Liquid crystal color modulation displays with dyes of different orders and circuitry for providing modulated AC excitation voltage
First Claim
1. Liquid crystal display apparatus comprising:
- (a) a transparent superstrate having an interior face and an exterior face,(b) a substrate parallel to and spaced from said superstrate, said substrate having an interior face and an exterior face,(c) a first transparent electrode secured to the interior face of said superstrate,(d) a second transparent electrode secured to the interior face of said substrate,(e) liquid crystal material interposed between said first and second electrodes,(f) a positive order parameter dye incorporated in said liquid crystal material,(g) a negative order parameter dye incorporated in said liquid crystal material,(h) first means to generate an operating voltage wave varying between 0 volts and a level above 0 volts and to vary the frequency of said voltage wave,(i) second means to generate a second voltage wave of a constant high frequency above the maximum frequency of said operating voltage wave,(j) third means to connect the operating voltage wave and the second voltage wave to said first and second electrodes,(k) whereby said operating voltage wave varies the color of the display between the full color of said positive order parameter dye and the full color of said negative order parameter dye and shades of color between the full colors of said positive order parameter dye and said negative order parameter dye,(l) and whereby said second voltage wave prevents degradation of said liquid crystal mixture.
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Abstract
Liquid crystal display apparatus is disclosed wherein a liquid crystal mixture having incorporated therein (a) a positive order parameter dye and a negative order parameter dye, or (b) a zero order parameter dye and a positive order parameter dye, or (c) a zero order parameter dye and a negative order parameter dye, is interposed between transparent electrodes secured to a transparent superstrate and a transparent substrate. An operating voltage wave ranging between 0 volts and an operating voltage which may be as high as 15.6 volts, and of variable frequency, is applied across the transparent electrodes to produce color changes of adjustable frequency in the liquid crystal mixture. Simultaneously, a square voltage wave of 35 Hz is applied across the transparent electrodes to prevent degradation of the liquid crystal mixture. Various modifications are shown which Produce a travelling wave of color changes of adjustable frequency across the liquid crystal display.
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Citations
34 Claims
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1. Liquid crystal display apparatus comprising:
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(a) a transparent superstrate having an interior face and an exterior face, (b) a substrate parallel to and spaced from said superstrate, said substrate having an interior face and an exterior face, (c) a first transparent electrode secured to the interior face of said superstrate, (d) a second transparent electrode secured to the interior face of said substrate, (e) liquid crystal material interposed between said first and second electrodes, (f) a positive order parameter dye incorporated in said liquid crystal material, (g) a negative order parameter dye incorporated in said liquid crystal material, (h) first means to generate an operating voltage wave varying between 0 volts and a level above 0 volts and to vary the frequency of said voltage wave, (i) second means to generate a second voltage wave of a constant high frequency above the maximum frequency of said operating voltage wave, (j) third means to connect the operating voltage wave and the second voltage wave to said first and second electrodes, (k) whereby said operating voltage wave varies the color of the display between the full color of said positive order parameter dye and the full color of said negative order parameter dye and shades of color between the full colors of said positive order parameter dye and said negative order parameter dye, (l) and whereby said second voltage wave prevents degradation of said liquid crystal mixture. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)
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7. Liquid crystal display apparatus comprising:
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(a) a transparent superstrate having an interior face and an exterior face, (b) a substrate parallel to and spaced from said superstrate, said substrate having an interior face and an exterior face, (c) a first transparent electrode secured to the interior face of said superstrate, (d) a second transparent electrode secured to the interior face of said substrate, (e) liquid crystal material interposed between said first and second electrodes, (f) a zero order parameter dye incorporated in said liquid crystal material, (g) a second dye selected from the group consisting of positive order parameter dyes and negative order parameter dyes and incorporated in said liquid crystal material, (h) first means to generate an operating voltage wave varying between 0 volts and a level above 0 volts and to vary the frequency of said voltage wave, (i) second means to generate a second voltage wave of a constant high frequency above the maximum frequency of said operating voltage wave, (j) third means to connect the operating voltage wave and the second voltage wave to said first and second electrodes, (k) whereby said operating voltage wave varies the color of the display between the color of the zero order parameter dye and the full color of the second dye and shades of color between the color of the zero order parameter dye and the full color of the second dye, (l) and whereby said second voltage wave prevents degradation of said liquid crystal mixture. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 32)
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13. Liquid crystal display apparatus comprising:
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(a) a transparent superstrate having an interior face and an exterior face, (b) a transparent substrate parallel to and spaced from said superstrate, said substrate having an interior face and an exterior face, (c) a plurality of transparent first electrodes secured to and extending across the interior face of said superstrate, each of said plurality of transparent first electrodes being electrically insulated from adjacent transparent first electrodes, (d) a second electrode secured to the interior face of said substrate, (e) liquid crystal material interposed between said second electrode and said plurality of said electrodes, (f) a positive order parameter dye incorporated in said liquid crystal mixture, (g) a negative order parameter dye incorporated in said liquid crystal mixture, (h) first means to generate a triangular voltage wave varying between 0 volts and a level above 0 volts and to vary the frequency of said triangular voltage wave, (i) second means to generate a second voltage wave of a constant high frequency above the maximum frequency of said triangular voltage wave, (j) third means to divide the triangular voltage wave generated by said first means into a plurality of segments corresponding in number to the plurality of first electrodes, (k) fourth means to connected the segments of the triangular voltage wave produced by said third means to said plurality of first electrodes, each segment being connected to one of said first electrodes, and to connect the second voltage wave across said second electrode and said plurality of first electrodes, (l) whereby each said segment of said triangular voltage wave varies the color of the liquid crystal mixture adjacent its respective first electrode between the full color of said positive order parameter dye and the full color of said negative order parameter dye and shades of color between the full color of said positive order parameter dye and said negative order parameter dye, (m) and whereby said second voltage wave prevents degradation of said liquid crystal mixture. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 33)
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20. Liquid crystal display apparatus comprising:
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(a) a transparent superstrate having an interior face and an exterior face, (b) a substrate parallel to and spaced from said superstrate, said substrate having an interior face and an exterior face, (c) a plurality of transparent first electrodes secured to and extending across the interior face of said superstrate, each of said plurality of transparent first electrodes being electrically insulated from adjacent transparent first electrodes, (d) a second electrode secured to the interior face of said substrate, (e) liquid crystal material interposed between said second electrode and said plurality of first electrodes, (f) a zero order parameter dye incorporated in said liquid crystal mixture, (g) a second dye selected from the group consisting of positive order parameter dyes and negative order parameter dyes and incorporated in said liquid crystal material, (h) first means to generate a triangular voltage wave varying between 0 volts and a level above 0 volts and to vary the frequency of said triangular voltage wave, (i) second means to generate a second voltage wave of a constant high frequency above the maximum frequency of said triangular voltage wave, (j) third means to divide the triangular voltage wave generated by said first means into a plurality of segments corresponding in number to the plurality of first electrodes, (k) fourth means to connected the segments of the triangular voltage wave produced by said third means to said plurality of first electrodes, each segment being connected to one of said first electrodes, and to connect the second voltage wave across said second electrode and said plurality of first electrodes, (l) whereby each said segment of said triangular voltage wave varies the color of the liquid crystal mixture adjacent its respective first electrode between the color of the zero order parameter dye and the full color of the second dye and shades of color between the color of the zero order parameter dye and the full color of the second dye, (m) and whereby said second voltage wave prevents degradation of said liquid crystal mixture. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 34)
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Specification