Phase shifted switching controller

• US 5,291,384 A
• Filed: 11/16/1992
• Issued: 03/01/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/20/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Unitrode Corp. (Texas Instruments, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Unitrode Corp. (Texas Instruments, Inc.)
• Inventors: Putsch, Jeffrey D., Mammano, Robert A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Stephan, Steven L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): DAVIDSON, BEN
• Application Number:
  US07/976,662
• Time in Patent Office: 470 Days
• Field of Search: 363/26, 363/17, 363/56, 363/132, 363/98, 363/72, 363/178, 323/235, 307/602
• US Class Current: 363/17
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3376 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53878 by time shifting switching signals of one diagonal pair of the bridge with respect to the other diagonal pair
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2005/00032 Dc control of switching transistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2005/00156 using opamps, comparators, voltage multipliers or other analog building blocks
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2005/00176 using differential stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 5/13 Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A controller for controlling a resonant switching dc to dc converter. The controller has four output terminals, each of which is capable of switching one of four transistors in a bridge power stage in such a way as to accomplish zero-voltage resonant switching. The phase relationship between the switching of the four transistors of the bridge power stage which is adjustable from approximately zero to 180°, results in highly-efficient, pulse-width-modulation of the output power.

Claims

1. A phase shifted controller for resonantly switching a dc-to-dc converter comprising a first half-bridge comprising a first switch and a second switch and a second-half bridge comprising a third switch and a fourth switch, said first half-bridge and said second half-bridge in communication with a primary of a transformer, said phase shifted controller comprising:

(a) an oscillator having an output port wherein said oscillator provides a clock signal on the output port;

(b) a pulse width modulator circuit having a first input coupled to the output port of said oscillator, having a second input port and having an output port;

(c) an error amplifier having a first input port coupled to an input of the phase shifted controller, having a second input port coupled to a first reference potential, and having an output port coupled to the second input port of said pulse width modulator circuit, wherein said error amplifier provides an error signal to the second input port of said pulse width modulator circuit;

(d) a switching circuit having a first input port coupled to the output port of said oscillator and having first and second output ports;

(e) a first logic circuit having a first input port coupled to the first output port of said switching circuit, having a second input port coupled to the output port of said pulse width modulator circuit, and having an output port;

(f) a first plurality of output stages each of said output stages having an input port, an output port and a delay control port wherein the input port of a first one of said first plurality of output stages is coupled to the first output port of said first switching circuit and the input port of a second one of said first plurality of output stages is coupled to the second output port of said switching circuit and wherein the delay control port receives a control signal for delaying the switching of its respective output stage, wherein each of said first plurality of output stages comprises;

(i) a time delay circuit having a first input port coupled to the first input port of the corresponding output stage, having a second input port coupled to the corresponding delay control port and having an output port; and

(ii) an output stage logic circuit having a first input coupled to the first input port of the corresponding output stage, having a second input port coupled to the output of said corresponding time delay circuit, and having an output port coupled to a corresponding one of said first, second, third and fourth switches;

(g) a second plurality of output stages, wherein each of said second plurality of output stages comprises;

(i) a time delay circuit having a first input port coupled to a first input port of the corresponding output stage, having a second input port coupled to the corresponding delay control port and having an output port; and

(ii) an output stage logic circuit having a first input coupled to a first input port of the corresponding output stage, having a second input port coupled to the output of said time delay circuit, and having an output port coupled to a corresponding one of said first, second, third and fourth switches;

(h) a first signal path coupled between the output port of said first logic circuit and a first input port of a first one of the second plurality of output stages; and

(i) a second signal path coupled between said first logic circuit and a first input port of a second one of said second plurality of output stages.

2. The phase shifted controller of claim 1 wherein:

wherein the time delay circuit in the first and second ones of said first plurality of output stages receive, at their respective input ports, input signals having complimentary logic voltages; and

wherein the time delay circuit in the first and second ones of said second plurality of output stages receive at their respective input ports, input signals having complimentary logic voltages.

3. The phase shifted controller of claim 2 wherein said pulse width modulator circuit comprises:

(i) a ramp circuit having an input port coupled to the output port of said oscillator and having an output port coupled to a first terminal of a voltage offset source;

(ii) a first pulse width modulator comparator having a first input port coupled to a second terminal of said reference potential source, having a second input port coupled to the output port of said error amplifier and having an output port;

(iii) a second pulse width modulator comparator having a first input coupled to the output port of said error amplifier, having a second input port coupled to a first reference potential, and having an output port;

(iv) a first logic circuit having a first input port coupled to the output port of said oscillator, having a second input port coupled to the output port of said first pulse width modulator comparator and having an output port;

(v) a second logic circuit having a first input port coupled to the output port of said oscillator, having a second input port coupled to the output port of said second pulse width modulator comparator and having an output port wherein the first input port of said first and second logic circuits receive signals having complimentary logic values; and

(vi) a pulse width modulator latch circuit having a first input port coupled to the output port of said first logic circuit, having a second input port coupled to the output port of said second logic circuit, and having an output port coupled to the output port of said pulse width modulation circuit.

4. The phase shifted controller of claim 3 further comprising:

a start up/default circuit having an input port and an output port, with the input port of said start up/default circuit coupled to an output port of said error amplifier; and

wherein each of said plurality of output stage logic circuits further comprise a third input port coupled to the output port of said start up/default circuit.

5. The phase shifted controller of claim 3 wherein said pulse width modulator latch circuit is provided as a flip-flop.

6. An output stage having a delay set port, a control signal port and an output port and adapted for use with a phase shifted controller for resonantly switching a dc-to-dc converter, said output stage comprising:

(a) a delay circuit for providing a time delay, said delay circuit having a delay set port, a control signal port, an input voltage terminal and an output port, and said delay circuit comprising;

a first controlled current source;

a second controlled current source;

a switching circuit having a first port coupled to the first controlled current source, having a second port coupled to the second controlled current source, having a first control port coupled to the control signal port and having a second control port coupled to the input voltage terminal;

a charging circuit coupled to the first port of said switching circuit; and

a comparator having a first input port coupled to the second port of said switching circuit, a second input port coupled to the input voltage terminal and a first output port coupled to the output port of said delay circuit;

(b) a control resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first reference potential and having a second electrode coupled to each of said first and second controlled current sources wherein the amount of current provided by each of said first and second controlled current sources corresponds to the resistance value of said control resistor;

(c) a logic circuit having an input port coupled to the output port of said delay circuit, an output port, a first reference voltage terminal, a second reference voltage terminal and a third reference voltage terminal, said logic gate comprising;

a logic gate having an input port coupled to the input port of said logic gate and having an output port;

a totem-pole transistor circuit having an input port coupled to the output port of said logic circuit, said totem-pole transistor circuit for sourcing, in a first stage, a first predetermined amount of current within a predetermined amount of time and for sinking, in a second state, a second predetermined amount of current within a second predetermined amount of time;

a driver circuit coupled to said totem-pole transistor circuit, wherein said driver circuit biases said totem-pole transistor circuit into its first and second states and wherein said totem-pole transistor circuit is biased into its first state by said driver circuit in response to a first one of the following conditions;

(1) a power supply voltage coupled to said third reference voltage terminal is below a turn-on threshold voltage; and

(2) a current fault signal is detected by said logic gate; and

wherein said delay circuit receives, on the control signal port, a control signal wherein during a falling edge of the control signal the charging circuit is discharged from a first predetermined threshold reference potential to a second predetermined threshold reference potential and wherein the time required to discharge the charging circuit from the first threshold reference potential to the second threshold reference potential corresponds to the time delay provided by said delay circuit and wherein in response to the power supply voltage reaching the turn-on threshold voltage, the totem-pole transistor circuit is biased into its second stage, thereby permitting an output signal having a first signal level to be provided to the logic circuit output port.

7. The circuit of claim 6 wherein:

said switching circuit comprises;

a first transistor having first, second and third electrodes, wherein a first one of said electrodes is coupled to a first reference potential, a second one of said electrodes is coupled to the control signal port of said delay circuit and a third one of said electrodes is coupled to the second current source; and

a second transistor having first, second and third electrodes, wherein a first one of said electrodes is coupled to said first current source, a second one of said electrodes is coupled to the input voltage terminal of said delay circuit and a third one of said electrodes is coupled to the second current source;

said totem-pole transistor circuit comprises;

a first transistor having a first electrode coupled to the first reference voltage terminal, a second electrode coupled to the output port of said logic circuit and a third electrode;

a second transistor having a first electrode coupled to the first reference voltage terminal, a second electrode coupled to the third electrode of said first transistor and a third electrode;

a third transistor having a first electrode coupled to the third electrode of said second transistor, a second electrode and a third electrode coupled to the output port of said logic gate; and

a fourth transistor having a first electrode coupled to the logic circuit output port, a second electrode coupled to the second reference voltage terminal and a third electrode coupled to the second electrode of said third transistor of said totem-pole transistor circuit, wherein in response to the power supply voltage reaching the turn on value, the fourth transistor is biased into a state to permit the output signal having the first signal level to be provided to the logic circuit output port; and

said driver circuit comprises;

a first transistor having a first electrode coupled to the logic circuit output port, a second electrode coupled to the third electrode of said fourth transistor of said totem-pole transistor circuit and a third electrode;

a second transistor having a first electrode coupled to the third electrode of said first transistor of said driver circuit, a second electrode coupled to the second reference voltage terminal and a third electrode; and

a third transistor having a first electrode coupled to the third electrode of the second transistor of said driver circuit, a second electrode coupled to the second reference potential and a third electrode coupled to a third reference voltage terminal.

8. The circuit of claim 7 wherein said charging circuit is provided as a capacitor.

9. An output stage circuit of a phase shifted controller, said output stage circuit comprising:

(a) a delay circuit, said delay circuit comprising;

a control resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first reference potential and a second electrode couple to a second reference potential;

a first controlled current source having a control port coupled to the second electrode of said control resistor;

a second controlled current source having a control port coupled to the second electrode of said control resistor, wherein the amount of current provided by said first and second current sources corresponds to the resistance value of said control resistor and wherein said first and second current sources are provided such that the current provided by the second current source corresponds to twice that of the first current source;

a charging circuit coupled between said first and second controlled current sources wherein said first and second controlled current sources, respectively charge and discharge the charging circuit; and

(b) a logic circuit, having an input port, an output port, a first reference voltage terminal said logic circuit comprising;

a totem-pole circuit for sourcing, in a first state, more a first predetermined amount of current within a predetermined amount of time and for sinking, in a second state, more than one ampere of current within a predetermined amount of time, said totem-pole circuit comprising;

a first transistor having a first electrode coupled to the first reference voltage terminal, a second electrode coupled to the output port of said logic circuit and a third electrode;

a second transistor having a first electrode coupled to the first reference voltage terminal, a second electrode coupled to the third electrode of said first transistor and a third electrode;

a third transistor having a first electrode coupled to the third electrode of said second transistor, a second electrode and a third electrode coupled to the output port of said logic circuit and

a fourth transistor having a first electrode coupled to the logic circuit output port, a second electrode coupled to the second reference voltage terminal and a third electrode coupled to the second electrode of said third transistor of said totem-pole transistor circuit, wherein in response to the power supply voltage reaching the turn on value, the fourth transistor is biased into a state to permit the output signal having the first signal level to be provided to the logic circuit output port;

a self-biasing driver circuit comprising;

a first transistor having a first electrode coupled to the logic circuit output port, a second electrode coupled to the third electrode of said fourth transistor of said totem-pole transistor circuit and a third electrode;

a second transistor having a first electrode coupled to the third electrode of said first transistor of said driver circuit, a second electrode coupled to the second reference voltage terminal and a third electrode; and

a third transistor having a first electrode coupled to the third electrode of the second transistor of said driver circuit, a second electrode coupled to the second reference potential and a third electrode coupled to a third reference voltage terminal, wherein the fourth transistor of said totem-pole transistor circuit is biased into its conduction state by said driver circuit in response to a first one of the following conditions;

(1) the power supply voltage is below its turn-on threshold; and

(2) a current fault signal is detected by said totem-pole transistor circuit; and

wherein said delay circuit receives a control signal and wherein during a falling edge of the control signal the charging circuit is discharged from a first predetermined threshold reference potential to a second predetermined threshold reference potential and wherein the time taken to discharge the charging circuit from the first reference voltage to the second reference voltage corresponds to the time delay and wherein in response to the power supply voltage reaching a turn-on value, the fourth transistor of said totem pole circuit is biased into its nonconduction state, thereby permitting an output signal having a first signal level to be provided to the logic circuit output port.

10. The output stage circuit of claim 9 wherein said charging circuit is provided as a capacitor having first and second terminals and said delay circuit further comprises:

a comparator having a first input port coupled the first terminal of said capacitor, a second input port coupled to the reference voltage and an output port coupled to the logic circuit input port, wherein when the capacitor voltage is greater than the reference voltage, said comparator provides an output signal having a first voltage level to said logic circuit input port and wherein when the capacitor voltage is less than the reference voltage, said comparator provides an output signal having a second different voltage level to the input port of said logic circuit.

11. The output stage circuit of claim 10 wherein:

the first predetermined threshold reference potential corresponds to a voltage level typically of about one volt above the reference voltage; and

the second predetermined threshold reference potential corresponds to a voltage level typically of about one-half volt below the reference voltage.