Method and apparatus for preparing a gas mixture for purposes of analysis and application of the method

• US 5,284,054 A
• Filed: 02/28/1992
• Issued: 02/08/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 09/04/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Ernst Loebach
• Original Assignee: Ernst Loebach
• Inventors: Loebach, Ernst
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): ROSKOS, JOSEPH
• Application Number:
  US07/835,466
• Time in Patent Office: 711 Days
• Field of Search: 73/23.3, 73/31.02, 73/31.07, 128/730, 128/719
• US Class Current: 73/23.3
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/2214 by sorption
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/2247 Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/405 by adsorption or absorption
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/2244 Exhaled gas, e.g. alcohol detecting
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/303 using peltier elements
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/12 by evaporation
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/497 of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath

Abstract

Process and device for preparing for analysis a gas mixture consisting of at least two components. The gas mixture is passed through at least two adsorption beds (3'"'"', 4'"'"'). At least one adsorption bed loaded with at least one constituent is fitted in a desorption device located upstream of the inlet system of an analyzer unit in which the constituent(s) are desorbed by lowering the pressure and/or raising the temperature.

Claims

1. A method for determining an isotope ratio in exhaled CO₂ in a breath sample comprising the steps of

at a sampling site, blowing respiratory air sequentially through at least one fixed bed of adsorbent for adsorbing water vapor and one fixed bed for adsorbing CO₂,

moving the bed for adsorbing CO₂ from the sampling site to a testing site;

at the testing site, desorbing the CO₂ by heating, and

analyzing the desorbed CO₂ for isotope ratios therein.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of desorption also includes lowering the pressure of the bed.

3. A method according to claim 2 wherein desorption includes

first pumping the pressure of the bed down to about 20 millibars,

discarding desorbate pumped off during the first pumping,

pumping down the bed to a lower pressure, and

wherein the step of analyzing includes analyzing the desorbate obtained only during the last pumping down.

4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the step of analyzing includes analysis by one of mass spectroscopy or infrared spectroscopy with photo-acoustic substantiation.

5. A method according to claim 1 wherein in the step of analyzing the desorbate is fed in laminar flow to analyzing apparatus at a pressure greater than 1 mbar.

6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of moving is preceded by sealing the adsorbent bed to be analyzed in a gas-tight sealed container for transportation from the sampling site to the testing site.

7. A method according to claim 1 wherein both test beds consist of the same material.

8. A method for determining an isotope ratio in exhaled CO₂ in a breath sample comprising the steps of

at a sampling site, blowing respiratory air sequentially through at least one fixed bed of adsorbent for adsorbing water vapor and one fixed bed for adsorbing CO₂,

moving the bed for adsorbing CO₂ from the sampling site to a testing site;

at the testing site, desorbing the CO₂ by lowering the pressure of the bed, and

analyzing the desorbed CO₂ for isotope ratios therein.

9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the step of desorption also includes heating the bed.

10. A method according to claim 9 wherein desorption includes

first pumping the pressure of the bed down to about 20 mbars,

discarding desorbate pumped off during the first pumping,

pumping down the bed to a lower pressure, and

wherein the step of analyzing includes analyzing the desorbate obtained only during the last pumping down.

11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the step of analyzing includes analysis by one of mass spectroscopy or infrared spectroscopy with photo-acoustic substantiation.

12. A method according to claim 8 wherein in the step of analyzing the desorbate is fed in laminar flow to analyzing apparatus at a pressure greater than 1 mbar.

13. A method according to claim 8 wherein the step of moving is preceded by sealing the adsorbent bed to be analyzed in a gas-tight sealed container for transportation from the sampling site to the testing site.

14. A method according to claim 8 wherein both test beds consist of the same material.

15. An apparatus for collecting a sample of exhaled breath for subsequent analysis to determine the isotope ratio in exhaled CO₂ in the breath comprising the combination of

a first housing having a gas intake orifice and a gas discharge orifice;

first and second adsorbent beds mounted in said housing for gas flow therethrough in sequence in a direction of gas flow from said inlet orifice to said outlet orifice;

said first adsorbent bed receiving gas first from said inlet orifice and including a first material for adsorbing water vapor carried in said gas; and

said second bed including a second material for adsorbing CO₂ from said gas.

16. An apparatus according to claim 15 wherein said first and second materials are chemically the same as each other.

17. An apparatus according to claim 15 wherein said beds are removable from said housing.

18. An apparatus according to claim 15 wherein said housing comprises and elongated, cylindrical tube having a gas intake orifice at one longitudinal end.

19. An apparatus according to claim 15 and further comprising first and second gas permeable sleeves for receiving and supporting said beds.

20. An apparatus according to claim 19 wherein one of said gas permeable sleeves includes surface apertures and is mounted in said tube so that gas enters said sleeve in a direction transverse to a central axis of said tube.

21. An apparatus according to claim 15 and further comprising a gas-impermeable pouch having an intake opening attached to said outlet orifice of said tube.

22. An apparatus according to claim 15 wherein said adsorbing material is zeolite.

23. An apparatus according to claim 15 wherein said adsorbing material comprises at least one carbon-molecular sieve.

24. An apparatus according to claim 23 wherein said beds include sieves of increasing molecular mesh sizes in the direction of gas flow.