Layered electrotransport drug delivery system
First Claim
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1. A device for delivering a biologically active agent through a body surface by electrotransport, which surface in its natural in vivo state is exposed to a body fluid, said device comprising a plurality of essentially parallel elements, including:
- (a) a counter electrode having an ion-transmitting surface, adjacent said counter electrode, through which ions are transmitted to or from the counter electrode;
(b) a donor electrode in electrical contact with said counter electrode; and
(c) a donor reservoir containing said agent to be delivered through said body surface, said donor reservoir being in electrical contact with said donor electrode, said donor reservoir having an ion-transmitting surface through which said agent is transmitted to the body surface, wherein said donor electrode is positioned between said counter electrode and said donor reservoir;
said device further comprising;
(d) a means for preventing ion flow along a pathway external to said device and between (i) said donor electrode or said donor reservoir and (ii) said counter electrode, which pathway includes said body fluid and excludes said body surface.
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Abstract
An iontophoretic agent delivery device, having a layered structure and peripheral insulation, wherein ion transport occurs through two opposing surfaces of said device. The device is especially suited to agent delivery through body surfaces exposed to body fluids. A method of delivering an agent through a body surface exposed to body fluids is also disclosed.
234 Citations
25 Claims
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1. A device for delivering a biologically active agent through a body surface by electrotransport, which surface in its natural in vivo state is exposed to a body fluid, said device comprising a plurality of essentially parallel elements, including:
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(a) a counter electrode having an ion-transmitting surface, adjacent said counter electrode, through which ions are transmitted to or from the counter electrode; (b) a donor electrode in electrical contact with said counter electrode; and (c) a donor reservoir containing said agent to be delivered through said body surface, said donor reservoir being in electrical contact with said donor electrode, said donor reservoir having an ion-transmitting surface through which said agent is transmitted to the body surface, wherein said donor electrode is positioned between said counter electrode and said donor reservoir; said device further comprising; (d) a means for preventing ion flow along a pathway external to said device and between (i) said donor electrode or said donor reservoir and (ii) said counter electrode, which pathway includes said body fluid and excludes said body surface. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A method of delivering a biologically active agent from an iontophoretic device through at least one of two facing body surfaces, which body surfaces in their natural in vivo state are exposed to a body fluid, said device including a counter electrode, a donor reservoir containing said agent, and a donor electrode positioned between, and in electrical contact with, said counter electrode and said donor reservoir, said method comprising the steps of:
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(1) positioning said device between said facing body surfaces such that an agent-transmitting surface of said device is placed in agent-transmitting relation to one of said body surfaces and a second ion-transmitting surface of said device is placed in ion-transmitting relation with the other body surface; (2) applying an electrical potential across said body surfaces, wherein an ion transmitting pathway is formed, said pathway including said surfaces of said device and said body surfaces; and (3) electrically insulating said donor reservoir and said donor electrode from body fluid which is in electrical contact with said counter electrode via a pathway external to said body surfaces, thereby substantially preventing ion flow via a pathway through said body fluid and external to said body surfaces. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22)
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23. A method of delivering a biologically active agent from an iontophoretic device through a body surface, which surface in its natural in vivo state is exposed to a body fluid, said device including a counter electrode, a donor reservoir containing said agent, and a donor electrode positioned between and in electrical contact with said counter electrode and said donor reservoir, said method comprising the steps of:
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(1) positioning said device adjacent said body surface such that an agent-transmitting surface of said device is placed in agent-transmitting relation with said body surface, and a second ion-transmitting surface of said device is placed in ion-transmitting relation with said body fluid; (2) applying an electrical potential across said body surface and said body fluid, wherein an ion transmitting pathway is formed, said pathway including said surfaces of said device and said body surface; and (3) electrically insulating said donor reservoir and said donor electrode from body fluid which is in electrical contact with said counter electrode via a pathway external to said body surface, thereby substantially preventing ion flow via a pathway through said body fluid and external to said body surface. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25)
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Specification