Broadcast synchronized communication system

• US 5,289,497 A
• Filed: 05/23/1991
• Issued: 02/22/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 05/23/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Interdigital Technology Corporation (InterDigital, Inc.), SCS Telecom, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Interdigital Technology Corporation (InterDigital, Inc.)
• Inventors: Henrich, Kenneth J., Schilling, Donald L., Jacobson, Allen G.
• Primary Examiner(s): CANGIALOSI, SALVATORE A
• Application Number:
  US07/704,440
• Time in Patent Office: 1,006 Days
• Field of Search: 375/1, 375/107
• US Class Current: 375/141
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/31 using in-band signals, e.g. subsonic or cue signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 60/23 using cryptography, e.g. encryption, authentication, key distribution
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 60/91 Mobile communication networks for accessing the Internet H04H60/85

Abstract

A communication system in accordance with the invention employs a broadcast signal for synchronization of the transmitters and receivers in the system without use of a special base transmitter for synchronizing signal transmissions. Each transmitter having a pre-assigned time slot counts from a synchronizing index which is inherent in or added to the broadcast signal to determine when to transmit. The receiver of receivers similarly count from the synchronizing index to determine when to look for specific time slice transmissions.

Claims

1. A method for synchronizing a plurality of user stations for communicating from said plurality of user stations to a base station, comprising the steps of:

receiving, at each user station, a broadcast signal having periodic synchronization signals, transmitted from said broadcast station, with the periodic synchronization signals including a plurality of frame-start signals, with each frame-start signal followed by a plurality of timing pulses;

counting, at a respective station, from each received frame-start signal the plurality of timing pulses to a predetermined timing pulse corresponding to a respective user station; and

transmitting, from each user station, in response to counting to the predetermined timing pulse corresponding to the respective user station, user data to said base station using a spread-spectrum signaling format.

2. A spread spectrum communications system comprising:

a central processing station including an information source and a base receiver synchronized with the communication system and operative to receive user data;

a broadcast transmitter operatively connected to receive information from the central processing station for operative by transmitting a broadcast signal having the information and periodic synchronization signals, with the periodic synchronization signals including a plurality of frame-start signals, with each frame-start signal followed by a plurality of timing signals;

at least one user station, with each user station including a broadcast receiver for operatively receiving the broadcast signal and a user transmitter for operatively transmitting user data; and

wherein each user station, responsive to the periodic synchronization signals, determines from each received frame-start signal using the plurality of timing signals, a predetermined time from the frame-start signal corresponding to each respective user station, to periodically synchronize transmitting, each respective user transmitter of each user station with the communications system.

3. The communication system as set forth in claim 2 wherein user-transmitter-to-base-receiver transmissions use a time division multiple access channel having each respective user transmitter transmitting, responsive to the plurality of timing signals, during predetermined user frames;

wherein each user transmitter further comprises a spread spectrum modulator having a predetermined pseudo noise sequence for spreading spectrum of the user data transmitted during the predetermined user frame; and

wherein the base receiver further comprises a plurality of spread spectrum demodulators with each spread-spectrum demodulator including an acquisition and tracking circuit for locking onto the pseudo noise sequence used by spread spectrum modulator in each user transmitter, respectively.

4. The communications system as set forth in claim 3 wherein the base receiver further comprises:

a range storage table of delay values for each user station in the communication system;

the range storage table having an output for providing a delay value respective of the user at a beginning of each user frame to the acquisition and tracking circuit, with the delay value being indicative of a difference between a time when the user frame begins as determined by the base receiver and a time when the respective user transmission is expected to arrive at the base receiver;

wherein said acquisition and tracking circuit, responsive to the delay value, initiates searching for the user pseudo noise sequence at a time displaced from the beginning of the user frame as determined by the base receiver according to a predetermined relation to the delay value provided; and

wherein said acquisition and tracking circuit includes programming for initiating searching for the user pseudo noise sequence at a time within the user frame when the user transmitter and the base receiver are approximately synchronized despite propagation delays.

5. The communication system of claim 4 wherein the base receiver is operative to periodically update a respective stored delay value in the range storage table for a user station.

6. The communication system of claim 4 wherein:

the range storage table is initially filled with starting delay values for each user station;

the base receiver being operative to search for each user transmission during its respective user frame;

the base receiver being operative to adjust the delay value after a failed attempt during a user frame to acquire a user transmission such that the during the user'"'"'s next frame the adjusted delay value is used to acquire the user transmission;

upon acquisition of the user transmission, the base receiver being operative to store the delay value used to successfully acquire the user in the range storage table;

and the base receiver being operative to periodically update a respective stored delay value in the range storage table for a user station.

7. The communication system as set forth in claim 4 further comprising:

an RF receiver having an output connected to the base receiver for outputting the received user transmission signal;

wherein the range storage table includes gain values for each user station in the communication system;

wherein the range storage table has an output for providing a gain value respective to the user to the RF receiver;

wherein the gain value indicates an expected signal strength of a user transmission; and

wherein the RF receiver, responsive to the gain value, adjusts amplification of the user transmission signal according to a predetermined relation to a gain value provided for maintaining the output of the RF receiver at an approximately constant level from one user to another.

8. The communication system of claim 7 wherein the base receiver is operative to periodically update a respective stored gain value in the range storage table for a user station.

9. The communication system as set forth in claim 7 wherein:

the range storage table is initially filled with starting gain values for each user station;

the base receiver searches for each user transmission during a respective user frame;

the base receiver adjusts gain value after a failed attempt during a user frame to acquire a user transmission such that during the user'"'"'s next frame the adjusted gain value is used to acquire the user transmission;

wherein upon acquisition of the user transmission, the base receiver operatively stores the gain value user to successfully acquire the user in the range storage table; and

the base receiver periodically operatively updates a respective stored gain value in the range storage table for a user station.

10. The communication system as set forth in claim 3 wherein the user transmitter further comprises:

a pseudo noise generator for generating the predetermined pseudo noise sequence and having an output connected to the spread spectrum modulator, wherein the pseudo noise generator has an input for receiving a start sequence signal operative for initiating the pseudo noise generator sequencing through the pseudo noise sequence from a predetermined point in the pseudo noise sequence; and

wherein each user transmitter provides the start sequence signal to the pseudo noise generator at the beginning of each user transmission such that each spread spectrum modulated user transmission begins at the predetermined point in the pseudo noise sequence.

11. The communication system as set forth in claim 10 wherein the acquisition and tracking circuit further comprises:

a pseudo noise generator for generating a respective predetermined user pseudo noise sequence, wherein the pseudo noise generator has an input for receiving a start sequence signal for initiating the pseudo noise generator sequencing through the respective predetermined pseudo noise sequence from a predetermined point therein; and

wherein the base receiver provides the start sequence signal to the pseudo noise generator at a predetermined time during the user frame for initiating searching with the acquisition and tracking circuit for the respective predetermined pseudo noise sequence from the predetermined point therein at the predetermined time in the user frame.

12. The communication system as set forth in claim 11 wherein the base receiver further comprises:

a range storage table of delay values for each user station in the communication system, wherein the range storage table having an output for providing a delay value respective of the user at the beginning of each user frame to the acquisition and tracking circuit;

wherein the delay value indicates a difference between a time when the user frame begins as determined by the base receiver and a time when the respective user transmission is expected to arrive at the base receiver;

wherein the acquisition and tracking circuit, responsive to the delay value, provides the start sequence signal to the pseudo noise generator at a time displaced from the beginning of the user frame as determined by the base receiver according to a predetermined relation to the delay value provided; and

wherein the acquisition and tracking circuit includes programming for initiating searching for the user pseudo noise sequence after a time within the user frame when the user transmitter and the base receiver are approximately synchronized despite propagation delays.

13. The communication system of claim 12 wherein the base receiver is operative to periodically update a respective stored delay value in the range storage table for a user station.

14. The communication system of claim 12 wherein:

the range storage table is initially filled with starting delay values for each user station;

the base receiver being operative to search for each user transmission during its respective user frame;

the base receiver being operative to adjust the delay value after a failed attempt during a user frame to acquire a user transmission such that the during the user'"'"'s next frame the adjusted delay value is used to try to acquire the user transmission;

the base receiver being operative upon acquisition of the user transmission to store the delay value used to successfully acquire the user in the range storage table;

and the base receiver being operative to periodically update a respective stored delay value in the range storage table for a user station.

17. The communication system as set forth in claim 2 wherein each user transmitter includes an encoder for encoding user data using a predetermined error correction method for reducing transmission errors.

18. The communication system as set forth in claim 17 wherein each user transmitter includes an encryption device for encrypting user data using a predetermined encryption scheme.

19. The communication system of claim 2 wherein:

the broadcast signal is a television broadcast signal and the information is transmitted during the vertical blanking interval of the television broadcast signal.

20. The communication system as set forth in claim 19 wherein each user transmitter includes an encoder for encoding user data using a predetermined error correction scheme for reducing transmission errors.

21. The communication system as set forth in claim 20 wherein each user transmitter includes an encryption device for encrypting user data using a predetermined encryption scheme.

22. The communication system of claim 21 further comprising:

an automatic repeat request system;

wherein the central processing station, responsive to faulty reception of user data by the base receiver, generates and sends to the broadcast transmitter automatic repeat requests;

wherein the broadcast transmitter transmits the automatic repeat requests over the television broadcast signal;

wherein each user station includes a transmission storage buffer for storage of user data previously transmitted;

wherein each respective transmission storage buffer has an output operatively connected to the respective user transmitter and an input operatively connected to the broadcast receiver for receiving the automatic repeat request; and

wherein each user station, selectively responsive to automatic repeat requests, has a predetermined address for retransmitting the data stored in the respective transmission storage buffer.

23. The communication system as set forth in claim 22 wherein:

each user transmitter transmits user-transmitter to base-receiver transmissions in a time division multiple access channel having the user transmitters, responsive to the plurality of frame-start signals and the plurality of timing signals, during predetermined user frames;

each user transmitter further comprises a spread spectrum modulator having a predetermined pseudo noise sequence for spreading spectrum of the user data transmitted during the predetermined user frame; and

the base receiver further comprises a spread spectrum demodulator including an acquisition and tracking circuit for locking onto the pseudo noise sequence transmitted from the user transmitter.

24. The communication system as set forth in claim 23 wherein each user transmitter further comprises:

a pseudo noise generator for generating the predetermined pseudo noise sequence and having an output connected to the spread spectrum modulator;

wherein the pseudo noise generator has an input for receiving a start sequence signal for initiating the pseudo noise generator sequencing through the pseudo noise sequence from a predetermined point in the pseudo noise sequence; and

wherein each user transmitter provides the start sequence signal to the pseudo noise generator at the beginning of each user transmission for initiating each spread spectrum modulated user transmission at the predetermined point in the pseudo noise sequence.

25. The communication system as set forth in claim 24 wherein the acquisition and tracking circuit further comprises:

a pseudo noise generator for generating a respective predetermined user pseudo noise sequence, wherein the pseudo noise generator has an input for receiving a start sequence signal for initiating sequencing the pseudo noise generator through the respective predetermined pseudo noise sequence from a predetermined point therein; and

wherein the base receiver provides the start sequence signal to the pseudo noise generator at a predetermined time during the user frame when the acquisition and tracking circuit begins to search for the respective predetermined pseudo noise sequence from the predetermined point therein at the predetermined time in the user frame.

26. The communication system as set forth in claim 25 wherein the base receiver further comprises:

a range storage table of delay values for each user station in the communication system, wherein the range storage table has an output for providing a delay value respective of the user at the beginning of each user frame to the acquisition and tracking circuit, the delay value indicating a difference between a time when the user frame begins as determined by the base receiver and a time when the respective user transmission is expected to arrive at the base receiver;

wherein the acquisition and tracking circuit, responsive to the delay value, provides the start sequence signal to the pseudo noise generator at a time displaced from the beginning of the user frame as determined by the base receiver according to a predetermined relation to the delay value provided; and

wherein the acquisition and tracking circuit includes programming for initiating searching for the user pseudo noise sequence after a time within the user frame when the user transmitter and the base receiver are approximately synchronized despite propagation delays.

27. The communication system as set forth in claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19, further comprising:

an automatic repeat request system;

wherein the central processing station, responsive to faulty reception of user data by the base receiver, generates and sends to the broadcast transmitter automatic repeat requests;

wherein the broadcast transmitter transmits the automatic repeat requests over the broadcast signal;

wherein each user station includes a transmission storage buffer for storing of user data previously transmitted;

wherein each transmission storage buffer has an output operatively connected to the respective user transmitter and an input operatively connected to the respective broadcast receiver for receiving the automatic repeat request; and

wherein each user station, selectively responsive to automatic repeat requests, has a predetermined address for retransmitting the data stored in the respective transmission storage buffer.

28. The communication system as set forth in claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26, further comprising:

a synchronization character for re-synchronizing the communication system;

wherein the broadcast transmitter transmits the synchronization character over the broadcast signal; and

wherein each user station, responsive to the synchronization character, establishes re-synchronization with the communication system by counting a predetermined number of the periodic timing signals after receipt of the synchronization signal.

29. The communication system as set forth in claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26, further comprising:

a user antenna connected to the broadcast receiver for reception of the broadcast signal;

the user antenna connected to the user transmitter for radiating transmissions including user data and

the user antenna simultaneously servicing the broadcast receiver and the user transmitter effectively and without interference between the respective signals.

30. The communication system as set forth in claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26, further comprising:

at least one predefined special characters;

wherein the broadcast transmitter transmits a selected one of the predetermined special characters over the broadcast signal; and

wherein each user station responds to a predetermined manner to one or more of the predetermined special characters.

31. The communication system as set forth in claim 30 wherein:

the central processing station provides a message to the broadcast transmitter;

the message has a predetermined timing relationship to the selected one of the predetermined special characters in the broadcast transmission signal; and

each user station, responsive to at least one of the predetermined special characters, receives the message and to separate the message from the information.

32. The communication system as set forth in claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26, further comprising:

at least one work station including an input connected to a respective broadcast receiver for receiving the information and an output connected to a respective user transmitter for transmitting user data to the base receiver, and

wherein each work station includes an input device for entry of user data and an output device operative to display, print and process the information transmitted from the central processing station.

33. The communication systems as set forth in claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26, wherein the base receiver further comprises:

a base-located broadcast receiver connected to the base receiver for receiving the broadcast signal; and

the base-located broadcast receiver, responsive to the periodic timing signals, for establishing synchronization of the base receiver with the communication system.

15. A spread spectrum communication system having broadcast synchronized return channel comprising:

a broadcast receiver for receiving periodic synchronization signals including a plurality of frame-start signals, with each frame-start signal followed by a plurality of timing signals contained in a preselected broadcast signal; and

at least one user transmitter operatively connected to the broadcast receiver for receiving timing information derived from each frame-start signal and the plurality of timing signals from the receiver and responsive to the timing information for periodically synchronizing transmissions with at least one of the plurality of timing signals received by the broadcast receiver to maintain a common timing signal between the user transmitters.

16. The spread spectrum communication system having broadcast synchronized return channel as set forth in claim 15 further comprising:

a synchronization character added to the preselected broadcast signal for re-synchronizing the return channel with the plurality of timing signals;

wherein the broadcast receiver, responsive to receiving the synchronization character, operatively provides a re-synchronization signal to the user transmitter; and

wherein each user transmitter, responsive to the re-synchronization signal, counts a predetermined number of the plurality of timing signals for establishing re-synchronization with a return channel.

34. The communication systems as set forth in claim 15 or 16 further comprising:

a base receiver for receiving the transmissions; and

wherein the base receiver, responsive to the periodic timing signals, establishes synchronization with the periodic timing signals when the base receiver receives transmissions having a predetermined relationship with the periodic timing signals.