Method of coding 32-kb/s audio signals

• US 5,303,346 A
• Filed: 08/05/1992
• Issued: 04/12/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 08/12/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Alcatel NV (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Alcatel NV (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Thierer, Gebhard, Fesseler, Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Fleming, Michael R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Doerrler, Michelle
• Application Number:
  US07/924,922
• Time in Patent Office: 615 Days
• Field of Search: 381/29-53, 381/106, 395/2.39, 395/2.12
• US Class Current: 704/230
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/035 Scalar quantisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/665 using psychoacoustic properties of the ear, e.g. masking effect

Abstract

Coding digitized audio signals includes dividing an audio signal, consisting of a continuous sequence of sample values, into successive blocks of equal length, and performing overlapping windowing. The blocks are transformed into complex Fourier coefficients by means of a discrete Fourier transform, which complex Fourier coefficients are decomposed into magnitude values and phase values. The phase values are quantized with a linear quantization characteristic which becomes coarser going from low toward high frequencies. The magnitude values are combined into frequency bands which are oriented with regard to predetermined critical bands and become wider toward high frequencies. Quantization levels for each frequency band are fixed, taking into account a lower, frequency-dependent, absolute threshold of hearing, such that a range lying below the respective threshold of hearing is disregarded, and taking into account a relative threshold of hearing, such that ranges in the neighborhood of frequencies with large magnitude values are taken into account to a reduced extent. A number of sub-bands consisting of single values of the frequency bands are fixed, and the greatest single magnitude value of each sub-band is determined. Variable quantization of each frequency band is performed by quantizing the greatest magnitude value of a sub-band with a maximum available number of bits and all other magnitude values with a smaller number of bits.

Claims

1. A method of coding digitized audio signals, comprising the steps of:

dividing an audio signal, consisting of a continuous sequence of sample values, into successive blocks of equal length, and performing overlapping windowing;

transforming the blocks into complex Fourier coefficients by means of a discrete Fourier transform;

decomposing the complex Fourier coefficients into magnitude values and phase values;

quantizing the phase values with a linear quantization characteristic which becomes coarser going from low toward high frequencies;

combining the magnitude values into frequency bands which are oriented with regard to predetermined critical bands and become wider toward high frequencies;

fixing quantization levels for each frequency band, taking into account a frequency-dependent, absolute threshold of hearing, such that a frequency range lying below the respective frequency-dependent, absolute threshold of hearing is disregarded, and taking into account a relative threshold of hearing, such that frequency ranges in the immediate vicinity of frequencies with large magnitude values are taken into account to a reduced extent;

fixing a number of sub-bands consisting of single values of the frequency bands, and determining the greatest single magnitude value of each sub-band, and

performing variable quantization of each frequency band by quantizing the greatest magnitude value of a sub-band with a maximum available number of bits and all other magnitude values with a smaller number of bits.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of dividing the audio signal into blocks and performing windowing comprises:

dividing the continuous sequence of sample values into blocks of 256 values, and

using a rectangular cosine function for the overlapping windowing.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of quantizing the phase values comprises:

quantizing the phase values, beginning with 5 bits for the lowest frequency and linearly decreasing down to 2 bits for the highest frequency.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of quantizing the phase values comprises:

quantizing the phase values, beginning with 5 bits for the lowest frequency and linearly decreasing down to 2 bits for the highest frequency.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of fixing quantization levels comprises:

weighting the lower threshold of hearing and the relative threshold of hearing to fix the quantization levels, such that the threshold having the greater magnitude value is assigned a greater weight.

6. A method of coding digitized audio signals, comprising the steps of:

dividing an audio signal, consisting of a continuous sequence of sample values, into successive blocks of equal length, and performing overlapping windowing;

transforming the blocks into complex Fourier coefficients by means of a discrete Fourier transform;

decomposing the complex Fourier coefficients into magnitude values and phase values;

taking into account a relative threshold of hearing, such that those magnitude values of coefficients which lie in the immediate vicinity of frequency lines with large magnitude values are either fully taken into account or disregarded;

dividing the magnitude values into frequency bands which are oriented with regard to critical bands and become wider toward high frequencies;

fixing quantization levels for each frequency band, taking into account a frequency-dependent, absolute threshold of hearing, such that a range of frequencies lying below the respective frequency-dependent, absolute threshold of hearing is disregarded, and

performing variable quantization of the magnitude and phase values with a quantization characteristic which becomes coarser going from low toward high frequencies, with the value zero being quantized for those magnitude values of coefficients which lie below the relative threshold of hearing or below the absolute threshold of hearing, no value being quantized for the associated phase values, whereby the bits not needed for said associated phase values are used for a more accurate quantization of the nonzero magnitude and phase values.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising the steps of:

determining a spectral roughness for the magnitude values grouped into frequency bands by forming a quotient of each magnitude value and a geometric mean of the respective frequency band, and

if a maximum magnitude value in a respective frequency band exceeds the geometric mean by a predetermined factor, taking into account only this maximum magnitude value and the position of this maximum magnitude value within the respective frequency band, and if the maximum magnitude value in a respective frequency band does not exceed the geometric means by the predetermined factor, taking into account a value representative of the geometric mean of all magnitude values in the frequency band.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7, further comprising the steps of:

if only the maximum magnitude value of a frequency band is taken into account, taking into account the value zero for all other magnitude values of the frequency band, and

using bits not needed for associated phase values for the nonzero magnitude and phase values.

9. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein:

a value of 2 is used as the predeterminable factor.