Musical tone signal synthesizing apparatus employing selective excitation of closed loop

• US 5,286,916 A
• Filed: 01/14/1992
• Issued: 02/15/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 01/16/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Yamaha Corporation
• Original Assignee: Yamaha Corporation
• Inventors: Yamauchi, Akira
• Primary Examiner(s): Witkowski, Stanley J.
• Application Number:
  US07/820,573
• Time in Patent Office: 763 Days
• Field of Search: 84/723-742, 84/659-661, 84/663, 84/DIG. 10
• US Class Current: 84/661
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/115 FIR impulse, e.g. for echoes or room acoustics, the shape of the impulse response is specified in particular according to delay times
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/445 Bowed string instrument sound generation, controlling specific features of said sound, e.g. use of fret or bow control parameters for violin effects synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/515 Excitation circuits or excitation algorithms therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/521 Closed loop models therefor, e.g. with filter and delay line
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 5/007 Real-time simulation of G10B, G10C, G10D-type instruments using recursive or non-linear techniques, e.g. waveguide networks, recursive algorithms
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 84/10 Feedback

Abstract

Tone generation in conformity with the tone generating mechanism of actual rubbed string instruments is made to obtain musical tones rich in reality as generated by natural musical instruments. Performance information outputted from a performance manipulator is converted into tone generation parameter by parameter generating means. Excitation means generate an excitation signal corresponding to the string-rubbing style on the basis of the tone generation parameter. A loop circuit gives both acoustic and propagation delay of the string to the excitation signal to thereby generate musical tone signals.

Claims

1. A musical tone signal synthesizing apparatus for an electronic musical instrument, comprising:

a manipulator for generating performance information corresponding to manipulation thereof;

envelope signal generating means for converting the performance information into an envelope signal, a value of which changes over time;

excitation means for generating an excitation signal on the basis of the envelope signal; and

a loop circuit for circulating the excitation signal inputted from the excitation means, the loop circuit having delay means which delays a signal circulating in the loop by a delay time corresponding to a tone pitch of a musical tone signal to be generated,

wherein the musical tone signal is extracted from at least one of the loop circuit and the excitation means.

2. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said excitation means generates said excitation signal on the basis of a function expressing the characteristic of friction between a bow and the string at a string-rubbing point.

3. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said loop circuit includes a delay circuit for expressing the propagation delay of vibration, a filter circuit for expressing the passing characteristic and the phase characteristic of said vibration, and a reflection coefficient circuit for expressing phase inversion at a fixed end.

4. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, wherein said tone generator circuit includes an adder circuit connected to a plurality of connection points of said loop circuit so as to add signals obtained at said connection points.

5. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 4, wherein said tone generator circuit further includes an output filter circuit connected to an output of said adder circuit.

6. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, wherein said loop circuit further includes a decay circuit.

7. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, wherein said tone generator circuit includes an adder circuit connected to a plurality of connection points of said loop circuit so as to add signals obtained at said connection points.

8. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 7, wherein said tone generator circuit further includes an output filter circuit connected to an output of said adder circuit.

9. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said excitation means includes an adder for adding, to each other, a signal received from said loop circuit and a signal corresponding to a bow velocity and being received from said parameter generating means, and a circuit for modulating an output of said adder on the basis of a nonlinear function having a value which changes according to a signal corresponding to a bow pressure and being received from said parameter generating means.

10. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 9, wherein an output of said modulating circuit is connected to two points of said loop circuit.

11. An electric musical instrument according to claim 10, wherein said loop circuit is divided into two portions by two points connected to said excitation means, said two portions having equivalent constituents.

12. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 11, wherein each of said two portions includes a decay, a phase inverter, a filter, and a delay.

13. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 12, wherein the delays of said two portions provide different delay periods, the sum of which mainly determine the pitch of a musical tone to be generated.

14. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 12, wherein one of the delays of said two portions provides a delay period being variable according to a pitch signal obtained from said parameter generating means.

15. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 14, wherein said tone generator circuit includes an adder circuit connected to a plurality of connection points of said loop circuit so as to add signals obtained at said connection points.

16. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 15, wherein said tone generator circuit further includes an output filter circuit connected to an output of said adder circuit.

17. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 16, further comprising a resonance circuit which receives an output of said output filter circuit to thereby provide a characteristic simulating resonance of a body of a natural musical instrument.

18. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of loop circuits, and a selector.

19. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said excitation means has a plurality of nonlinear circuits.

20. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said loop circuit has at least one short-circuit path.

21. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said excitation means has a plurality of nonlinear circuits and a selector for selecting one of the plurality of nonlinear circuits.

22. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said excitation means has a nonlinear circuit which includes a static friction function circuit storing data of a static friction function and a dynamic friction function circuit storing data of a dynamic friction function.

23. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the manipulator comprises a plurality of keys each of which generates key information data as performance information, and the parameter generating means comprises an envelope generator circuit which generates an envelope based on the key information data so as to use values of the envelope as the tone generation parameters.

24. A musical tone signal synthesizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the manipulator has a plurality of keys, each of which generates a key-on signal, a key-code signal and a key-touch signal as the performance information.

25. A musical tone signal synthesizing apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the envelope signal is generated based on the key-on signal and the key-touch signal, and the tone pitch is determined based on the key-code signal.

26. A musical tone signal synthesizing apparatus for an electronic musical instrument, comprising:

a manipulator for generating performance information corresponding to manipulation during a performance by a player;

excitation means for generating an excitation signal on the basis of the performance information;

at least two loop circuits for circulating the excitation signal inputted from the excitation means, each of the loop circuits having delay means which delays a signal circulating in the loop by a delay time corresponding to a tone pitch of a musical tone signal to be generated; and

controlling means for assigning one of the two loop circuits based on the performance information and for supplying the excitation signal generated by the excitation means to the assigned loop circuit,

wherein the musical tone signal is extracted from at least one of the two loop circuits.

27. A musical tone signal synthesizing apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the manipulator has a plurality of keys, and, when each of the plurality of keys is depressed, a key-on signal, a key-code signal and a key-touch signal are generated as performance information corresponding to the depressed key.

28. A musical tone signal synthesizing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the excitation signal is generated based on the key-on signal and the key-touch signal, and the tone pitch is determined based on the key-code signal.

29. A musical tone signal synthesizing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein when a key is newly depressed, one of the two loop circuits which was not assigned in the immediately previous key depression is assigned for newly depressed key.