Hybrid linear-switching power supply

• US 5,309,082 A
• Filed: 07/10/1992
• Issued: 05/03/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 07/10/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Agilent Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Company (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Payne, Dean A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Stephan, Steven L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US07/911,858
• Time in Patent Office: 662 Days
• Field of Search: 323/273, 323/282, 323/266, 323/280, 323/281, 323/290, 323/268, 323/270, 323/223, 323/224, 323/226, 323/352, 323/222, 363/124
• US Class Current: 323/270
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/563 including two stages of regulation at least one of which is output level responsive, e.g. coarse and fine regulation
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0045 Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1582 Buck-boost converters H02M3/1584 takes precedence

Abstract

A hybrid regulator incorporates both linear and switching-type regulator circuits. While such a combination may at first be thought undesirable as simply compounding the flaws of one design with the flaws of the other, in fact the present design is well suited for many applications. In the preferred embodiment, the linear and switching circuits are cascaded. The switching circuit runs in open-loop fashion--without adaptive control. However, a feedback signal is derived from the output of the switching circuit and is used to control the linear regulator, effecting net control of the entire circuit. In this manner, a simple, low cost power supply is provided that provides the excellent regulation and simple over-current protection characteristic of a linear supply, together with the boost capabilities of switching topologies.

Claims

1. A power supply system comprising a switching power supply serially cascaded after a linear power supply;

the linear power supply including a linear regulating device, said linear regulating device presenting a linearly variable impedance through which energy is controllably passed and dissipated as heat to effect regulation;

the switching power supply including a switching element and a reactive element, said elements cooperating to store energy in association with the reactive element during a first part of a switching cycle, and to deliver energy from the reactive element during a second part of the switching cycle;

the linear power supply being connected to a power supply system input;

the switching power supply being cascaded between the linear power supply and a power supply system output;

the system further including a control loop for controlling the linear power supply from a feedback signal derived from the switching power supply output.

2. The system of claim 1 in which the linear regulating device includes a transistor configured as a controlled current source, the magnitude of said controlled current being responsive to the feedback signal.

3. The system of claim 1 in which the switching power supply is an open loop switching power supply.

4. The system of claim 1 in which the duty cycle of the switching power supply is fixed.

5. A hybrid method of providing a regulated output power signal from an unregulated input power signal, the method comprising:

coupling the unregulated input power signal through serially cascaded first and second semiconductor circuits to produce the regulated output signal;

operating the second of said semiconductor circuits non-linearly to switch energy into and out of a reactive element;

operating the first of said semiconductor circuits linearly to present a linearly variable impedance through which energy is controllably dissipated;

deriving a feedback signal from an output signal produced by the second, non-linearly operated semiconductor circuit; and

controlling operation of the first, linearly operated semiconductor circuit from said feedback signal.

6. The method of claim 5 which further includes controlling a constant current passed by the linearly operated semiconductor circuit from said feedback signal.

8. The system of claim 6 in which the linear power supply provides an output current responsive to the feedback signal.

9. The system of claim 8 in which the linear power supply includes an adjustable voltage regulator.

10. The system of claim 8 in which the switching power supply is open-loop.

11. The system of claim 8 in which the switching regulator has a boost topology.

7. A hybrid power supply system comprising:

a linear power supply for producing a controlled output signal;

a switching power supply serially cascaded after the linear power supply, the switching power supply having an input coupled to an output of the linear power supply; and

a control loop for controlling the linear power supply in response to a feedback signal derived from an output of the switching power supply.