Gradation method for driving liquid crystal device with ramp and select signal

• US 5,287,205 A
• Filed: 03/25/1992
• Issued: 02/15/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 03/26/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Hiroki, Masaaki, Mase, Akira, Yamazaki, Shunpei
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): Parker, Kenneth
• Application Number:
  US07/857,597
• Time in Patent Office: 692 Days
• Field of Search: 340/784, 340/805, 340/793, 359/54, 359/55, 359/56, 359/57, 359/59, 359/84, 359/85
• US Class Current: 349/174
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/136227 Through-hole connection of the pixel electrode to the active element through an insulation layer
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/136245 having complementary transistors
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1368 in which the switching element is a three-electrode device G02F1/136277 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2300/0823 used to establish symmetry in driving, e.g. with polarity inversion
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2310/027 Details of drivers for data electrodes, the drivers handling digital grey scale data, e.g. use of D/A converters
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2310/066 Waveforms comprising a gently increasing or decreasing portion, e.g. ramp
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/2011 by amplitude modulation
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/3648 using an active matrix G09G3/367 - G09G3/3696 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/3677 suitable for active matrices only
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/3688 suitable for active matrices only
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 148/141 Self-alignment coat gate

Abstract

A novel structure of an active electro-optical device is disclosed. The device is provided with complementary thin film insulated gate field effect transistors (TFTs) therein which comprise a P-TFT and an N-TFT. P-TFT and N-TFT are connected to a common signal line by the gate electrodes thereof, while the source (or drain) electrodes thereof are connected to a common signal line as well as to one of the picture element electrodes.

In case of driving the active electro-optical device, a gradation display can be carried out in a driving method having a display timing determined in relation to a time F for writing one screen and a time (t) for writing in one picture element, by applying a reference signal in a cycle of the time (t), to the signal line used for a certain picture element driving selection, and by applying the select signal to the other signal line at a certain timing within the time (t), and whereby setting the value of the voltage to be applied to a liquid crystal.

Claims

1. An electro-optical device comprising:

a substrate;

an electro-optical modulating layer provided on said substrate;

a pixel electrode provided on said substrate;

a first signal line provided on said substrate;

a p-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said p-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said p-channel transistor;

an n-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said n-channel transistor;

means for applying a reference signal whose signal level varies through a range of voltages during a duration of T of said reference signal to one of said first and second signal lines; and

means for supplying a select signal to said complementary transistor pair through the other one of said first and second signal lines which supply gradation information by controlling the time at which said select signal is applied to the other one of said first and second signal lines during the period T of said reference signal, wherein a gradation voltage is supplied to said electro-optic modulating layer by the voltage level of said reference signal at the time of application of said select signal.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein said electro-optical modulating layer comprises a liquid crystal selected from the group consisting of a nematic liquid crystal, a cholesteric liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal and an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein said electro-optical modulating layer comprises a liquid crystal dispersed in an organic resin.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein said reference signal comprises a wave selected from the group consisting of a sine wave, cosine wave, a chopping wave and a ramp wave.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein said select signal comprises two pulses having opposite polarity.

6. The device of claim 1 further comprising another substrate provided on said electro-optical modulating layer with another electrode provided therebetween.

7. An electro-optical device comprising:

an electro-optical modulating layer provided on said substrate;

a plurality of pixel electrodes provided on said substrate;

a plurality of first signal lines provided on said substrate;

a plurality of second signal lines provided on said substrate;

a plurality of complementary transistor pairs provided on said substrate, each pair comprising a p-channel and an n-channel transistor and connected to corresponding one of said pixel electrodes at one of source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor and at one of source and drain terminals of said p-channel transistor, to corresponding one of said first signal lines at gate terminals of said p-channel transistor and said n-channel transistor, and to corresponding one of said second signal lines at the other one of the source and drain terminals of said p-channel transistor and at the other one of the source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor;

means for supplying a reference signal whose signal level varies through a range of voltages during a duration T of said reference signal to each of said complementary transistor pairs through one of the first and second signal lines connected thereto;

means for supplying a select signal to each of said complementary transistor pairs through the other one of the first and second signal lines connected thereto which supply gradation information by controlling the time at which said select signal is applied to the other one of said first and second signal lines during the period T of said reference signal, wherein a gradation voltage is supplied to said electro-optic modulating layer by the voltage level of said reference signal at the time of application of said select signal.

8. The device of claim 7 wherein said electro-optical modulating layer comprises a liquid crystal selected from the group consisting of a nematic liquid crystal, a cholestric liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal and an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal.

9. The device of claim 7 wherein said electro-optical modulating layer comprises a liquid crystal dispersed in an organic resin.

10. The device of claim 7 wherein said reference signal comprises a wave selected from the group consisting of a sine wave, cosine wave, a chopping wave and a ramp wave.

11. The device of claim 7 wherein said select signal comprises two pulses having opposite polarity.

12. The device of claim 7 further comprising another substrate provided on said electro-optical modulating layer with another electrode provided therebetween.

13. A method for driving an electro-optical device comprising:

a substrate;

an electro-optical modulating layer provided on said substrate;

a pixel electrode provided on said substrate;

a first signal line provided on said substrate;

a second signal line provided on said substrate;

a complementary transistor pair provided on said substrate and comprising a p-channel transistor and an n-channel transistor and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said p-channel transistor and at one of source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals of said p-channel transistor and at the other one of the source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, and to said first signal line at gate terminals of said p-channel and n-channel transistors,

said method comprising the steps of;

applying a reference signal whose signal level varies through a range of voltages during a duration of T of said reference signal to one of said first and second signal lines; and

supplying a select signal to said complementary transistor pair through the other one of the first and second signal lines which supply gradation information by controlling the time at which said select signal is applied to the other one of said first and second signal lines during the period T of said reference signal, wherein a gradation voltage is supplied to said electro-optic modulating layer by the voltage level of said reference signal at the time of application of said select signal.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said electro-optical modulating layer comprises a liquid crystal selected from the group consisting of a nematic liquid crystal, a cholesteric liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal and an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein said electro-optical modulating layer comprises a liquid crystal dispersed in an organic resin.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein said reference signal comprises a wave selected from the group consisting of a sine wave, cosine wave, a chopping wave and a ramp wave.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein said select signal comprises two pulses having opposite polarity.

18. The method of claim 13 wherein said electro-optical device further comprises another substrate provided on said electro-optical modulating layer with another electrode provided therebetween.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of applying an offset voltage to said another electrode.

20. An electro-optical device comprising:

a substrate;

an electro-optical modulating layer provided on said substrate;

a pixel electrode provided on said substrate;

a first signal line provided on said substrate;

a second signal line provided on said substrate;

a p-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said p-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said p-channel transistor;

an n-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said n-channel transistor;

means for applying a reference signal whose signal level varies through a range of voltages during a duration of T of said reference signal to one of said first and second signal lines; and

means for supplying a select signal to said complementary transistor pair through the other one of said first and second signal lines which supply gradation information by digitally controlling the time at which said select signal is applied to the other one of said first and second signal lines during the period T of said reference signal, wherein a gradation voltage is supplied to said electro-optic modulating layer by the voltage level of said reference signal at the time of application of said select signal.

21. An electro-optical device comprising:

a substrate;

an electro-optical modulating layer provided on said substrate;

a pixel electrode provided on said substrate;

a first signal line provided on said substrate;

a second signal line provided on said substrate;

a p-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said p-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said p-channel transistor;

an n-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said n-channel transistor;

means for applying a reference signal whose signal level varies through a range of voltages during a duration T of said reference signal in accordance with a sine curve to one of said first and second signal lines; and

means for supplying a select signal to said complementary transistor pair through the other one of said first and second signal lines which supply gradation information by controlling the time at which said select signal is applied to the other one of said first and second signal lines during the period T of said reference signal, wherein a gradation voltage is supplied to said electro-optic modulating layer by the voltage level of said reference signal at the time of application of said select signal, and

wherein said select signal comprises two pulses having opposite polarity.

22. An electro-optical device comprising:

a substrate;

an electro-optical modulating layer provided on said substrate;

a pixel electrode provided on said substrate;

a first signal line provided on said substrate;

a second signal line provided on said substrate;

a p-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said p-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said p-channel transistor;

an n-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said n-channel transistor;

means for applying a reference signal whose signal level varies through a range of voltages during a duration T of said reference signal in accordance with a ramp wave to one of said first and second signal lines; and

means for supplying a select signal to said complementary transistor pair through the other one of said first and second signal lines which supply gradation information by controlling the time at which said select signal is applied to the other one of said first and second signal lines during the period T of said reference signal, wherein a gradation voltage is supplied to said electro-optic modulating layer by the voltage level of said reference signal at the time of application of said select signal, and

wherein said select signal comprises two pulses having opposite polarity.

23. An electro-optical device comprising:

a substrate;

an electro-optical modulating layer provided on said substrate;

a pixel electrode provided on said substrate;

a first signal line provided on said substrate;

a second signal line provided on said substrate;

a p-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said p-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said p-channel transistor;

an n-channel transistor provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals of said n-channel transistor, and to said first means for supplying a reference signal whose signal level varies though a range of voltages during a duration T of said reference signal to said second signal line; and

a driving circuit connected with said first signal line,

wherein said driving circuit comprises a data latch circuit, a counter, a flip flop circuit and means for generating a clock for controlling the time at which a select signal is applied to said first signal line;

wherein a gradation voltage is supplied to said electro-optic modulating layer by the voltage level of said reference signal at the time of application of said select signal.

24. An electro-optical device comprising:

a substrate;

an electro-optical modulating layer provided on said substrate;

a pixel electrode provided on said substrate;

a first signal line provided on said substrate;

a second signal line provided on said substrate;

a transistor or transistors provided on said substrate and connected to said pixel electrode at one of source and drain terminals of said transistor or transistors, to said second signal line at the other one of the source and drain terminals, and to said first signal line at a gate terminal of said transistor or transistors;

means for applying a reference signal whose signal level varies through a range of voltages during a duration T of said reference signal to one of said reference signal to one of said first and second signal lines; and

means for supplying a select signal to said transistor or transistors through the other one of said first and second signal lines which apply gradation information by controlling the time at which said select signal is applied to the other one of said first and second signal lines during the period T of said reference signal, wherein a gradation voltage is supplied to said electro-optical layer by the voltage level of said reference signal at the time of application of said select signal.