Four-level multiply doped rare earth laser system

• US 5,299,210 A
• Filed: 04/28/1992
• Issued: 03/29/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Grove Hydrogen Cells LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Rutgers University
• Inventors: Pafchek, Robert, Snitzer, Elias
• Primary Examiner(s): FONT, FRANK G
• Application Number:
  US07/876,020
• Time in Patent Office: 700 Days
• Field of Search: 372/6, 372/39, 372/40, 372/41, 385/115, 385/142, 385/144, 385/126, 385/127
• US Class Current: 372/6
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06754 Fibre amplifiers H01S3/06708 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094003 the pumped medium being a fibre
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/1605 terbium
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/1616 thulium
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/1698 rare earth
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/173 fluoride glass, e.g. fluorozirconate or ZBLAN [ ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF]

Abstract

A system for producing an optical gain, the system including a host having a light conducting path doped with thulium, holmium, and at least one rare earth selected from the group consisting of europium and terbium in respective amounts sufficient to produce an optical gain by energizing the thulium to a ³ H₄ state to produce an optical gain by a ³ H₄ -³ F₄ transition, producing a 1.47 μm wavelength output. There is subsequent energy transfer from the ³ F₄ state of the thulium to a ⁵ I₇ state of the holmium, and energy transfer from the ⁵ I₇ state to the rare earth selected from the group consisting of europium and terbium. The system can include oscillator, amplifier, and superluminescence source configurations. A method for making and a method for using the system are included.

Claims

1. A system for producing an optical gain, the system comprising:

a. a pump light source;

b. a host operably connected to receive energy from said pump light source, said host having a light conducting path doped with thulium, holmium and at least one rare earth from the group consisting of europium and terbium in respective amounts sufficient to produce an optical gain energizing thulium to a ³ H₄ state to produce an optical gain by a ³ H₄ -³ F₄ transition and a gain in a region of 1.47 μ

m, with subsequent energy transfer from the ³ H₄ state of the thulium to a ⁵ I₇ state of the holmium, and energy transfer from the ⁵ I₇ state to the rare earth.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the light conducting path includes a core having an index of refraction, the core being circumferentially surrounded by a cladding with a lower index of refraction to form an optical fiber.

11. The system of claim 2, wherein the cladding is circumferentially surrounded by a second cladding glass with a lower index of refraction than that of the first cladding.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first cladding is glass doped with 0 to 0.30 mole percent europium.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the first cladding is glass doped with 0 to 0.30 mole percent terbium.

3. A system for producing an optical gain, the system comprising:

a. a pump light source;

b. a halide glass host operably connected to receive energy from said pump light source, said host having a light conducting path doped with thulium, holmium and at least one rare earth from the group consisting of europium and terbium in respective amounts sufficient to produce an optical gain from energizing the thulium to a ³ H₄ state to produce an optical gain by a ³ H₄ -³ F₄ transition and a gain in the regions of 1.47 μ

m, with subsequent energy transfer from the ³ F₄ state of the thulium to a ⁵ I₇ state of the holmium, and energy transfer from the ⁵ I ₇ state to the rare earth.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the host is a fluoride glass.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the core is made of a glass comprising the fluorides of zirconium, barium, lanthanum, aluminum, and sodium.

6. The system of claim 4, wherein the core further comprises:

40 to 60 mole percent zirconium fluoride;

15 to 25 mole percent barium fluoride;

0 to 6 mole percent lanthanum fluoride;

2 to 5 mole percent aluminum fluoride; and

0 to 25 mole percent sodium fluoride.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the core is doped with 0.01 to 1.0 mole percent of thulium.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the core is doped with 0.10 to 2.0 mole percent holmium.

9. The system of claim 6, wherein the core is doped with 0 to 0.30 mole percent of europium.

10. The system of claim 6, wherein the core is doped with 0 to 0.30 mole percent of terbium.

14. A method of making a doped fluoride laser comprising the steps of:

forming an optical fiber having a core, a cladding a first endface and a second endface, from a fluoride glass containing zirconium, barium, lanthanum, aluminum, sodium, thulium, holmium, and at least one rare earth dopant selected from the group consisting of europium and terbium, and

energizing said optical fiber the thulium to a ³ H₄ state to produce an optical gain in a region of 1.47 μ

m.

15. The method of claim 14, where the rare earth dopant is between 0 to 0.30 mole percent of europium.

16. The method of claim 14, where the rare earth dopant is between 0 to 0.30 mole percent of terbium.

17. The method of claim 14, in which the fluoride glass contains 40 to 60 mole percent zirconium fluoride, 15 to 25 mole percent barium fluoride, 0 to 6 mole percent lanthanum fluoride, 2 to 5 mole percent aluminum fluoride, 0 to 5 mole percent sodium fluoride, 0.01 to 1.0 mole percent thulium, and 0.10 to 2.0 mole percent holmium.

18. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of coupling dielectric mirrors to first and second endfaces of the fiber.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the system is an amplifier for telecommunications applications.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the system is an oscillator further comprising the steps of:

coupling a first dichroic reflector to the first endface of the optical fiber; and

coupling a second dichroic reflector to the second endface of the optical fiber.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein the system is a superluminescence source further comprising the step of coupling a first dichroic reflector to the first endface of the optical fiber.

22. A system for producing an optical gain comprising a pump light source and further comprising a core comprised of multiple individual optical fibers of the fluorides of zirconium, barium, lanthanum, aluminum and sodium and a first cladding surrounding the core, at least one of said fibers being doped with thulium, holmium and at least one rare earth from the group consisting of europium and terbium.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein multiple glass fibers further comprises:

40 to 60 mole percent zirconium fluoride;

15 to 25 mole percent barium fluoride;

0 to 6 mole percent lanthanum fluoride;

2 to 5 mole percent aluminum fluoride; and

0 to 25 mole percent sodium fluoride.

24. The system of claim 22, wherein the core further comprises at least one fiber doped with 0.10 to 1.0 mole percent of thulium.

25. The system of claim 22, wherein the core further comprises at least one fiber doped with 0.10 to 2.0 mole percent holmium.

26. The system of claim 22, wherein the core further comprises at least one fiber doped with 0.10 to 0.30 mole percent of europium.

27. The system of claim 22, wherein the core further comprises at least one fiber doped with 0.10 to 0.30 mole percent of terbium.

28. An amplifier for amplifying the light from a light pump comprising:

an optical fiber fluoride glass core having an index of refraction and comprising zirconium, barium, aluminum, lanthanum and sodium;

a cladding layer having an index of refraction less than the index of refraction of the fluoride glass core; and

the fluoride glass core further comprising the dopants thulium, holmium and at least one rare earth dopant to produce a gain in the ³ H₄ state to produce light amplification.

29. The amplifier of claim 28, wherein the rare earth dopant is europium.

30. The amplifier of claim 28, wherein the rare earth dopant is terbium.

31. A method for using a optical fiber having a glass core, a first cladding circumferentially surrounding the core, a first endface and a second endface, the glass core being doped with thulium, holmium, and at least one rare earth dopant selected from the group consisting of europium and terbium for amplifying the light of a light pump comprising the steps of:

coupling the first endface of the optical fiber to a light pump;

pumping light into the first endface of the optical fiber; and

producing an output signal from the second endface of the optical fiber.

32. The method of claim 31, further comprising the step of coupling a signal light to the first endface of the optical fiber.

33. The method of claim 31, further comprising the step of coupling a signal light to the second endface of the optical fiber.

34. A system for producing an optical gain, the system comprising:

a. a pump light source;

b. a host operably connected to receive energy from said pump light source, said host having a light conducting path doped with thulium, holmium and dopant means for depopulating the ⁵ I₇ state of the holmium in respective amounts sufficient to produce an optical gain from energizing the thulium to a ³ H₄ state producing optical gain by a ³ H₄ -³ F₄ transition and a gain in a region of 1.47 μ

m, with subsequent energy transfer from ³ H₄ state of thulium to a ⁵ I₇ state of the holmium, and energy transfer from the ⁵ I₇ state to the dopant means for depopulating the ⁵ I₇ state of the holmium.

35. A system of claim 34, wherein the dopant means is europium.

36. A system of claim 35, wherein the dopant means is terbium.