Multiwavelength data communication fiber link

• US 5,278,687 A
• Filed: 04/05/1991
• Issued: 01/11/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 10/18/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sanwa Bank California (BNP Paribas S.A.)
• Original Assignee: Physical Optics Corporation
• Inventors: Kim, Richard C., Shirk, Kevin W., Moslehi, Behzad M. R., Jannson, Tomasz P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chilcot, Jr., Richard E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BACARES, RAFAEL D
• Application Number:
  US07/681,128
• Time in Patent Office: 1,012 Days
• Field of Search: 359/124, 359/129, 359/130, 359/131, 359/193, 359/8, 359/575, 359/615, 359/569, 385/123, 385/42, 385/46
• US Class Current: 398/79
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/44 Raman spectrometry; Scattering spectrometry ; Fluorescence spectrometry
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/02 Wavelength-division multiplex systems

Abstract

An optical multi-channel data communication link transmits data from a transmitter to a remote receiver. The link includes a multimode laser diode source connected to the transmitter, a device for modulating the source with each channel of data to generate a modulated light wave, and a wavelength division multiplexing device at the transmitter. The wavelength division multiplexing device has paraxial optics for multiplexing the light waves to produce a multiplexed signal. Multimode fiber optic means are connected to the multiplexer and pass the multiplexed signal to the remote receiver. A wavelength division multiplexer has paraxial optics for demultiplexing the multiplexed signals at the receiver to produce demultiplexed light waves. Each of the demultiplexed light waves are converted for use by the receiver. Preferably, each of the wavelength division multiplexer and demultiplexer has a littrow reflecting grating and a lens which are paraxially aligned with the multimode fiber optic means to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm.

Claims

1. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting data from a transmitter to a remote receiver, said link comprising a laser diode source coupled to said transmitter;

means for converting each channel of data to a light wave from said source;

wavelength division multiplexer means, at the transmitter, having paraxial optics for multiplexing the light waves to provide a multiplexed signal;

fiber optic means, connected to the multiplexer means, for passing the multiplexed signal to the remote receiver;

wavelength division demultiplexer means having paraxial optics for demultiplexing the multiplexed signal at the receiver to produce demultiplexed light waves at the receiver; and

means for reconverting each of the demultiplexed light waves for use by the receiver;

said wavelength division multiplexer means and demultiplexer means having fibers, a littrow reflection grating, and lens means which are paraxially aligned with said fiber optic means, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

2. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the means for modulating comprises a laser diode per channel within a single window of 750 to 850 nm wavelengths and channel separation of 10 to 30 nm.

4. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the means for converting comprises a laser diode per channel within a single window of wavelengths near 1300 nm and channel separation of 10 to 30 nm.

5. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the means for converting comprises an edge emitting LED per channel within a single window of wavelengths near 800 nm and channel separation of 10 to 30 nm.

6. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the means for converting comprises an edge emitting LED per channel within a single window of wavelengths near 1300 nm and channel separation of 10 to 30 nm.

7. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the means for multiplexing comprises a wavelength division multiplexer having a broadband reflection grating with uniform wavelength characteristics.

8. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 or claim 6 wherein the means for converting and means for reconverting are analog processing circuits.

9. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 or claim 6 wherein the means for converting and means for reconverting are digital processing circuits.

10. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 or claim 6 wherein the means for converting and means for reconverting are digital processing circuits for a number of the channels and are analog processing circuits for the remaining channels.

11. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the means for converting comprises a laser diode per channel within the dual wavelength windows of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, respectively.

12. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 further comprising electronic feedback compensation means for reducing temperature sensitivity of the link.

13. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the fiber optic means comprises a multimode fiber having a core/cladding ratio of 50/125, 62.5/125, 80/125, 100/140, 200/380, or other core/cladding ratios close to 0.5, preferably within the range:

0.3-0.85.

14. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein said fiber optic means has at least two fibers of equal diameter so that substantially all total internal reflection (TIR) angles are filled during operation so that modal partition noise and sensitivity to mechanical disturbance are minimized.

15. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the means for reconverting comprises a photodetector for each channel.

16. The multichannel data communication link of claim 15 wherein the photodetectors are located at the output of the wavelength division multiplexer means and connected directly thereto.

17. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the link transmits three channels which are converted to 750 nm, 780 nm, and 810 nm wavelengths.

18. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the multiplexer means comprises a surface relief grating.

19. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the multiplexer means is a photoresist grating.

31. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 1 wherein the fiber optic means comprises a single-mode fiber wherein the fiber parameters of core diameter b and cladding diameter d, fiber loss, length L, numerical aperture NA, and tolerance dx;

the light source parameters of source power P;

frequency dv and wavelength control dλ and

wavelength shift coefficient k.sub.λ

;

the grating parameters of grating dispersion, coefficient K.sub.λ

, Littrow angle α

, resolution 1/Λ

, grating constant Λ

, DCG refractive index n, and grating optical density O.D.;

the lens parameters of focal length L and diameter D;

signal dispersion; and

general link parameters of power budget, power margin BER, data rate per channel and aggregate data rate are all optimized to minimize cross-talk.

3. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting data from a transmitter to a remote receiver;

said link comprising a source connected to said transmitter;

means for converting each channel of data to a modulated light wave from said source;

wavelength division multiplexer means, at the transmitter, having paraxial optics for multiplexing the light waves to produce a multiplexed signal;

multimode fiber optic means, connected to the multiplexer means, for passing the multiplexed signal to the remote receiver;

wavelength division demultiplexer means having paraxial optics for demultiplexing the multiplexed signal at the receiver to produce demultiplexed light waves at the receiver; and

means for reconverting each of the demultiplexed light waves for use by the receiver;

said wavelength division multiplexer means and demultiplexer means having a littrow reflection grating and lens means which are paraxially aligned with said multimode fiber optic means to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm;

wherein the means for converting comprises an LED or an edge emitting LED having wavelength separation, Δ

λ

, and linewidth, δ

λ

, such that δ

λ

/Δ

λ

≦

2(1-d/b), where d is the fiber core diameter and b is the cladding diameter.

20. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting data from a transmitter to a remote receiver, said link comprising a laser diode source coupled to said transmitter;

means for modulating said source with each channel of data to generate a modulated light wave;

wavelength division multiplexer means, at the transmitter, having paraxial optics for multiplexing the light waves to produce a multiplexed signal;

fiber optic means, connected to the multiplexer means, for passing the multiplexed signal to the remote receiver;

wavelength division demultiplexer means having paraxial optics for demultiplexing the multiplexed signal at the receiver to produce demultiplexed light waves at the receiver; and

means for reconverting each of the demultiplexed light waves for use by the receiver;

said fiber optic means comprising a single-mode fiber;

said wavelength division multiplexer means and demultiplexer means having fibers, a littrow reflection grating, and lens means which are paraxially aligned with said single-mode fiber optic means, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

21. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 20 wherein an optical delay line per channel compensates for interwavelength fiber dispersion.

22. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 20 wherein the single-mode fiber has a core/cladding ratio of 9/125μ

.

23. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 20 wherein the wavelength division multiplexer means comprises a Littrow volume holographic grating which preserves polarization.

24. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 20 wherein the means for modulating comprises a distributed feedback laser.

25. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 24 wherein the number of channels exceeds 20 and further comprising means for limiting cross-talk to less than -20 dB.

26. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting data from a transmitter to a remote receiver, said link comprising a multimode laser diode source coupled to said transmitter;

means for converting each channel of data to a light wave from said source;

wavelength division multiplexer means, at the transmitter, having paraxial optics for multiplexing the light waves to produce a multiplexed signal;

multimode fiber optic means, connected to the multiplexer means, for passing the multiplexed signal to the remote receiver;

wavelength division demultiplexer means having paraxial optics for demultiplexing the multiplexed signal at the receiver to produce demultiplexed light waves at the receiver; and

means for reconverting each of the demultiplexed light waves for use by the receiver;

said wavelength division multiplexer means and demultiplexer means having fibers, a littrow reflection grating, and a lens which are paraxially aligned with said fiber optic means, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

27. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 26, the lens replaced by a collimating mirror.

28. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 26, wherein the lens is a GRIN lens.

29. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 26 wherein the fibers comprise an input fiber and a plurality of output fibers, all said fibers being in alignment.

30. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 26 wherein the input fiber is not in alignment with the output fibers.

32. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting a multichannel signal from a source to a remote receiver, said link comprising transmitter means, optical path means, and receiver means;

said transmitter means comprising a laser diode source, means for converting each channel of the signal to a light wave from the source, and wavelength dispersive means for multiplexing the light waves;

said optical path means transmitting at least as many wavelengths as the number of channels and connecting the transmitter means to the receiver means;

said receiver means comprising wavelength dispersive means for demultiplexing the light wave and detector means for detecting each of the demultiplexed light waves and reconverting the light waves for use by the remote receiver;

said wavelength dispersing means having fibers, a littrow reflection grating, and lens means which are paraxially aligned with the optical path means, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

35. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 32 wherein the laser diode means comprises standard laser diodes having wavelengths centered at 750, 780, 810, or 840 nm.

33. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting a multichannel signal from a source to a remote receiver, said link having a known wavelength shift, dλ

, and comprising transmitter means, optical path means, and receiver means;

said transmitter means comprising a source, laser diode means for modulating said source with each channel of the signal to generate a light wave, and wavelength dispersive means for multiplexing the light waves;

said optical path means transmitting at least as many wavelengths as the number of channels and connecting the transmitter means to the receiver means;

said receiver means comprising wavelength dispersive means for demultiplexing the light wave and detector means for detecting each of the demultiplexed light waves and converting the light waves for use by the remote receiver;

said wavelength dispersive means having fibers, a littrow reflection grating, and lens means which are paraxially aligned with the optical path means to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm

said link optimized so that the b/d ratio for said fibers is set equal to (b/d)_c wherein (b/d)_c is determined from the equation (b/d)_c =2-ζ

_d where b is the core to core distance between fibers and d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and wherein the (b/d)_c equation is solved for by substituting maximum loss, ζ

_max, from the equation ##EQU60##

34. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting a multichannel signal from a source to a remote receiver, said link comprising transmitter means, optical path means, and receiver means;

said transmitter means comprising a source, laser diode means for modulating said source with each channel of the signal to produce a modulated light wave, and wavelength dispersive means for multiplexing the light waves;

said optical path means transmitting at least as many wavelengths as the number of channels and connecting the transmitter means to the receiver means;

said receiver means comprising wavelength dispersive means for demultiplexing the light wave and detector means for detecting each of the demultiplexed light waves and reconverting the light waves for use by the remote receiver;

said wavelength dispersive means having fibers, a littrow reflection grating, lens means which are paraxially aligned with the optical path means to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm;

said link having a predetermined minimum dispersion loss, ζ

_d, in accordance with the equation ##EQU61## where ζ

_D is a function of b and d, and b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber core, and k is the wavelength tolerance shift.

36. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting a multichannel signal from a source to a remote receiver, said link comprising transmitter means, optical path means, and receiver means;

said transmitter means comprising a laser diode source, means for converting each channel of the signal to a light wave from said source, and wavelength dispersive means for multiplexing the light waves;

said optical path means transmitting at least as many wavelengths as the number of channels and connecting the transmitter means to the receiver means;

said receiver means comprising wavelength dispersive means for demultiplexing the light wave and detector means for detecting each of the demultiplexed light waves and reconverting the light waves for use by the remote receiver;

said wavelength dispersive means having a littrow reflection grating and lens means which are paraxially aligned with the optical path means to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm;

wherein the optical path means comprises fibers having a fiber geometry meeting the condition b/d=(b/d)_c, wherein b is the distance between adjacent fiber cores, d is the diameter of the core of the fiber, and (b/d)_c =1/(1-k_o) where ##EQU62## where Δ

λ

is the center wavelength separation of each light wave and dλ

_c is the maximum permissible wavelength variation from the center wavelength of each light wave.

37. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 36 wherein (b/c)_c is adjusted so that the tradeoff between cross-talk and insertion loss is minimized.

38. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting data from a transmitter to a remote receiver, said link comprising a laser diode source coupled to said transmitter, means for converting each channel of data to a light wave from said source;

wavelength division multiplexer means, at the transmitter, having paraxial optics, for multiplexing the light waves to produce a multiplexed signal;

fiber optic means, connected to the multiplexer means, for passing the multiplexed signal to the remote receiver;

wavelength division demultiplexer means having paraxial optics for demultiplexing the multiplexed signal at the receiver to produce demultiplexed light waves at the receiver; and

means for reconverting each of the demultiplexed light waves for use by the receiver;

said wavelength division multiplexer means and said wavelength division demultiplexer means comprising a wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer having paraxially aligned fibers, a lens, and a littrow reflection grating to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm, said fibers of said multiplexer having a b/d ratio different than the b/d ratio of said fibers of said demultiplexer, where b is the core to core distance between fibers and d is the diameter of the fiber core, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

39. An optical multichannel data communication link for transmitting data from a transmitter to a remote receiver, said link comprising a source connected to said transmitter, means for modulating said source with each channel of data to generate a modulate light wave;

wavelength division multiplexer means, at the transmitter, having paraxial optics for multiplexing the light waves to produce a multiplexed signal;

fiber optic means, connected to the multiplexer means, for passing the multiplexed signal to the remote receiver;

wavelength division demultiplexer means having paraxial optics for demultiplexing the multiplexed signal at the receiver to produce demultiplexed light waves at the receiver; and

means for converting each of the demultiplexed light waves for use by the receiver;

said wavelength division multiplexer means and said wavelength division demultiplexer means comprising a wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer having paraxially aligned fibers, a lens, and a littrow reflection grating to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm, said fibers of said multiplexer having a b/d ratio different than the b/d ratio of said fibers of said demultiplexer, where b is the core to core distance between fibers and d is the diameter of the fiber core, wherein the respective b/d ratio of the multiplexer and demultiplexer is due to a difference in the thickness of the cladding between the fibers in the multiplexer and demultiplexer respectively.

40. A multichannel data communication link for transmitting data from a transmitter to a remote receiver, said link comprising means for conditioning the signal from the transmitter, said means for conditioning being connected electrically to the transmitter, laser diode means for converting the signals output from the signal conditioning means, said laser diode means being connected to the signal conditioning means via one optical fiber per channel, wavelength division multiplexing means, at the transmitter, for multiplexing the outputs of the laser diode means and connected to the laser diode means via one optical fiber per channel, wavelength division demultiplexing means connected to the output of the multiplexing means via an optical fiber, detector means connected to the demultiplexing means via one optical fiber per channel, signal conditioning means connected electrically to the outputs of the detector means, and receiver means electrically connected to the outputs of the signal conditioning means, said multiplexing and demultiplexing means having paraxially arranged transmission optics, fibers, and a littrow broad band uniform reflection grating, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

41. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 40 wherein edge limiting LED means is substituted for the laser diode means.

42. A multichannel data communication link for transmitting data from a transmitter to a remote receiver, said link comprising means for conditioning the signal from the transmitter, said means for conditioning being connected electrically to the transmitter, laser diode means for converting the signals output from the signal conditioning means, said laser diode means being connected to the signal conditioning means via one optical fiber per channel, wavelength division multiplexing means, at the transmitter, for multiplexing the outputs of the laser diode means and connected to the laser diode means via one optical fiber per channel, wavelength division demultiplexing means connected to the output of the multiplexing means via an optical fiber, detector means connected to the demultiplexing means via one optical fiber per channel, signal conditioning means connected electrically to the outputs of the detector means, and receiver means electrically connected to the outputs of the signal conditioning means, said multiplexing and demultiplexing means having paraxially arranged transmission optics and a littrow broad band uniform reflection grating wherein the optical fibers connecting the laser diode means and the multiplexing means are of smaller diameter than the optical fiber connecting the multiplexing and demultiplexing means, and the optical fibers connecting the demultiplexing means and the detectors are of larger diameter than the said fibers and fiber, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

43. A multichannel video link for linking the central processing unit of a real time market data computer to a plurality of data feed monitors and keyboards, said link comprising a transmitting module which fits into the electronics rack of the computer, a receiving module which fits into the electronics rack of a remote receiver to which is connected the plurality of data feed monitors, and optical path means connecting the transmitting module to the receiving module, said transmitting module comprising a laser diode source for each channel in the system operating in the single window range of 750-850 nm, a wavelength division multiplexer connected to each of the laser diode outputs and having fibers, a uniform broadband reflection littrow grating, and paraxial transmission optics;

said optical path means comprising a standard multimode fiber;

the receiving module comprising a wavelength division demultiplexer (WDDM) connected to the optical path means and having fibers, a uniform broadband reflection littrow grating, paraxial transmission optics, and an output for each channel, and photodetector means connected to each output of the WDDM, the outputs of the photodetector means connected to the data feed monitors, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

44. A multichannel video link for linking the central processing unit of a real time market data computer to a plurality of data feed monitors and keyboards, said link comprising a transmitting module which fits into the electronics rack of the computer, a receiving module which fits into the electronics rack of a remote receiver to which is connected the plurality of data feed monitors, and optical path means connecting the transmitting module to the receiving module, said transmitting module comprising a laser diode source for each channel in the system operating in the single window range of 750-850 nm, a wavelength division multiplexer connected to each of the laser diode outputs and having a uniform broadband reflection littrow grating and paraxial transmission optics to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm;

said optical path means comprising a standard multimode fiber;

the receiving module comprising a wavelength division demultiplexer (WDDM) connected to the optical path means and having a uniform broadband reflection littrow grating and paraxial transmission optics to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm, and an output for each channel, and photodetector means connected to each output of the WDDM, the outputs of the photodetector means connected to the data feed monitors, wherein the wavelength division demultiplexer is optimized in accordance with the following equation ##EQU63## where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the core diameter, and k is ##EQU64## wherein dλ

0 is wavelength shift.

45. A multichannel video link for linking the central processing unit of a real time market data computer to a plurality of data feed monitors and keyboards, said link comprising a transmitting module which fits into the electronics rack of the computer, a receiving module which fits into the electronics rack of a remote receiver to which is connected the plurality of data feed monitors, and optical path means connecting the transmitting module to the receiving module, said transmitting module comprising an LED for each channel in the system operating in the single window range of 750-850 nm, a wavelength division multiplexer connected to each of the laser diode outputs having a uniform broadband reflection littrow grating and paraxial transmission optics to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm;

said optical path means comprising a standard multimode fiber;

the receiving module comprising a wavelength division demultiplexer (WDDM) connected to the optical path means and having a uniform broadband reflection littrow grating and paraxial transmission optics to provide channel separation of less than 50 nm, and an output for each channel, and photodetector means connected to each output of the WDDM, the outputs of the photodetector means connected to the data feed monitors, wherein ##EQU65## where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the fiber core diameter, and k'"'"'=δ

λ

,Δ

λ

, δ

λ

is ELED linewidth, and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation.

46. An integrated services digital network (ISDN) comprising a first plurality of connected computer workstations, a second plurality of connected computer workstations, a multiplexing link having electrical inputs from the first plurality, and video and voice signal inputs and an optical output;

and a demultiplexing link having an optical input connected via a single fiber to the optical output of the multiplexing link, and an electrical output to the second plurality and video and voice signal outputs;

said multiplexing link comprising a laser diode source;

wavelength division multiplexer means coupled to said source and having paraxial optics including first fibers, lens means, and a littrow reflection grating paraxially aligned with said first fibers;

said demultiplexing link comprising wavelength demultiplexing means having paraxial optics including second fibers, lens means, and a littrow reflection grating paraxially aligned with said second fibers, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said first and second fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying, for said first and second fibers, the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

47. A local area networking (LAN) system comprising an engine workstation connected to wavelength division demultiplexing means (WDDM);

said WDDM connected optically via a single transmission fiber to remote wavelength division demultiplexing means (WDDM) connected to a remote workstation;

said engine workstation transmitting signals to and receiving signals from said remote workstation over said single transmission fiber, said WDDM and remote WDDM having fibers, a littrow reflection grating, and lens means paraxially aligned with said transmission fiber, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

48. The LAN system defined in claim 47 wherein the engine workstation transmits standard red-green-blue (RGB) signals to said remote workstation and transmits to and receives data signals from the remote workstation.

49. The LAN system defined in claim 47 wherein the WDDM means comprises fibers, a lens, and a reflection grating all arranged paraxially.

50. The LAN system defined in claim 47 wherein the remote workstation comprises a standard computer monitor and a keyboard, the monitor receiving said standard red-green-blue (RGB) signals and the keyboard receiving and transmitting said data signals.

51. A multichannel data communication link comprising a first wavelength division multiplexing bidirectional coupler, a second wavelength division multiplexing bidirectional coupler, first and second transmitters including a laser diode source, and first and second receivers, the first transmitter inputting a first wavelength light wave into the first coupler, the second transmitter inputting a second wavelength light wave into the second coupler, the first coupler inputting the first wavelength light wave into the second coupler and the second coupler inputting the second wavelength light wave into the first coupler, the second coupler outputting the first wavelength light wave into the second receiver and the first coupler outputting the second wavelength light wave into the first receiver, said couplers having fibers, a littrow reflection grating, and a lens paraxially aligned, said link being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said laser diode source and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

52. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 51 in a local area network, metropolitan area network, or wide-area network.

53. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 51 wherein the first and second couplers receive and transmit the first and second wavelength light waves between each other via a single mode fiber.

54. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 51 wherein the first and second couplers receive and transmit the first and second wavelength light waves between each other via a multi-mode fiber.

55. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 51 wherein the couplers comprise a volume holographic grating in quasi-Lippman geometry, lens means for collimation and concentration, and first, second, and third fibers, all arranged paraxially.

56. The multichannel data communication link of claim 51 wherein the first and second transmitters comprise single mode, 3-channel wavelength division multiplexers.

57. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 51 wherein the first and second receivers comprise single mode, 3-channel wavelength division multiplexers.

58. The multichannel data communication link defined in claim 51 wherein the first wavelength equals about 1320 nm and the second wavelength equals about 1510 nm.

59. A broad band source comprising a paraxially aligned lens, littrow reflection grating, and first, second and third fibers, said first fiber being an output fiber, said second and third fibers being input fibers carrying two separate wavelength light waves slightly shifted from each other from two separate LEDs, said two separate wavelength light waves being multiplexed and coupled into said first fiber by the lens and grating with wavelength separation of less than 50 nm between the two light waves, said source being optimized to minimize cross talk by one of

(A) setting a b/d ratio for said fibers so as not to be smaller than (1/1-k), where b is the core to core distance between fibers, d is the diameter of the fiber cores, and k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said LEDs and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and

(B) satisfying the equation;

k<

1-d/b, where k=dλ

/Δ

λ

, where dλ

is the maximum acceptable wavelength shift of said LEDs and Δ

λ

is wavelength separation, and where d is the diameter of the fiber cores and b is the core to core distance between fibers.

60. The broad band source as defined in claim 59 wherein the light waves are generated by ELEDs.

61. The broad band source as defined in claim 59 further comprising means for coupling at least 50% of the total energy of the two separate wavelength light waves into the first fiber.