Method of decontaminating a contaminated fluid by using photocatalytic particles

• US 5,294,315 A
• Filed: 10/09/1992
• Issued: 03/15/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 07/24/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Photocatalytics Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Photocatalytics Incorporated
• Inventors: Ratcliff, Matthew A., Cooper, Gerald
• Primary Examiner(s): Niebling, John
• Assistant Examiner(s): DELACROIX MUIRHEI, CYBILLE
• Application Number:
  US07/944,198
• Time in Patent Office: 522 Days
• Field of Search: 588/205, 588/223, 588/227, 204/158.2, 204/158.21, 502/29, 210/748
• US Class Current: 204/158.2
• CPC Class Codes: A62D 2101/24 containing heavy metals
• CPC Class Codes: A62D 2101/43 containing heavy metals, in the bonded or free state
• CPC Class Codes: A62D 2203/10 Apparatus specially adapted for treating harmful chemical agents; Details thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A62D 3/15 to particle radiation, e.g. electron beam radiation
• CPC Class Codes: A62D 3/17 to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. emitted by a laser
• CPC Class Codes: A62D 3/176 Ultraviolet radiations, i.e. radiation having a wavelength of about 3nm to 400nm
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/122 Incoherent waves gamma-radiation B01J19/082
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/123 Ultraviolet light
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2208/00433 using electromagnetic heating
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/00 Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/58 Fabrics or filaments
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 8/02 with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/32 with ultraviolet light
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/725 by catalytic oxidation
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2305/10 Photocatalysts

Abstract

A system for decontaminating the contaminated fluid by using photocatalytic particles. The system includes a reactor tank for holding the contaminated fluid and the photocatalytic particles suspended in the contaminated fluid to form a slurry. Light irradiates the surface of the slurry, thereby activating the photocatalytic properties of the particles. The system also includes stirring blades for continuously agitating the irradiated fluid surface and for maintaining the particles in a suspended state within the fluid. The system also includes a cross flow filter for segregating the fluid (after decomposition) from the semiconductor powder. The cross flow filter is occasionally back flushed to remove any semiconductor powder that might have caked on the filter. The semiconductor powder may be recirculated back to the tank for reuse, or may be stored for future use. A series of such systems may be used to gradually decompose a chemical in the fluid. Preferably, the fluid is pretreated to remove certain metal ions which interfere with the photocatalytic process. Such pretreatment may be accomplished by dispersing semiconductor particles within the fluid, which adsorb ions or photodeposit the metal as the free metal or its insoluble oxide or hydroxide, and then removing the semiconductor particles together with the adsorbed metal ions/oxides/hydroxide/free metal from the fluid. A method of decontaminating a contaminated fluid is also disclosed.

Claims

1. A method of decontaminating a contaminated fluid by using photocatalytic particles comprising the steps of:

suspending photocatalytic particles in a contaminated fluid to form a slurry;

illuminating the slurry with light to photocatalytically activate said photocatalytic particles and thereby substantially decontaminate said contaminated fluid;

filtering the decontaminated fluid and the photocatalytic particles suspended therein in a substantially continuous operation to segregate said decontaminated fluid substantially completely from the photocatalytic particles;

changing the direction of the fluid which has passed through the filter to cause the fluid to flow back through the filter and dislodge any photocatalytic particles from the filter which have become lodged therein;

collecting the dislodged photocatalytic particles; and

collecting the fluid which has passed through the filter.

2. A method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of suspending the collected photocatalytic particles in contaminated fluid.

3. A method according to claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

forming a second slurry of the collected fluid which has passed through the filter and additional photocatalytic particles; and

illuminating the second slurry with light to photocatalytically activate the additional photocatalytic particles and thereby further decontaminate the collected fluid.

4. A method of decontaminating a contaminated fluid containing metal ions selected from the group consisting of mercury II, chromium (VI) and (II), lead (II), copper (II), and iron (II) by using a first and second set of photocatalytic particles comprising the steps of:

suspending the first set of photocatalytic particles in the contaminated fluid containing the metal ions to create a first slurry;

illuminating the first slurry with light to photocatalytically activate the first set of photocatalytic particles to cause the metal ions to associate with the first set of photocatalytic particles and partially decontaminate the contaminated fluid;

filtering the firs slurry to separate the partially decontaminated fluid from the first set of photocatalytic particles and metal associated therewith;

collecting the partially decontaminated fluid;

suspending the second set of photocatalytic particles in the partially decontaminated fluid to create a second slurry;

illuminating the second slurry with light to photocatalytically activate the second set of photocatalytic particles to further decontaminate the partially decontaminated fluid; and

filtering the second slurry to separate the further decontaminated fluid and the second set of photocatalytic particles.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the steps of:

changing the direction of the partially decontaminated fluid which has passed through the filter to cause the partially decontaminated fluid to flow back through the filter and dislodge any photocatalytic particles and metal associated therewith which have become lodged in the filter; and

removing the dislodged photocatalytic particles and metal associated therewith.

6. The method of claim 4 further comprising the steps of:

changing the direction of the further decontaminated fluid which has passed through the filter to cause the further decontaminated fluid to flow back through the filter and dislodge any of the second set of photocatalytic particles which have become lodged in the filter; and

collecting the dislodged second set of photocatalytic particles.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the steps of:

suspending the collected second set of photocatalytic particles in a contaminated fluid to create a third slurry.

8. A method of decontaminating a contaminated fluid containing metal ions selected from the group consisting of mercury II, chromium (VI) and (II), lead (II), copper (II), and iron (II) by using a first set of photocatalytic particles comprising the steps of:

suspending the first set of photocatalytic particles in the contaminated fluid containing metal ions to form a first slurry;

illuminating the first slurry with light to photocatalytically activate said first set of photocatalytic particles to cause the metal ions to associate with the first set of photocatalytic particles;

filtering the first slurry in a substantially continuous operation to segregate the fluid of the first slurry from the first set of photocatalytic particles and metal associated therewith;

changing the direction of the fluid which has passed through the filter to cause the fluid to flow back through the filter and dislodge any photocatalytic particles and metal associated therewith from the filter which have become lodged therein;

collecting the dislodged photocatalytic particles and metal associated therewith; and

collecting the fluid which has passed through the filter.

9. A method according to claim 8 further comprising the steps of:

forming a second slurry of the collected fluid which has passed through the filter and a second set of photocatalytic particles; and

illuminating the second slurry with light to photocatalytically activate the additional photocatalytic particles and decontaminate the collected fluid.