Method and apparatus for painting highway markings

• US 5,296,256 A
• Filed: 02/16/1993
• Issued: 03/22/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 11/27/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Research Derivatives Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Research Derivatives Incorporated
• Inventors: Hartman, William H.
• Primary Examiner(s): BELL, JANYCE A
• Application Number:
  US07/999,719
• Time in Patent Office: 399 Days
• Field of Search: 427/10, 427/137, 427/286, 427/140, 427/385
• US Class Current: 427/10
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 9/06 the delivery being related to the movement of a vehicle, e.g. the pump being driven by a vehicle wheel
• CPC Class Codes: E01C 23/163 for marking-out the location of the markings; Guiding or steering devices for marking apparatus, e.g. sights
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/0234 using optical markers or beacons optical beacons per se G01S1/70
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/0242 using non-visible light signals, e.g. IR or UV signals

Abstract

A method and apparatus for painting traffic marking lines over old paint markings on road pavement is disclosed. The apparatus, normally installed on a marking vehicle having a paint gun and a paint supply, includes a detector which illuminates the pavement and utilizes a spectroscope to analyze the return inspection for the presence of one or more known preselected constituents of the old paint marking to control actuation of the valve on the paint gun and also track the old pavement marking. The apparatus also provides a paint gun delay function to account for the lead distance between detector and paint gun and enables the application of new paint markings directly over the old markings at a relatively high rate of vehicle speed.

Claims

1. A method for repainting old traffic lane pavement markings on road surfaces comprising:

providing a vehicle capable of movement along the pavement and having a detection means for old markings on the pavement, a paint dispenser means and a control means for said dispenser means;

illuminating the surface with spectral emissions and causing return fluorescent emissions from the illuminated surface;

focusing the return emissions on the entrance slit of a spectroscope;

separating the spectrum of the return emissions into its component wavelengths;

at the output of the spectroscope, masking all but one or more wavelengths emitted by a specific chemical contained in the makeup of the paint being sought;

directing the desired remaining emission wavelengths into a photodetector;

amplifying the amount of any output signal from the photodetector;

measuring the amount of signal above a threshold level for determining the presence of any painted marking containing said specific chemical;

initiating said dispenser control means when the measured signal exceeds the threshold; and

applying new material to the pavement surface with said dispenser means in response to the detection method.

2. The method of claim 1, including locating the detector means a lead distance ahead of the dispenser means, delaying the operation of the dispenser control means relative to the velocity of the vehicle so as to dispense material precisely on the area viewed by the detector means.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the dispenser control means is delayed by:

entering any signal measured above the threshold into a delay line of variable effective length n;

causing the delay t_d of said delay line to be inversely proportional to the rate of vehicle travel r for a given effective length n,

varying the length n of the delay line such that at any given moment its effective length n is an inverse linear function of the rate of travel r,

using the output of the delay line for initiating said dispenser control means.

4. The method of claim 1 including;

measuring the output of the photodetector;

amplifying the measured photodetector output that exceeds a threshold; and

using the amplified output exceeding said threshold for operating a current controlled adjustable iris located in the optical path of the spectroscope in such a manner as to oppose any change of optical signal level above said threshold.

5. The method of claim 1 including;

optically chopping the return emissions at a rapid rate, thereby alternately interrupting and allowing passage of the focused emissions onto said entrance slit.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the detector assembly is located a lead distance ahead of the paint dispensing device on the vehicle and the initiating valve operating current is delayed by:

entering any signal measured above the predetermined threshold into a delay line of variable effective length n,

causing the delay t_d of said delay line to be inversely proportional to the rate of vehicle travel r for a given effective length n;

varying the length n of the delay line such that at any given moment its effective length n is an inverse linear function of the rate of travel r;

using the output of the delay line for initiating the valve operating current.

7. A method for repainting old traffic lane pavement markings on road surfaces comprising:

providing a vehicle capable of movement along the pavement and having a detection means for old markings on the pavement, a paint dispenser means and a control means for said dispenser means;

illuminating the surface with spectral emissions and stimulating return fluorescent emissions from the illuminated surface;

focusing the return emissions on the entrance slit of a spectroscope;

separating the spectrum of the return emissions into its component wavelengths;

at a output of the spectroscope, masking all but one or more wavelengths emitted by a specific chemical contained in the makeup of the paint being sought;

dividing the image plane across the mask into two paths, one being the optical path from the left side image, the other being that from the right side;

directing remaining emission wavelengths from the divided halves into two separate photodetectors;

separately amplifying the output signal from the photodetectors;

deleting the amplified signals below a threshold level;

logically ORing the remainder of the two signals in a logic OR gate;

initiating a valve operating current whenever either or both said amplified signals exceed said threshold level;

operating a valve controlling the material application;

applying the new material to the pavement surface in response to the detection method;

comparing the amplified output left side and right side signals in a linear differential amplifier to create an error signal that is proportional to the amount and direction of the lateral misalignment of the detector assembly with respect to the center of the old traffic markings on the surface of the pavement; and

modulating the power to a positioning actuator that controls the lateral position of the spectroscopic detector and material applicator in response to said error signal.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the detector on said vehicle is located a lead distance ahead of the dispensing device and the initiating valve operating current is delayed by:

entering any signal at the output of the logic OR gate into a delay line of variable effective length n,

causing the delay t_d of said delay line to be inversely proportional to the rate of vehicle travel r for a given effective length n,

varying the length n of the delay line such that at any given moment its effective length n is an inverse linear function of the rate of travel r;

using the output of the delay line for initiating the valve operating current.

9. The method of claim 7 including the steps of:

measuring the output of each of the two photodetectors;

comparing the two photodetector outputs to determine which of the two is the greater in signal amplitude;

amplifying the greater of the two that exceeds an adjustable threshold;

using the amplified output that exceeds said threshold for operating a current controlled adjustable iris located in the optical path of the spectroscope in such a manner as to oppose any change of input optical signal level above said threshold.

10. A method for repainting old traffic lane pavement markings on road surfaces comprising:

providing a vehicle capable of movement along the pavement and having a detection means for old markings on the pavement, a paint dispenser means and a control means for said dispenser means;

illuminating the surface with spectral emissions to cause return fluorescent emissions from the illuminated surface;

focusing the return emissions on the entrance slit of a spectroscope;

optically chopping the return emissions at a rapid rate, alternately interrupting first the focused emissions onto one half of said entrance slit while allowing passage through the other half, then interrupting the emissions to the other half while allowing passage through the first half, each half being illuminated approximately 49% of the time with slight overlap of the time both halves are obscured by the interrupter;

dividing the spectrum of the return emissions into its component wavelengths;

masking at the output of the spectroscope, all but one or more wavelengths emitted by specific chemicals contained in the makeup of the paint being detected;

directing remaining emission wavelengths into a photodetector;

coupling the output of the photodetector through a capacitor;

amplifying the capacitor coupled output signal from the photodetector;

clamping the output side of said capacitor to ground during the time interval of the optical dark time overlap;

generating a driving signal to operate the optical chopper;

generating a clamp pulse synchronized to occur during said dark time overlap;

demodulating the amplified photodetector signal to provide two demodulated signals 180°

out of phase with each other;

logically ORing the two demodulated outputs in a logic OR gate;

initiating a valve operating current whenever either or both said amplified demodulated signals exceed a threshold;

operating a valve controlling the material application;

applying new material to the pavement in response to the detection method;

comparing the two demodulated signals in a differential comparator to create an error signal that is proportional to the amount and direction of the lateral misalignment of the detector assembly with respect to the center of the old traffic markings on the surface of the pavement; and

modulating the power to a positioning actuator in response to said error signal to control the lateral position of the spectroscopic detector and dispensing device in such a manner as to reduce any lateral positioning error.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the detector assembly is located a lead distance ahead of the paint dispensing device on the vehicle and the initiating valve operating current is delayed by:

entering any signal at the output of the logic OR gate into a delay line of variable effective length n;

causing the delay t_d of said delay line to be inversely proportional to the rate of the vehicle travel r for a given effective length n;

varying the length n of the delay line such that at any given moment its effective length n is an inverse linear function of the rate of travel r;

using the output of the delay line for initiating the valve operating current.

12. The method of claim 10 including:

measuring the output of the photodetector;

amplifying the measured photodetector output that exceeds a threshold;

using the amplified output exceeding said threshold for operating a current controlled adjustable iris located in the optical path of the spectroscope in such a manner as to oppose any change of optical signal level above said threshold.