Multi-spectral seeker antenna

• US 5,307,077 A
• Filed: 03/18/1992
• Issued: 04/26/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 12/14/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Dynamics Corporation Air Defense Systems Division Pomona Facility
• Original Assignee: Hughes Missile Systems Company
• Inventors: Pietrasz, Richard M., Branigan, John T., Killackey, Henry T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hille, Rolf
• Assistant Examiner(s): BROWN, PETER T
• Application Number:
  US07/854,356
• Time in Patent Office: 769 Days
• Field of Search: 342/53, 343/720, 343/725, 343/700 MS:771, 343/911, 343/911 R, 343/753, 343/909, 343/781 CA
• US Class Current: 343/720
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/008 Combinations of different guidance systems
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2253 Passive homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and do not requiring an active illumination of the target
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2286 using radio waves
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2293 using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/4463 using phased arrays
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/66 Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/86 Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/0013 said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/45 using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device

Abstract

A multi-spectral seeker system for detecting radiation in the infrared (IR) band and a plurality of radio frequency (RF) bands suitable for use in a guided missile is disclosed. The IR and RF seekers are coaxially integrated on a single gimbaled platform and share a common aperture without significant performance degradation. In the preferred embodiment, the IR seeker uses a Cassegrainian reflector assembly with surfaces reflective to IR but transparent to RF signals. The first RF seeker uses a resonant dichroic reflector antenna which is transparent to RF signals at frequencies no closer than 0.5 octaves from the dichroic reflector system operating frequency. The second RF seeker may use any suitable RF antenna system although a planar-array of multi-mode spiral antennas or a standard flat plate slotted array are preferred. The second RF seeker may operate in an active, semi-active, or passive mode. The IR seeker means and both RF seeker means together provide coaxial seeking in a single aperture covering three frequency bands without significant loss of performance in the RF antenna and IR sensor. The material on which the parabolic reflector is formed is tapered in thickness as a function of radius to eliminate phase delays introduced by the curvature as seen by the second RF seeker.

Claims

1. A multi-spectral seeker system for detecting radiation within a plurality of frequency bands throughout the electromagnetic spectrum, a first band being in the ultraviolet-through-infrared portion and at least two additional bands being in the remaining lower frequency portion of said spectrum, comprising:

a first dichroic energy collection means, being transparent to radiant energy in said additional bands and having a first boresight axis, for collecting energy in said first band;

first conversion means for converting radiant energy collected in said first band to an electrical signal;

a second dichroic energy collection means, being transparent to radiant energy in all but the first of said additional bands and having a second boresight axis, for collecting energy in said first additional band;

second conversion means for converting radiant energy collected in said first additional band to an electrical signal;

at least one third energy collection means, having a third boresight axis, for collecting energy in the second of said additional bands and for converting that energy to an electrical signal; and

phase compensation means for correcting phase error in said second additional band introduced by said first dichroic energy collection means;

wherein said first and second dichroic energy collection means are located coaxially one behind the other and said at least one third energy collection means are located behind and coaxially with said first and second dichroic energy collection means.

2. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 1 wherein said first dichroic energy collection means comprises:

a Cassegrainian primary reflector (18) for reflecting, along said first boresight axis, the radiant energy in said first band; and

a Cassegrainian secondary reflector (20) positioned on said boresight axis for re-reflecting radiant energy reflected from said primary reflector along said first boresight axis and for focusing said re-reflected radiant energy in a focal plane about said first boresight axis.

3. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 1 wherein:

said second dichroic energy collection means is a parabolic reflector (12), having a focal point on said second boresight axis, additionally serving to reflect and thereby transmit radiant energy in said first additional band; and

further comprising emitting means for creating and emitting of radiant energy comprising;

generating means for creating said radiant energy in said first additional band;

waveguide means for directing said radiant energy to said focal point; and

a monopulse feed located at said focal point for transferring said radiant energy from said waveguide

means to free space in the direction of said parabolic reflector (12).

4. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 1 wherein said at least one third energy collection means comprises a planar spiral array.

5. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 1 wherein said at least one third energy collection means comprises a planar slotted array.

6. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 2 wherein said first conversion means (26) comprises:

scanning means (28) for redirectinig said radiant energy on said focal plane to a fixed point; and

sensing means (30) located at said fixed point for converting said redirected energy to an electrical signal.

7. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 3 wherein said parabolic reflector (12) comprises a RF reflective surface.

8. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 3 wherein said parabolic reflector (12) comprises a dichroic surface disposed on a parabolic dielectric material having a thickness which is tapered as a function of radius.

9. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 3 wherein said at least one third energy collection means comprises a planar spiral array.

10. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 9 wherein said first dichroic energy collection means comprises:

a Cassegrainian primary reflector (18) for reflecting, along said first boresight axis, the radiant energy in said first band; and

a Cassegrainian secondary reflector (20) positioned on said boresight axis for re-reflecting radiant energy reflected from said primary reflector along said first boresight axis and for focusing said re-reflected radiant energy in a focal plane about said first boresight axis.

11. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 10 wherein said first conversion means (26) comprises:

scanning means (28) for redirecting said radiant energy on said focal plane to a fixed point; and

sensing means (30) located at said fixed point for converting said redirected energy to an electrical signal.

12. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 11 wherein said parabolic reflector comprises a RF reflective surface.

13. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 12 wherein said resonant parabolic reflector comprises a dichroic surface disposed on a parabolic dielectric material having a thickness which is tapered as a function of radius.

14. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 1 wherein said at least one third energy collection means includes an image plate.

15. The multi-spectral seeker system of claim 1 wherein said at least one third energy collection means comprises an array of directive radiating elements.