Liquid level sensing method and device

• US 5,275,951 A
• Filed: 09/03/1992
• Issued: 01/04/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/13/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Abbott Laboratories
• Original Assignee: Abbott Laboratories
• Inventors: Wilson, Thomas J., Kotlarik, John J., Chow, Herbert S., Wroblewski, Mieczyslaw, McCoy, Jimmy D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Housel, James C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Carpenter, Robert
• Application Number:
  US07/939,570
• Time in Patent Office: 488 Days
• Field of Search: 422/67, 422/100, 422/106, 73/290 R, 73/304 C, 73/864.02, 73/864.24, 137/392, 436/50
• US Class Current: 436/50
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/0262 using touch-off at substrate or container
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5085 for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/1468 with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/042 moved independently, e.g. by fork manipulator
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/0425 Stacks, magazines or elevators for plates
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/0491 Position sensing, encoding; closed-loop control
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/1018 Detecting inhomogeneities, e.g. foam, bubbles, clots
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/1025 Fluid level sensing
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/1034 Transferring microquantities of liquid
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/82 producing a precipitate or turbidity
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0446 Multicell plate, sequential
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0461 Simultaneous, e.g. video imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0492 Automatised microscope
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/0095 introducing urgent samples with priority, e.g. Short Turn Around Time Samples [STATS]
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/0098 involving analyte bound to insoluble magnetic carrier, e.g. using magnetic separation magnetic particles used in immunoassays G01N33/54326; magnetic separation in general B03C
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/028 having reaction cells in the form of microtitration plates
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/1004 Cleaning sample transfer devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/109 with two horizontal degrees of freedom
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 7/28 Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/7306 Electrical characteristic sensing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/115831 : Condition or time responsive

Abstract

An apparatus is provided which includes a reaction cartridge having a plurality of reaction wells having different reagents disposed thereon, at least one well adapted to receive a sample, a well containing particles adapted to bind to the sample and which have the capability of being separated from cells which are not bound to the separation particles and at least one fluorophore adapted to bind to a specific type of cell in the sample, and a wash area adapted for washing a probe. An image forming device is provided to detect images which indicate whether specific reactions have occurred in each of the reaction wells. The apparatus also includes a mechanism for dispensing and aspirating liquids including a mechanism for detecting liquid levels. The device further includes logic for analyzing the information received from the image detection apparatus and processing the information to generate a visual indication of the results of the assays being performed. A microprocessor is provided to assist in the operation of the device as well as in the image processing.

Claims

1. A method for sensing the level of a liquid in a container relative to a dispensing probe, said method comprising:

spacing the probe and a receiving antenna a fixed distance apart such that the container may be inserted into a space between the probe and the receiving antenna;

inserting a container with fluid therein into the space;

applying a radio frequency signal to the probe whereby it radiates a radio frequency signal that is sensed by the receiving antenna;

moving the container relative to the probe;

converting the signal sensed by the receiving antenna into a further signal representing the magnitude of the sensed signal; and

,

analyzing the further signal to determine changes in the magnitude of the sensed signal as an indication of the level of the liquid in the container as the container is moved relative to the probe.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 and further comprising controlling movement of said container in accordance with changes in the magnitude of the sensed signal.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of converting the signal sensed by the receiving antenna into a further signal comprises converting the sensed signal into a digital signal.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of converting the signal sensed by the receiving antenna comprises rectifying the sensed signal to produce a DC signal and converting the DC signal to a digital signal.

5. A method as claimed in claim 2 and further comprising the step of:

determining the time rate of change of said further signal as the container is moved relative to the probe.

6. A liquid level sensing device for sensing the level of a liquid in a container relative to a dispensing probe, said device comprising:

a receiving antenna spaced a fixed distance from said probe such that the container may be inserted between the probe and the receiving antenna;

means for inserting the container into the space and moving it relative to the probe;

a radio frequency signal generator means connected to the probe whereby the probe radiates a radio frequency signal that is sensed by the receiving antenna;

converter means for converting the signal sensed by the receiving antenna into a further signal representing the magnitude of the sensed signal; and

,

analyzer means for analyzing the further signal to determine changes in the magnitude of the sensed signal as an indication of the level of the liquid in the container as the container is moved relative to the probe.

7. A liquid level sensing device as claimed in claim 6 and further comprising means responsive to said analyzer means for controlling movement of said container.

8. A liquid level sensing device as claimed in claim 6 wherein said converter means includes means for converting the sensed signal into a digital signal.

9. A liquid level sensing device as claimed in claim 6 wherein said converter means comprises a rectifier for converting the sensed signal to a DC signal and means for converting the DC signal to a digital signal.

10. A liquid level sensing device as claimed in claim 7 wherein the means for moving the container relative to the probe comprises means for moving the container toward and away from the probe.

11. A liquid level sensing device as claimed in claim 7 wherein the means for analyzing the further signal comprises means for determining the time rate of change of the further signal.

12. A liquid level sensing device as claimed in claim 6 wherein the radio frequency signal generator means comprises means for generating a sine wave.

13. A liquid level sensing device as claimed in claim 6 wherein the radio frequency signal generator means comprises means for generating square wave pulses at a radio frequency.

14. A liquid level sensing device for sensing the level of a liquid in a container relative to a dispensing probe and controlling motion of the container relative to the probe, said device comprising:

a receiving antenna spaced a fixed distance from said probe such that the container may be inserted between the probe and the receiving antenna;

a radio frequency signal generator means connected to the probe whereby the probe radiates a radio frequency signal that is sensed by the receiving antenna;

converter means for converting the signal sensed by the receiving antenna into a digital signal representing the magnitude of the sensed signal as an indication of the level of the liquid in the container; and

,

means responsive to the digital signal for controlling movement of the container relative to the dispensing probe along at least one axis.

15. A liquid level sensing device as claimed in claim 14 wherein the container is a multi-container or reaction well cartridge, and said means responsive to the digital signal for controlling movement of the container comprises means for moving said container along three mutually perpendicular axes.