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a) a circular lens having a plurality of array ports; b) means, having two inputs, for computing the amplitude monopulse ratio of the signals at the inputs; c) first switching means for coupling a selected one of the array ports to a first one of the inputs of the computing means; d) second switching means for coupling a selected different one of the array ports to a second one of the inputs of the computing means; e) means for coupling a test signal to the first switching means and to the first one of the inputs of the computing means and for controlling the first switching means to couple the test signal to the first selected one of the array ports and for controlling the second switching means to connect the selected different one of the array ports to the second input of the computing means. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21)
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Specification