CDMA microcellular telephone system and distributed antenna system therefor

• US 5,280,472 A
• Filed: 03/09/1992
• Issued: 01/18/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 12/07/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Gilhousen, Klein S., Antonio, Franklin P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MARCELO, MELVIN C
• Application Number:
  US07/849,651
• Time in Patent Office: 680 Days
• Field of Search: 370/18, 370/93, 370/19, 375/1, 380/34, 455/273, 455/278.1, 455/279.1, 455/276.1, 343/853, 342/375
• US Class Current: 370/335
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/29 Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic H01Q25/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/022 Site diversity; Macro-diversity using two or more spaced independent antennas H04B7/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0671 using different delays between antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0845 per branch equalization, e.g. by an FIR-filter or RAKE receiver per antenna branch rake receivers as such H04B1/7115
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0894 using different delays between antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2628 using code-division multiple access [CDMA] or spread spectrum multiple access [SSMA] H04B7/2618 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2643 using time-division multiple access [TDMA] H04B7/2615, H04B7/2618 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/18 for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/085 Access point devices with remote components

Abstract

A code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system in which cellular techniques are utilized in a wireless Private Branch Exchange (PBX) environment. A microcellular arrangement is defined in which a base station communicates user information signals using CDMA communication signals with subscriber terminals. A distributed antenna system is utilized in the system to provide multipath signals which facilitate signal diversity for enhanced system performance.

Claims

1. In a code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system in which system users communicate information signals with other system users through a base station using CDMA communication signals, said base station having an antenna system comprising:

a plurality of spaced apart antennas;

signal distribution means for coupling CDMA communication signals between a base station and said antennas; and

delay means operatively coupled to said antennas and said signal distribution means for providing a predetermined delay in said CDMA communication signals coupled between said base station and said antennas.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said signal distribution means comprises transmission cabling serially interconnecting said antennas and interconnecting a first one of said antennas to said base station.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein said CDMA communication signals are generated by spread spectrum modulating said information signals according to a pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips each of a predetermined chip duration, and wherein said delay means comprises a plurality of delay elements disposed in said cabling between adjacent coupled ones of said antennas, each delay element providing a delay in said CDMA communication signals on an order of at least one chip duration.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein said antennas each have a predetermined antenna pattern with said antennas positioned with overlapping patterns.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein said antennas are positioned with substantially overlapping patterns.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein said signal distribution means comprises:

a local antenna electrically coupled to said base station; and

a plurality of remote antennas electromagnetically coupled to said local antenna, with each remote antenna coupled to a corresponding one of said antennas.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein said CDMA communication signals are generated by spread spectrum modulating said information signals according to a pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips each of a predetermined chip duration, and wherein said delay means comprises a plurality of delay elements each disposed between corresponding ones of said antennas and remote antennas, each delay element providing a delay in said CDMA communication signals on an order of at least one chip duration.

8. The system of claim 6 wherein said antennas each have a predetermined antenna pattern with said antennas positioned with overlapping patterns.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said antennas are positioned with substantially overlapping patterns.

10. In a communication system in which system users communicate through a base station with remote system users, said remote system users communicating through said base station via a radio link therewith, said base station comprising:

communication terminal means for receiving and spread spectrum modulating a system user information signal; and

antenna means for, receiving said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal, providing multiple radiations of said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal with each radiation of said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal of a predetermined time delay with respect to one another.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein said antenna means comprises:

a plurality of spaced apart antennas;

signal distribution means for coupling said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal from said communication terminal means to each of said antennas; and

delay means operatively coupled to said antennas and said signal distribution means for providing a different predetermined delay in said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal as coupled by said signal distribution means to each of said antennas.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal is generated by direct sequence spread spectrum modulating said system user information signal with a pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips each of a predetermined chip duration.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein said delay means comprises a plurality of delay elements each operatively coupled to a respective one of said antennas, each delay element providing a respective delay in said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal, with each delay different from one another by an order of at least one chip duration.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein said signal distribution means comprises a cabling system interconnecting in series said communications terminal and said antennas.

15. The system of claim 13 wherein said signal distribution means comprises:

a primary antenna coupled to said base station; and

a plurality of secondary antennas electromagnetically coupled to said primary antenna, with each secondary antenna coupled to a corresponding one of said antennas and respective one of said delay elements.

16. The system of claim 11 wherein said antennas comprise omnidirectional antennas.

17. The system of claim 11 wherein said antennas comprise directional antennas.

18. In the communication system of claim 11 wherein said remote system users communicate with said system users and other remote system users through said base station by transmitting spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signals to said base station for transfer to intended recipient system users and remote system users, said antennas collecting remote system user transmitted spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signal, said signal distribution means for coupling said collected spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signal from said antennas to said communication terminal means and said delay means providing each antenna collected spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signal with a predetermined time offset with respect to one another as provided by said signal distribution means to said communication terminal means.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal and said spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signal are generated by respectively direct sequence spread spectrum modulating said system user information signal and said remote system user information signal with a pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips each of a predetermined chip duration.

20. In the communication system of claim 10 wherein said remote system users communicate with said system users and other remote system users through said base station by transmitting spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signals to said base station for transfer to intended recipient system users and remote system users, said antenna means further for performing multiple collections of a remote system user transmitted spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signal, providing each multiple collection of said spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signal of a predetermined time offset with respect to one another, and providing each of said time offset ones of said spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signal to said communication terminal means.

21. The system of claim 20 wherein said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal is generated by direct sequence spread spectrum modulating said system user information signal with a first pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a first predetermined sequence of binary chips each of a first predetermined chip duration and said spread spectrum modulated remote system user information signal is generated by direct sequence spread spectrum modulating said remote system user information signal with a second pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a second predetermined sequence of binary chips each of a second predetermined chip duration.

22. The system of claim 10 wherein said spread spectrum modulated system user information signal is generated by direct sequence spread spectrum modulating said system user information signal with a pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips each of a predetermined chip duration.

24. The system of claim 18 wherein said antenna means comprises:

a plurality of spaced apart antennas;

signal distribution means for coupling said spread spectrum modulated information signal from said communication terminal means to each of said antennas; and

delay means operatively coupled to said antennas and said signal distribution means for providing an incremental one chip duration time delay in said spread spectrum modulated information signal as coupled by said signal distribution means to each of said antennas.

25. In the communication system of claim 24 said PBX is coupled to said external network and a network of local users in said local communication system.

26. In the communication system of claim 25 wherein said remote terminal users communicate with said users of said external network, said local users of said local communication system, and other remote terminal users of said local communication system through said base station by transmitting spread spectrum modulated remote terminal user information signals to said base station for transfer to an intended recipient users, said antennas collecting remote terminal user transmitted spread spectrum modulated remote terminal user information signal, said signal distribution means for coupling said collected spread spectrum modulated remote terminal user information signal from said antennas to said communication terminal means and said delay means providing each antenna collected spread spectrum modulated remote terminal user information signal with a predetermined time offset with respect to one another as provided by said signal distribution means to said communication terminal means.

23. A local communication system for facilitating the communication of information signals between users of said local communication system, and between users of said local communication system with users of an external network, wherein certain users of said local communication system use remote terminals to communicate within said local communication system, via a radio link with a base station, using code division multiple access communication signals, said system comprising:

a private branch exchange (PBX);

a base station coupled to said PBX comprising;

communication terminal means for receiving and direct sequence spread spectrum modulating an information signal intended for a recipient remote terminal user with a pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips each of a predetermined chip duration time; and

antenna means for, receiving said spread spectrum modulated information signal, providing multiple radiations of said spread spectrum modulated information signal with each radiation of said spread spectrum modulated information signal delayed in time with respect to one another by at least one chip duration time.

27. In a communication system where information signals intended for transfer to a receiving terminal are transmitted from a transmitting terminal as code division multiple access communication (CDMA) signals, wherein said receiving terminal in receiving multipath propagations of each transmitted CDMA communication signal requires a minimum predetermined time difference between multipath propagations of each transmitted CDMA communication signal as received for demodulation thereof to provide said information signals intended for said receiving terminal, a method for creating multipath propagations of said transmitted CDMA signals wherein each multipath propagation is of at least said minimum predetermined time difference with respect to another upon reception at said receiving terminal, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of spaced apart antennas;

providing from said transmitting terminal a CDMA communication signal to each of said antennas; and

providing a different predetermined delay in said CDMA communication signal as provided to each of said antennas.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein said CDMA communication signals in said transmitting terminal are generated by spread spectrum modulating said information signals according to a pseudorandom noise (PN) spreading code comprised of a predetermined sequence of binary chips each of a predetermined chip duration, and wherein in said step of providing said different predetermined delay in said CDMA communication signal as provided to each of said antennas each delay being different from one another on an order of at least one chip duration.

29. In a communications system in which an information signal is modulated at a first station with a pseudorandom noise (PN) code, comprised of a predetermined sequence of code chips each of a predetermined time duration, with said PN modulated noise signal modulated upon a carrier for transmission, an antenna system comprising:

a plurality of antennas coupled in series to said first station; and

a plurality of delay elements each disposed in series between adjacent coupled ones of said antennas.

30. The system of claim 29 wherein said antennas are omnidirectional antennas positioned with overlapping patterns.

31. The system of claim 29 wherein said antennas are directional antennas positioned with overlapping patterns.

32. The system of claim 29 wherein each of said delay elements provides a delay on the order of least said predetermined time duration of said code chips.

33. The system of claim 29 in which an second information signal is modulated at second station with a second pseudorandom noise (PN) code, comprised of a second predetermined sequence of code chips each of second predetermined time duration, said second PN modulated noise signal modulated upon a second carrier for transmission, a second antenna system comprising at least one antenna for receiving said PN modulated noise signal transmitted from said first station from at least one said plurality of antennas and for transmitting said second PN modulated noise signal modulated by said second carrier to at least one said plurality of antennas.

34. An antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving a spread spectrum modulated information signal wherein said spread spectrum modulated information signal is generated by spread spectrum modulating an information signal with a pseudorandom noise code comprised of a predetermined sequence of code chips each of a predetermined chip duration, said antenna system comprising:

a primary antenna system comprising a main antenna and a first set of antennas, said primary antenna system for electromagnetically coupling signals between said main antenna and said first set of antennas;

a second set of antennas, each of said second set of antennas coupled to a corresponding one of said first set of antennas;

a set of delay elements, each delay element disposed between a respective one of said second set of antennas and a corresponding one of said first set of antennas and providing a delay time on the order of an integer multiple of one chip duration.

35. The system of claim 34 wherein each of said delay elements provides a different delay corresponding to a different integer multiple of one chip duration.

36. An antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving a spread spectrum modulated information signal wherein said spread spectrum modulated information signal is generated by spread spectrum modulating an information signal with a pseudorandom noise code comprised of a predetermined sequence of code chips each of a predetermined chip duration, said antenna system comprised of at least one antenna subsystem each comprising:

a set of delay elements, each delay element providing a delay time on the order of an integer multiple of one chip duration in length;

a set of antennas; and

a system of cabling coupling together said antennas and said delay elements in a serial string, wherein said delay elements are coupled between predetermined pairs of said antennas.

37. The system of claim 36 wherein multiple antenna subsystems are arranged as a parallel array with a first antenna in each antenna subsystem serial string coupled to a common feed.