Toner compositions with negative charge enhancing complexes

• US 5,302,481 A
• Filed: 06/07/1993
• Issued: 04/12/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Ong, Beng S.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARTIN, ROLAND E
• Application Number:
  US08/072,252
• Time in Patent Office: 309 Days
• Field of Search: 430/106, 430/106.6, 430/110
• US Class Current: 430/108.24
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/09783 Organo-metallic compounds

Abstract

A negatively charged toner composition comprised of resin, pigment particles and/or dyes, optional surface additives, and an aluminum complex charge enhancing additive obtained from the reaction of aluminum ion with two molar equivalents, each of an ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid and an ortho-hydroxyphenol in the presence of a base.

Claims

1. A negatively charged toner composition comprised of resin, pigment particles and/or dyes, optional surface additives, and an aluminum complex charge enhancing additive obtained from the reaction of aluminum ion with two molar equivalents, each of an ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid and an ortho-hydroxyphenol in the presence of a base.

12. A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 with a negative triboelectric charge of from between about -10 to about -40 microcoulombs per gram.

13. A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin is styrene polymers, acrylic or methacrylic polymers, polyesters, or mixtures thereof.

18. A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are carbon black, magnetites, or mixtures thereof, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, blue, green, brown pigments, or mixtures thereof.

20. A developer composition comprised of the toner composition of claim 1 and carrier particles.

24. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge enhancing additive is bis(catecholato)-bis(salicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-methylcatecholato)-bis(salicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-methylcatecholato)-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(catecholato)-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(salicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(3,5-diiodosalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-methylcatecholato)-bis(3,5-diiodosalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-methylcatecholato)-bis(5-iodosalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(5-iodosalicylato)aluminum (III), or bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(3-methylsalicylato)aluminum (III).

2. A negatively charged toner composition comprised of polymer, colorant, optional surface additives, and an aluminum complex charge enhancing additive of the formula (I), (II), or mixtures thereof ##STR7## wherein R and R'"'"' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, halogen, nitro and amino;

M⁺ represents a counter cation; and

x and y are numbers of from 1 to 3.

3. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein M⁺ is H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺, NH⁺, NH₂⁺, RNH₃⁺, and NH₄⁺ wherein and R is alkyl.

4. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein R and R'"'"' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.

5. A toner composition in accordance with claim 4 wherein alkyl contains from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.

6. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge additive is present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 5 weight percent.

7. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge additive is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent.

8. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge additive is incorporated into the toner.

9. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge additive is present on the surface of the toner.

10. A toner composition in accordance with claim 9 wherein the charge additive is contained on colloidal silica particles present on the surface of the toner.

11. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the toner'"'"'s rate of charging is less than about 60 seconds when charging is accomplished by friction against carrier particles via roll milling.

14. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the polymer is styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates, or styrene butadienes.

15. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 containing a wax component which has a weight average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 7,000.

16. A toner composition in accordance with claim 15 wherein the waxy component is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene.

17. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the surface additives are metal salts of a fatty acid, colloidal silicas, or mixtures thereof.

19. A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the colorant is carbon black, magnetites, or mixtures thereof, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, blue, green, brown pigments or dyes, or mixtures thereof.

21. A developer composition comprised of the toner composition of claim 2 and carrier particles.

22. A developer composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein the carrier particles are ferrites, steel, or an iron powder with a polymer, or mixture of polymer, coating thereover.

23. A developer composition in accordance with claim 22 wherein the coating is methyl terpolymer, a polyvinylidine fluoride, a polymethyl methacrylate, or a mixture of polymers not in close proximity in the triboelectric series.

25. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge enhancing additive is bis(catecholato)-bis(salicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-methylcatecholato)-bis(salicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-methylcatecholato)-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(catecholato)-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(salicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(3,5-diiodosalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-methylcatecholato)-bis(3,5-diiodosalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-methylcatecholato)-bis(5-iodosalicylato)aluminum (III), bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(5-iodosalicylato)aluminum (III), or bis(4-tert-butylcatecholato)-bis(3methylsalicylato)aluminum (III).