Positive temperature coefficient composition

• US 5,298,721 A
• Filed: 10/21/1992
• Issued: 03/29/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 11/08/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Jack H. Smuckler
• Original Assignee: Jack H. Smuckler
• Inventors: Smuckler, Jack H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Reynolds, Bruce A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SWITZER, MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US07/964,460
• Time in Patent Office: 524 Days
• Field of Search: 219/505, 219/219, 219/548, 219/553, 219/543, 252/511, 252/502, 252/506, 252/508, 252/509, 252/500
• US Class Current: 219/505
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/0602 comprising means for cleaning or deicing
• CPC Class Codes: B60S 1/026 using electrical means
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/146 Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/845 specially adapted for reflecting surfaces, e.g. bathroom - or rearview mirrors

Abstract

A positive temperature coefficient composition including a monomeric crystalline organic material is disclosed having a preselected switching temperature below about 150° Fahrenheit. Devices incorporating same and related method of manufacture are set forth. The material includes a continuous, single phase solution of a polymer, for providing cohesion and flexibility to the positive temperature coefficient material.

Claims

1. A positive temperature coefficient composition having a preselected switching temperature, said composition comprising

(a) a continuous, single phase solution of

(i) a polymer, wherein said polymer provides cohesion and flexibility to said positive temperature coefficient composition and comprises greater than 25% by weight of said single phase solution, and

(ii) a monomeric crystallizable organic compound miscible in said polymer, having between about 10-40 carbon atoms and a characteristic crystalline melt temperature, wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbons, organic acids and alcohols, and

(b) electrically conductive particles dispersed throughout said single phase solution,

wherein said composition has a switching temperature in the vicinity of said characteristic crystalline melt temperature, and below about 150°

Fahrenheit.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer comprises 50% by weight of said single phase solution.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer is a crystalline polymer whose melting temperature is at least 10°

Fahrenheit above that of the crystallizable monomeric organic compound.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer is a non-crystalline polymer.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer is a cross-linkable polymer.

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the switching temperature occurs within 15°

Fahrenheit of the organic compound crystalline melt temperature.

7. A method of manufacturing a positive temperature coefficient material having a preselected switching temperature, said method comprising the steps of:

introducing into a polymer matrix containing dispersed electrically conductive particulate material;

a polymer-miscible monomeric crystallizable organic compound having between about 10 to 40 carbon atoms and a characteristic crystalline melt temperature in an amount sufficient to set the switching temperature of the resulting positive temperature coefficient material to a temperature range in the vicinity of said characteristic crystalline melt temperature.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said polymer is a crystalline polymer whose melting temperature is at least 10°

Fahrenheit above that of the crystallizable monomeric organic compound.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein said polymer is a non-crystalline polymer.

10. The method of claim 7 wherein said polymer is a cross-linkable polymer.

11. The method of claim 7 wherein the switching temperature of said resulting positive temperature coefficient material is within 15°

Fahrenheit of the characteristic crystalline melt temperature of said monomeric organic compound.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the switching temperature is below about 100°

Fahrenheit.

13. A positive temperature coefficient composition having a preselected switching temperature, said composition comprising

(a) a continuous, single phase solution of

(i) a polymer matrix, wherein said polymer provides cohesion and flexibility to said positive temperature coefficient composition and comprises greater than 25% by weight of said single phase solution, and

(ii) a monomeric crystallizable organic compound miscible in said polymer, said compound being having between about 10-40 carbon atoms and a characteristic crystalline melt temperature, and

(b) electrically conductive particles dispersed throughout said single phase solution,

wherein said composition has a switching temperature in the vicinity of said characteristic crystalline melt temperature.

14. The composition of claim 13 wherein said polymer is a crystalline polymer having a melt temperature at least 10°

F. above the crystalline melt temperature of the monomeric compound.

15. The composition of claim 13 wherein said polymer is a non-crystalline polymer.

16. The composition of claim 13 wherein said electrically conductive particles are carbon black particles.

17. The composition of claim 13 wherein the composition has a switching temperature in the vicinity of said crystalline melt temperature.

18. The composition of claim 17 wherein said switching temperature is about 150°

F.