Method and apparatus using photoresistive materials as switchable EMI barriers and shielding

• US 5,278,562 A
• Filed: 08/07/1992
• Issued: 01/11/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 08/07/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Dynamics Corporation
• Original Assignee: Hughes Missile Systems Company
• Inventors: Martin, Michael T., Duhl, Michael L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hellner, Mark
• Application Number:
  US07/927,703
• Time in Patent Office: 522 Days
• Field of Search: 342/1, 342/2, 342/4, 343/872, 343/705, 343/841, 343/873, 343/700 MS, 343/911 R, 343/912, 343/913
• US Class Current: 342/1
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 17/007 with means for controlling the absorption
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/44 varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element

Abstract

A method and apparatus for providing a switchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) barrier. The method protects an object against electromagnetic radiation, through the steps of: providing an object to be protected from electromagnetic radiation; placing a barrier sheet adjacent to the object, the sheet being opaque to radiation when exposed to light; directing the light against the sheet when a barrier to the radiation is desired; and extinguishing the light when passage of the radiation through the sheet is desired. One embodiment is a switchable electromagnetic radiation barrier system that includes a photoresistive sheet interposed between a source of electromagnetic radiation and an object to be protected from the radiation. This sheet is opaque to the radiation when exposed to light of a selected visible intensity range. A light source adjacent to this sheet directs the light against the sheet. A second embodiment is an apparatus for protecting an EMI-sensitive device in an air vehicle from external electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The apparatus includes: a cavity in an air vehicle; an EMI-sensitive device in the cavity; and a barrier window covering the cavity. The window includes a support sheet having a layer of photoresistive material. This material transmits EMR when exposed to light and does not transmit EMR when unlighted. A light source is provided to selectively illuminate the layer. Another embodiment is an antenna element of layered sandwich construction, including a polyimide film layer. Switchable means are used in the embodiments to turn the light source off and on.

Claims

1. A method of protecting an object against electromagnetic radiation, which comprises the steps of:

providing an object to be protected from electromagnetic radiation;

placing a barrier sheet adjacent to said object, said sheet including a layer of a photoresistive material which is opaque to said radiation when exposed to visible light;

directing said light against said sheet when a barrier to said radiation is desired; and

extinguishing said light when passage of said radiation through said sheet is desired.

2. A switchable electromagnetic radiation barrier system, which comprises:

a photoresistive sheet interposed between a source of electromagnetic radiation and an object to be protected from said radiation;

said sheet including a layer of a photoresistive material which is transparent to said radiation in the absence of light and opaque to said radiation when exposed to visible light;

a light source in approximate vicinity to said sheet adapted to direct said light against said sheet; and

means for turning said light source off and on.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said radiation has a range of frequencies from approximately 2-18 GHz.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said sheet is a polyimide film of thickness 0.002 inches (0.005 centimeters).

5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said layer of a photoresistive material is from about 50,000 to 100,000 angstroms thick.

6. The photoresistive material coating according to claim 5, wherein said layer is a coating applied to a first side of said polyimide film, said first side being exposed to said light source.

7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said photoresistive material layer comprises a chemical compound selected from the group consisting of:

Cadmium Sulfide, Cadmium Selenide, Tellurium Sulfide, Tellurium Selenide, Lead Indium, Zinc Sulfide, Zinc Selenide, Zinc Telluride, Lead Sulfide, Lead Selenide, Lead Telluride, and mixtures thereof.

8. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said sheet further carries a protective coating comprising SiO₂.

9. Apparatus for protecting an electromagnetic interference (EMI) sensitive device in an air vehicle from external electromagnetic radiation (EMR) which comprises:

a cavity in an air vehicle;

an EMI-sensitive device in said cavity;

a barrier window covering said cavity;

said window comprising a support sheet having a photoresistive material coating thereon;

said material coating transmitting EMR when exposed to light and not transmitting EMR when unlighted;

a light source adapted to selectively illuminate said coating; and

switchable means to turn said light off and on.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said light source is a fluorescent lamp.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said light source power is approximately 30 watts.

12. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said photoresistive material coating comprises a chemical compound selected from the group consisting of:

Cadmium Sulfide, Cadmium Selenide, Tellurium Sulfide, Tellurium Selenide, Lead Indium, Zinc Sulfide, Zinc Selenide, Zinc Telluride, Lead Sulfide, Lead Selenide, Lead Telluride and mixtures thereof.

13. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said photosensitive material coating further carries a protective coating comprising SiO₂.

14. An antenna of layered sandwich construction, which comprises:

a thin film electro-illuminescent solid state lamp and antenna ground plane layer;

a transparent dielectric sandwich layer;

a polyimide film layer with a photoresistive material coating;

a polyurethane topcoat layer; and

a protective SiO2 coating layer.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said photoresistive material coating has a thickness about 50,000 to 100,000 angstroms.

16. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said photoresistive material coating is applied to the side of said polyimide film adjacent to said lamp.

17. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said photoresistive material coating comprises a chemical compound selected from the group consisting of:

Cadmium Sulfide, Cadmium Selenide, Tellurium Sulfide, Tellurium Selenide, Lead Indium, Zinc Sulfide, Zinc Selenide, Zinc Telluride, Lead Sulfide, Lead Selenide, Lead Telluride, and mixtures thereof.

18. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said transparent dielectric sandwich layer includes a microstrip antenna.