Apparatus for combining data produced from multiple radars illuminating a common target area

• US 5,302,955 A
• Filed: 10/19/1992
• Issued: 04/12/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 10/19/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Grumman Aerospace Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Grumman Aerospace Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Kadar, Ivan, Koutsoudis, Theodore, Schutte, Peter C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hellner, Mark
• Application Number:
  US07/962,911
• Time in Patent Office: 540 Days
• Field of Search: 342/59
• US Class Current: 342/59
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/52 Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/87 Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar

Abstract

An apparatus for combining signals from a plurality of radar installations is described. A methodology for combining signals from a pluraltiy of radar installations/sensors has been developed. This methodology provides enhanced target detection performance by properly fusing together the commensurate range-Doppler filter bins of each sensor. In this methodology, the processing of each of the individual radars in the Doppler frequency domain is provided such that a common velocity domain is obtained from each of the radars. Using a zero fill discrete Fourier transform, the velocity domain obtained from each radar is further normalized to have a common bin size. Additionally, for the higher frequency radars, the normalized velocity bins are unfolded so that each radar signal produces the same number of velocity bins in its respective velocity domain. Once the common velocity coordinate has been obtained a vector addition of the resulting velocity bins produces a common radar velocity signal which can be detected and processed. Combining radar signals before detection results in a gain in sensitivity over systems which combine signals after detection.

Claims

1. An apparatus for combining radar signals from a plurality of radars which illuminate a common target at different PRF, providing multiple samples of a plurality of range bins representing an increment of radial distance to said target comprising:

first, second and third analog-to-digital converters for respectively converting each radar signal to a digital signal representation;

first, second and third complex discrete Fourier transform filters for respectively receiving the digitized signals, said filters providing from said digitized signals first, second and third groups of velocity range bins, representing substantially the same velocity increment of said common target;

first means for unfolding said second group of velocity range bins to be identical in number to each of said first group of velocity range bins;

second means for unfolding said third group of velocity range bins to be identical in number to each of said first group of velocity range bins; and

,

means for combining said first group of velocity range bins with corresponding velocity range bins from said first and second means for unfolding, whereby a single group of velocity range cells are provided.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:

said first complex discrete Fourier transform filter

provides a plurality of velocity range bins N_out corresponding to the number of samples in said first radar signal; and

said second and third complex discrete Fourier transform filters provide velocity bins having a number of velocity range bins Nut from a smaller number of samples received from said second and third radars, respectively.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said second and third complex discrete Fourier transform filters have a transfer function in accordance with:

##EQU7## where X_k is the respective sample value of said second and third radar signals which comprise a distance range bin for said second and third radars, N is the number of samples in said distance range bin, M is the number of samples in said first radar distance range bind and PRF is the respective radar pulse rate frequency.

4. The apparatus for combining radar signals from a plurality of radars according to claim 3, wherein said first and second means for unfolding comprise a device which folds the velocity range cells a number of times (N_folds) which is related to the relative PRF rates of the second and third radars to the first radar.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said first and second means for unfolding has a transfer function corresponding to:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Y((j * M.sub.i)+i) Y(i)

where i=1, M_i

j=O, N_folds, by 1

where M_i represents the number of velocity bins before folding, N_folds is the number of times M_i needs to be repeated.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first, second and third radars each produce an inphase and quadrature reflection signal.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising weighting means for weighting said first group of velocity range bins and said corresponding velocity range bins from said first and second means for unfolding to compensate for variations in gain between each of said radars.

8. An apparatus for combining radar signals from two or more radar receivers, having a different PRF and different carrier frequency illuminating a common target comprising:

means connected to each radar receiver for respectively digitizing a plurality of reflection signal samples of a corresponding plurality of radial range bins;

means for deriving from each digitized sample of each of said radial range bins a plurality of respective velocity range bins corresponding to each digitized sample;

means for compressing the velocity range bins from the respective radars having the lower PRF and lower frequency to represent an increment of velocity which corresponds to the higher PFR, higher frequency range bins,

whereby common velocity corrdinates are obtained for each of said radars;

means for unfolding the respective velocity range bins obtained from the higher PRF higher frequency radars to obtain a corresponding number of compressed velocity range bins produced by said lower PRF lower frequency radar; and

,

means for combining said unfolded velocity range bins with corresponding compressed velocity range bins from said lower PRF radar.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising means for weighting each signal received by said combining means.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said means for compressing the velocity range bins comprises a filter having a zero fill discrete Fourier transform function.

11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said means for folding the velocity range bins repeating the velocity range bins over an extended velocity range.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said velocity range is defined by the lower PRF rate.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the extended velocity range is an integer multiple of the number of samples produced by each radar.

14. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein each radar produces in-phase and quadrature reflection signals from said target.