Laser light beam homogenizer and imaging lidar system incorporating same

• US 5,303,084 A
• Filed: 08/27/1991
• Issued: 04/12/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 08/27/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kaman Aerospace Corporation (Kaman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kaman Aerospace Corporation (Kaman Corporation)
• Inventors: Pflibsen, Kent P., Stuppi, Albert N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Henry, Jon W.
• Application Number:
  US07/750,572
• Time in Patent Office: 959 Days
• Field of Search: 359/503, 359/894, 359/861, 359/862, 359/599, 359/730, 385/146, 385/133, 385/901, 362/32, 362/259
• US Class Current: 359/503
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/09 Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for adapting the beam shape of a laser diode G02B19/0052; adapting the beam shape of an LED G02B19/0061; coupling into light guides using intermediate optical elements G02B6/4204; beam shaping specially adapted for lasers H01S3/005
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0927 Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0994 Fibers, light pipes optical fibers per se G02B6/02

Abstract

A new and improved laser light beam homogenizer for transforming a laser beam with spatially inhomogeneous intensity into a beam with a more nearly spatially uniform intensity pattern is presented. The light beam is diverged by a lens and presented to an integrator. The integrator transforms the beam into a beam with a more uniform illumination. The uniform illumination beam is then impinged on control optics to limit the divergence of the uniform beam and control higher order distortion in the system. This beam may then be illuminated at a predetermined distance by a projecting optic lens. The laser light beam homogenizer of this invention is particularly well suited for use in an imaging lidar system.

Claims

1. In a laser light beam homogenizer having diverging means for diverging a light beam with spatially inhomogeneous intensity, said light having a coherence length L_C with said diverging means providing a diverging light beam, integrator means having a first aperture for receiving said diverging light beam and having a plurality of internally reflective surfaces for forming an array of apparent light sources, the light from each apparent source in said array being superposed by said integrator means at a second aperture thereof, each individual light ray from each apparent source following a distinct light path to said second aperture to provide a uniform illumination beam, and minimum path length difference means for providing a minimum path length difference between the individual path lengths of any two rays coincident at said second aperture and arising from adjacent apparent sources in said array, said minimum path length difference means being at least said coherence length L_C of said beam, wherein the improvement comprises:

control optics means for receiving said uniform illumination beam from said integrator means, said control optics means for reducing the divergence and the radiance of said uniform illumination beam, said control optics means providing a controlled beam;

wherein said control optics means comprises;

(1) first lens means having a first pair of opposed optical surfaces, one of said first surfaces receiving said uniform illumination beam, said first lens means reducing the divergence of said uniform illumination beam and providing a reduced divergence uniform beam; and

(2) second lens means having a second pair of opposed optical surfaces, one of said second surfaces being disposed adjacent to one of said first surfaces for receiving said reduced divergence uniform beam, said second lens means providing said controlled beam and controlling higher order distortion in said controlled beam; and

wherein said first lens comprises a plano-convex lens, whereby one of said first surfaces is convex and one of said first surfaces is flat; and

wherein said second lens comprises an aspheric lens.

2. A laser light beam homogenizer comprising:

diverging mans for diverging a light beam with spatially inhomogeneous intensity, said light having a coherence length L_C, said diverging means providing a diverging light beam;

integrator means having a first aperture for receiving said diverging light beam and having a plurality of internally reflective surfaces for forming an array of apparent light sources, the light from each apparent source in said array being superposed by said integrator means at a second aperture thereof, each individual light ray from each apparent source following a distinct light path to said second aperture to provide a uniform illumination beam;

minimum path length difference means for providing a minimum path length difference between the individual path lengths of any two rays coincident at said second aperture and arising from adjacent apparent sources in said array, said minimum path length difference means being at least said coherence length L_C of said beam;

control optics means for receiving said uniform illumination beam from said integrator means, said control optics means for reducing the divergence and the radiance of said uniform illumination beam, said control optics means providing a controlled beam;

wherein at least one of said plurality of internally reflective surfaces being a movable internally reflective surface; and

means for moving said movable internally reflective surface to control the aspect ratio of said uniform illumination beam.

3. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 2 wherein said diverging means comprises:

a bi-concave lens being positioned at a distance from said first aperture of said integrator means, whereby said light beam diverges so that substantially all of the extreme rays of said diverging light beam are received by said first aperture.

4. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 2 wherein said integrator means includes an optical axis longitudinally therethrough and wherein:

said internally reflective surfaces are parallel to said optical axis and to each other to provide a uniformly sized cross section.

5. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 4 wherein said internally reflective surfaces are flat.

6. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 4 wherein said integrator means comprises at least four internally reflective surfaces.

7. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 2 further comprising:

projection optics means for collecting said control beam for illumination at a predetermined distance.

8. A method for homogenizing a laser light beam, comprising the steps of:

diverging a light beam with spatially inhomogeneous intensity to provide a diverging light beam, said light beam having a coherence length L_C ;

forming an array of apparent light sources form said diverging light beam, the light from each apparent source in said array being superposed by an integrator at a first aperture thereof, each individual light ray from each apparent source following a distinct light path from said first aperture to a second aperture to provide a uniform illumination beam;

providing a minimum path length difference between the individual path lengths of any two rays coincident at said second aperture and arising from adjacent apparent sources in said array, said minimum path length difference means being at least said coherence length L_C of said light beam; and

reducing the divergence and radiance of said uniform illumination beam to provide a controlled uniform beam;

wherein at least one of said plurality of internally reflective surfaces being a movable internally reflective surface; and

moving said movable internally reflective surface to control the aspect ratio of said uniform illumination beam.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprises:

collecting said control beam; and

projecting said control beam a predetermined distance.

10. A laser light beam homogenizer comprising:

diverging means for diverging a light beam with spatially inhomogeneous intensity, said light beam having a coherence length L_C, said diverging means providing a diverging light beam;

integrator means having a first aperture for receiving said diverging light beam and having a plurality of movable internally reflective surfaces for forming an array of apparent light sources, the light from each apparent source in said array being superposed by said integrator means at a second aperture thereof each individual light ray from each apparent source following a distinct light path to said second aperture to provide a uniform illumination beam;

means for moving said movable internally reflective surface to control the aspect ratio of said uniform illumination beam; and

minimum path length difference means for providing a minimum path length difference between the individual path lengths of any two rays coincident at said second aperture and arising from adjacent apparent sources in said array, said minimum path length difference means being at least said coherence length L_C of said light beam.

11. In a laser light beam homogenizer having diverging means for diverging a light beam with spatially inhomogeneous intensity, said light having a coherence length L_C with said diverging means providing a diverging light beam, integrator means having a first aperture for receiving said diverging light beam and having a plurality of internally reflective surfaces for forming an array of apparent light sources, the light from each apparent source in said array being superposed by said integrator means at a second aperture thereof, each individual light ray from each apparent source following a distinct light path to said second aperture to provide a uniform illumination beam, and minimum path length difference means for providing a minimum path length difference between the individual path lengths of any two rays conincident at said second aperture and arising form adjacent apparent sources in said array, said minimum path length difference means being at least said coherence length L_C of said beam, wherein the improvement comprises:

control optics means for receiving said uniform illumination beam, said control optics means reducing the divergence of said uniform illumination beam and providing a controlled beam, wherein said control optics means comprises;

(1) first lens means having a first pair of opposed optical surfaces, one of said first surfaces receiving said uniform illumination beam, said first lens means reducing the divergence of said uniform illumination beam and providing a reduced divergence uniform beam; and

(2) second lens means having a second pair of opposed optical surfaces, one of said second surfaces being disposed adjacent to one of said first surfaces for receiving said reduced divergence uniform beam, said second lens means providing said controlled beam and controlling higher order distortion in said controlled beam; and

wherein said first lens comprises a plano-convex lens, whereby one of said first surfaces is convex and one of said first surfaces is flat; and

wherein said second lens comprises an aspheric lens.

12. A laser light beam homogenizer comprising:

diverging means for diverging a light beam with spatially inhomogeneous intensity, said light having a coherence length L_C, said diverging means providing a diverging light beam;

integrator means having a first aperture for receiving said diverging light beam and having a plurality of internally reflective surfaces for forming an array of apparent light sources, the light from each apparent source in said array being superposed by said integrator means at a second aperture thereof, each individual light ray from each apparent source following a distinct light path to said second aperture to provide a uniform illumination beam;

minimum path length difference means for providing a minimum path length difference between the individual path lengths of any two rays coincident at said second aperture and arising from adjacent apparent sources in said array, said minimum path length difference means being at least said coherence length L_C of said beam;

control optics means for receiving said uniform illumination beam, said control optics means reducing the divergence of said uniform illumination beam and providing a controlled beam;

wherein at least one of said plurality of internally reflective surfaces being a movable internally reflective surface; and

means for moving said movable internally reflective surface to control the aspect ratio of said uniform illumination beam.

14. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 12 wherein said diverging means comprises:

a bi-concave lens being positioned at a distance from said first aperture of said integrator means, whereby said light beam diverges so that substantially all of the extreme rays of said diverging light beam are received by said first aperture.

15. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 12 wherein said integrator means includes an optical axis longitudinally therethrough and wherein:

said internally reflective surfaces are parallel to said optical axis and to each other to provide a uniformly sized cross section.

16. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 15 wherein said internally reflective surfaces are flat.

17. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 15 wherein said integrator means comprises at least four internally reflective surfaces.

18. The laser light beam homogenizer of claim 12 further comprising:

projection optics means for collecting said control beam for illumination at a predetermined distance.

13. A method for homogenizing a laser light beam, comprising the steps of:

diverging a light beam with spatially inhomogeneous intensity to provide a diverging light beam, said light beam having a coherence length L_C ;

forming an array of apparent light sources from said diverging light beam, the light from each apparent source in said array being superposed by an integrator at a first aperture thereof, each individual light ray from each apparent source following a distinct light path from said first aperture to a second aperture to provide a uniform illumination beam;

providing a minimum path length difference between the individual path lengths of any two rays coincident at said second aperture and arising from adjacent apparent sources in said array, said minimum path length difference means being at least said coherence length L_C of said light beam;

reducing the divergence of said uniform illumination beam to provide a controlled uniform beam;

wherein at least one of said plurality of internally reflective surfaces being a movable internally reflective surface; and

moving said movable internally reflective surface to control the aspect ratio of said uniform illumination beam.

19. The method of claim 13 further comprises:

collecting said controlled uniform beam; and

projecting said controlled uniform beam a predetermined distance.