Adjustable filter for differential microphones

• US 5,303,307 A
• Filed: 03/23/1993
• Issued: 04/12/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 07/17/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: AT&T, Inc.
• Original Assignee: AT&T, Inc.
• Inventors: Morgan, Dennis R., West, James E., Elko, Gary W., Kubli, Robert A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Isen, Forester W.
• Application Number:
  US08/035,551
• Time in Patent Office: 385 Days
• Field of Search: 381/92, 381/94, 381/111, 381/98
• US Class Current: 381/92
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/38 in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 3/005 for combining the signals of two or more microphones specially adapted for hearing aids H04R25/407
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 3/08 of electromagnetic transducers

Abstract

A method and apparatus for providing a differential microphone with a desired frequency response are disclosed. The desired frequency response is provided by operation of a filter, having an adjustable frequency response, coupled to the microphone. The frequency response of the filter is set by operation of a controller, also coupled to the microphone, based on signals received from the microphone. The desired frequency response may be determined based upon the distance between the microphone and a source of sound, and may comprise both a relative frequency response and absolute output level. The frequency response of the filter may comprise the substantial inverse of the frequency response of the microphone to provide a flat response. Furthermore, the filter may comprise a Butterworth filter.

Claims

1. A method for providing a differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the differential microphone coupled to a filter having a frequency response which is adjustable, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving one or more output signals from the differential microphone;

determining a distance between the differential microphone and a source of sound based on the received one or more output signals;

determining a filter frequency response, based on the determined distance, to provide the differential microphone with the desired response; and

adjusting the filter to exhibit the determined response.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the distance comprises an operating distance.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein one or more values of a function of the differential microphone outputs are determined at known distances and wherein the step of determining a distance comprises the steps of:

observing a value of the function based on the received one or more output signals; and

comparing the observed value with the one or more determined values to determine the distance.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the function comprises a ratio of outputs.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining a filter frequency response further comprises the step of determining a half-power frequency of the filter based on a determined distance.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining a distance is performed in response to a user command.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining a distance is performed periodically.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining a filter frequency response comprises the step of determining a substantial inverse of the frequency response of the differential microphone.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the filter comprises a Butterworth filter.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining a filter frequency response is performed only when the one or more output signals are produced in response to an active source of sound to be detected by the microphone.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the filter comprises and amplifier having an adjustable gain and wherein the step of determining a filter frequency response further comprises the steps of:

determining an amplifier gain, based on the determined distance for providing the differential microphone with a desired output level; and

adjusting the amplifier to exhibit the determined gain.

12. An apparatus for providing a cardioid microphone with a desired frequency response, the apparatus comprising:

an adjustable low-pass filter, coupled to the cardioid microphone; and

a controller, coupled to the cardioid microphone and the low-pass filter, for adjusting the low-pass filter to provide the cardioid microphone with the desired response based on one or more signals received from the cardioid microphone.

13. An apparatus for providing a differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the apparatus comprising:

an adjustable filter, coupled to the differential microphone; and

a controller, coupled to the differential microphone and the filter for determining a distance between the differential microphone and a source of sound based on one or more output signals received from the microphone and for adjusting the filter to provide the differential microphone with the desired response.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the controller comprises:

a detector for determining average values of the one or more signals received from the differential microphone; and

a divider for determining a ratio of average signal values.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the filter is adjusted to exhibit a frequency response which is a substantial inverse of the frequency response of the differential microphone.

16. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the filter comprises a Butterworth filter.

17. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising a threshold detector for determining when a source of sound to be detected by the microphone is active.

18. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the differential microphone comprises a pressure differential microphone and the filter comprises a low-pass filter.

19. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the differential microphone comprises a velocity differential microphone and the filter comprises a high-pass filter.

20. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the differential microphone comprises a velocity differential microphone and the filter comprises a band-pass filter.

21. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the differential microphone comprises a displacement differential microphone and the filter comprises a high-pass filter.

22. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the differential microphone comprises a cardioid microphone and the filter comprises a low-pass filter.

23. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the filter comprises an amplifier having a gain which is adjustable by the controller based on the determined distance.

36. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the distance comprises an operating distance.

24. A microphone system comprising:

a differential microphone for providing one or more output signals;

a filter, coupled to the differential microphone and having a frequency response which is adjustable, for filtering the output signals; and

a controller, coupled to the differential microphone and the filter, for determining a distance between the differential microphone and a source of sound based on the one or more output signals received from the differential microphone and for adjusting the frequency response of the filter based on the determined distance to provide a desired frequency response for the system.

25. The microphone system of claim 24 wherein the filter comprises an amplifier having a gain which is adjustable by the controller based on the determined distance.

37. The microphone system of claim 24 wherein the distance comprises an operating distance.

26. A communication device comprising:

a differential microphone for providing one or more output signals;

a filter, coupled to the differential microphone and having a frequency response which is adjustable, for filtering the output signals; and

a controller, coupled to the differential microphone and the filter, for determining a distance between the differential microphone and a source of sound based on the one or more output signals received from the differential microphone and for adjusting the frequency response of the filter based on the determined distance to provide a desired frequency response for the system.

27. The communication device of claim 26 wherein the filter comprises an amplifier having a gain which is adjustable by the controller based on the determined distance.

38. The communication device of claim 26 wherein the distance comprises an operating distance.

28. A method for providing a differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the differential microphone coupled to a filter having a frequency response which is adjustable, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving one or more output signals from the differential microphone;

determining a filter frequency response based on the received one or more output signals to provide the differential microphone with the desired response, wherein the determined frequency response reflects a substantial inverse of the frequency response of the differential microphone; and

adjusting the filter to exhibit the determined response.

29. A method for providing a differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the differential microphone coupled to a Butterworth filter having a frequency response which is adjustable, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving one or more output signals from the differential microphone;

determining a Butterworth filter frequency response, based on the received one or more output signals, to provide the differential microphone with the desired response; and

adjusting the Butterworth filter to exhibit the determined response.

30. An apparatus for providing a differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the apparatus comprising:

an adjustable filter, coupled to the differential microphone; and

a controller, coupled to the differential microphone and the filter, for adjusting the filter to provide the differential microphone with the desired response based on one or more signals received from the differential microphone, the controller including

a detector for determining average values of the one or more signals

received from the differential microphone, and

a divider for determining a ratio of average signal values.

31. An apparatus for providing a differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the apparatus comprising:

an adjustable filter, coupled to the microphone; and

a controller, coupled to the microphone and the filter, for adjusting the filter to exhibit a frequency response based on one or more signals received from the differential microphone, which frequency response is a substantial inverse of the frequency response of the differential microphone, to provide the differential microphone with the desired response.

32. An apparatus for providing a differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the apparatus comprising:

an adjustable Butterworth filter, coupled to the microphone; and

a controller, coupled to the microphone and the Butterworth filter, for adjusting the Butterworth filter to provide the differential microphone with the desired response based on one or more signals received from the differential microphone.

33. An apparatus for providing a pressure differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the apparatus comprising:

an adjustable low-pass filter, coupled to the pressure differential microphone; and

a controller, coupled to the pressure differential microphone and the low-pass filter, for adjusting the low-pass filter to provide the pressure differential microphone with the desired response based on one or more signals received from the pressure differential microphone.

34. An apparatus for providing a velocity differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the apparatus comprising:

an adjustable high-pass filter, coupled to the velocity differential microphone; and

a controller, coupled to the velocity differential microphone and the high-pass filter, for adjusting the frequency response of the high-pass filter to provide the velocity differential microphone with the desired response based on one or more signals received from the velocity differential microphone.

35. An apparatus for providing a displacement differential microphone with a desired frequency response, the apparatus comprising:

an adjustable high-pass filter, coupled to the displacement differential microphone; and

a controller, coupled to the displacement differential microphone and the high-pass filter, for adjusting the frequency response of the high-pass filter to provide the displacement differential microphone with the desired response based on one or more signals received from the displacement differential microphone.