Bridge-like internet protocol router

• US 5,309,437 A
• Filed: 06/29/1990
• Issued: 05/03/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 06/29/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Enterasys Networks Incorporated (Extreme Networks, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Digital Equipment Corporation (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Perlman, Radia J., Koning, G. Paul
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TON, DANG T
• Application Number:
  US07/546,619
• Time in Patent Office: 1,404 Days
• Field of Search: 340/827, 340/825.02, 340/825.02, 340/825.5, 370/85.13, 370/44.1, 370/60, 370/85.9, 370/85.14, 370/85.15, 370/16, 370/85.4, 370/85.1, 370/85.6, 370/94.3
• US Class Current: 370/401
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4625 Single bridge functionality, e.g. connection of two networks over a single bridge

Abstract

A device and related method for coupling segments of an extended local area network (LAN) in such a way that message traffic employing inter-network protocols such as TCP/IP will be handled without the difficulties usually associated with bridges, and without the complexity and expense of full IP router capability. The device operates like a bridge for non-TCP/IP traffic. For TCP/IP traffic it operates in a bridge-like manner but maintains a database associating extended LAN segment addresses with port numbers in the device, so that packets can be automatically forwarded over a spanning tree connecting the network segments. A host computer in any network segment can address others in different network segments of the extended LAN as though all were in a single LAN. The device of the invention functions to block the flow of ARP messages and to generate ARP replies that render the device of the invention transparent to hosts within the extended LAN. The device is also transparent to true IP routers, which may still be used to effect communication with points outside the extended LAN.

Claims

1. For use in a configuration of interconnected local area networks (LANs) handling message traffic in accordance with a set of inter-network protocols that use a network addressing scheme, a bridge-like IP router (BLIP), comprising:

multiple ports for attaching the BLIP to multiple segments of an extended LAN;

means for distinguishing received message traffic that uses the inter-network protocols from other message traffic that does not use the protocols;

bridge means for processing the other message traffic exactly in the manner of a conventional bridge, using unique station addresses to determine how to forward the received message traffic; and

bridge-like means for processing the inter-network protocol traffic in a manner analogous to a bridge, wherein a message packet received from an extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP is forwarded if necessary to at least one other extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP, using network addresses and network segment addresses, instead of unique station addresses, to determine how to forward the message traffic.

2. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 1, and further comprising:

means for processing address resolution messages requesting destination address information.

3. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 2, wherein:

the means for processing address resolution messages includes means for detecting and discarding address resolution messages requesting destination address information, and means for responding to the address resolution messages by transmitting in reply a message packet containing a special address code, but only if the request destination address is on a different segment of the same extended LAN as the BLIP; and

the bridge-like means includes means for forwarding any received message packet containing the special address code, to some subset of the attached extended LAN segments except the one from which the message packet was received;

whereby a host device may transmit to destinations on other extended LAN segments as though the destinations were on the same LAN.

4. For use in a configuration of interconnected local area networks (LANs) handling message traffic in accordance with a set of protocols known as TCP/IP, a bridge-like IP router (BLIP), comprising:

multiple ports for attaching the BLIP to multiple segments of an extended LAN;

means for distinguishing received TCP/IP message traffic from non-TCP/IP message traffic;

bridge means for processing non-TCP/IP message traffic exactly in the manner of a conventional bridge; and

bridge-like means for processing TCP/IP traffic in a manner analogous to a bridge, wherein a message packet received from an extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP is forwarded if necessary to some subset of the attached extended LAN segments except the one from which the message packet was received at least one other extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP.

5. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 4, and further comprising:

means for processing address resolution messages requesting destination address information.

6. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 5, wherein:

the means for processing address resolution messages includes means for detecting and discarding address resolution messages requesting destination address information, and means for responding to the address resolution messages by transmitting in reply a message packet containing a special address code, but only if the requested destination address is on a different segment of the same extended LAN as the BLIP; and

the bridge-like means includes means for forwarding any received message packet containing the special address code, to some subset of the attached extended LAN segments except the one from which the message packet was received;

whereby a host device may transmit to destinations on other extended LAN segments as though the destinations were on the same LAN.

7. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 4, wherein the bridge-like means includes:

an IP database associating each segment of the extended LAN with a port of the BLIP; and

means for updating the IP database by observing each received message and correlating the segment address for each message source with a port through which the message is received.

8. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 4, wherein the bridge-like means includes:

an ARP database associating each network layer address in attached extended LAN segments with a corresponding data link layer address; and

means for updating the ARP database by sending ARP messages directed to specific network layer addresses and processing ARP replies that contain the corresponding data link layer addresses.

9. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 4, wherein the bridge-like means includes:

a router database containing data link layer addresses for all true IP routers connected to the extended LAN.

10. For use in a configuration of interconnected local area networks (LANs) handling message traffic in accordance with a set of protocols known as TCP/IP, a bridge-like IP router (BLIP), comprising:

multiple ports for attaching the BLIP to multiple segments of an extended LAN;

means for distinguishing received TCP/IP message traffic from non-TCP/IP message traffic;

bridge means for processing non-TCP/IP message traffic exactly in the manner of a conventional bridge; and

bridge-like means for processing TCP/IP traffic in a manner analogous to a bridge, wherein a message packet received from an extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP is forwarded if necessary to at least one other extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP;

wherein the bridge-like means includes

means for detecting and discarding ARP messages requesting destination address information,

means for responding to ARP messages by transmitting in reply a message packet containing a special address code, but only if the requested destination address is on a different segment of the same extended LAN as the BLIP,

means for forwarding any received message packet containing the special address code, to at least one other attached extended LAN segment, whereby a host device may transmit to destinations on other extended LAN segments as though the destinations were on the same LAN,

an IP database associating each segment of the extended LAN with a port of the BLIP,

means for updating the IP database by observing each received message and correlating the segment address for each message source with a port through which the message is received,

an ARP database associating each network layer address in attached extended LAN segments with a corresponding data link layer address, and

means for updating the ARP database by sending ARP messages directed to specific network layer addresses and processing ARP replies that contain the corresponding data link layer addresses.

11. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 10, wherein the bridge-like means further includes:

a router database containing data link layer addresses for all true IP routers connected to the extended LAN.

12. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 11, wherein the bridge-like means further includes:

means for determining whether a received message packet is destined for an attached segment of the extended LAN;

means for forwarding a packet destined for an attached segment other than the one from which the packet was transmitted, by obtaining a data link layer destination address from the ARP database;

means for forwarding a packet destined for a segment unattached to the BLIP, by transmitting the packet to at least one other segment through a port selected to reach the destination segment.

13. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 12, wherein the bridge-like means further includes:

address checking means effective for processing a packet destined for the same extended LAN segment as the one from which the packet was received by the BLIP, for taking corrective action depending on the data link layer destination address contained in the packet.

14. A bridge-like IP router as defined in claim 13, wherein the address checking means includes:

means for discarding the packet if the data link layer destination address matches an entry in the ARP database corresponding to an IP destination address contained in the packet;

means for substituting the ARP database entry for a data link layer destination address in the packet if there is no match; and

means for sending a redirect message to a source host from which the packet was transmitted, if there is no match, and sending an ARP message to verify the correctness of database entry.

15. A method of operation of a configuration of interconnected local area networks (LANs) handling message traffic in accordance with a set of protocols known as TCP/IP, the method comprising the steps of:

configuring an extended local area network (LAN) to include a plurality of extended LAN segments connected by bridge-like IP routers (BLIPs);

receiving a packet of data at a BLIP;

determining whether the packet has been transmitted under TCP/IP protocols;

processing non-TCP/IP packets in the manner of a conventional bridge; and

processing TCP/IP traffic in a manner analogous to a bridge, wherein a message packet received from an extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP is forwarded if necessary to at least one other extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP.

16. A method as defined in claim 15, and further comprising:

detecting and discarding ARP messages requesting destination address information;

responding to ARP messages by transmitting a message packet containing a special address code, but only if the requested destination address is on a different segment of the same extended LAN as the BLIP; and

forwarding any received message packet containing the special address code, to at least one other attached LAN segment;

whereby a host device may transmit to destinations on other extended LAN segments as though the destinations were on the same LAN.

17. A method as defined in claim 15, and further comprising:

maintaining an IP database that associates each segment of the extended LAN with a port of the BLIP;

wherein the maintaining step is performed by observing each received message and correlating the segment address for each message source with a port through which the message is received.

18. A method as defined in claim 15, and further comprising:

maintaining an ARP database that associates each network layer address in attached extended LAN segments with a corresponding data link layer address;

wherein the maintaining step is performed by sending ARP messages directed to specific network layer addresses and processing ARP replies that contain the corresponding data link layer addresses.

19. A method as defined in claim 15, and further comprising:

maintaining a router database containing the data link layer addresses of all true IP routers connected to the extended LAN.

20. A method of operation of a configuration of interconnected local area networks (LANs) handling message traffic in accordance with a set of protocols known as TCP/IP, the method comprising the steps of:

configuring an extended local area network (LAN) to include a plurality of extended LAN segments connected by bridge-like IP routers (BLIPs);

receiving a packet of data at a BLIP;

determining whether the packet has been transmitted under TCP/IP protocols;

processing non-TCP/IP packets in the manner of a conventional bridge;

processing TCP/IP traffic in a manner analogous to a bridge, wherein a message packet received from an extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP is forwarded if necessary to at least one other extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP;

detecting and discarding ARP messages requesting destination address information;

responding to ARP messages with a special address code when the requested destination address is on a different segment of the same extended LAN as the BLIP;

forwarding a message packet having the special address code, to at least one other attached LAN segment, whereby a host device may transmit to destinations on other extended LAN segments as though the destinations were on the same LAN;

maintaining an IP database that associates each segment of the extended LAN with a port of the BLIP, wherein the maintaining step is performed by observing each received message and correlating the segment address for each message source with a port through which the message is received;

maintaining an ARP database that associates each network layer address in attached extended LAN segments with a corresponding data link layer address, wherein the maintaining step is performed by sending ARP messages directed to specific network layer addresses and processing ARP replies that contain the corresponding data link layer addresses; and

maintaining a router database containing the data link layer addresses of all true IP routers connected to the extended LAN.

21. A method as defined in claim 20, and further comprising:

determining whether a received message packet is destined for an attached segment of the extended LAN;

forwarding a packet destined for an attached segment other than the one from which the packet was transmitted, by obtaining a data link layer destination address from the ARP database; and

forwarding a packet destined for a segment unattached to the BLIP, by transmitting the packet to at least one other segment through a port selected to reach the destination segment.

22. A method as defined in claim 21, and further comprising:

checking the destination address of every packet destined for the same extended LAN segment as the one from which the packet was transmitted; and

taking corrective action depending on the data link layer destination address contained in the packet.

23. A method as defined in claim 22, wherein the step of taking corrective action includes:

discarding the packet if the data link layer destination address matches an entry in the ARP database corresponding to an IP destination address contained in the packet.

24. A method as defined in claim 22, wherein the step of taking corrective action includes, if there is no match between the data link layer destination address in the packet and an entry in the ARP database corresponding to an IP destination address contained in the packet:

substituting the ARP database entry for the data link layer destination address in the packet; and

sending a redirect message to a source host from which the packet was transmitted.

25. A method of operation of a configuration of interconnected local area networks (LANs) handling message traffic in accordance with a set of inter-network protocols that use a network addressing scheme, the method comprising the steps of:

configuring an extended local area network (LAN) to include a plurality of extended LAN segments connected by bridge-like IP routers (BLIPs);

receiving a packet of data at a BLIP;

determining whether the packet has been transmitted under the inter-network protocols;

processing packets that were not transmitted under the inter-network protocols in the manner of a conventional ridge, using unique station addresses to determine how to forward the received packets; and

processing inter-network protocol traffic in a manner analogous to a bridge, wherein a message packet received from an extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP is forwarded if necessary to at least one other extended LAN segment attached to the BLIP, using network addresses and network segment addresses, instead of unique station addresses, to determine how to forward the packets.

26. A method as defined in claim 25, and further comprising:

detecting and discarding address resolution messages requesting destination address information;

responding to the address resolution messages by transmitting a message packet having a special address code, but only if the requested destination address is on a different segment of the same extended LAN as the BLIP; and

forwarding any received message packet containing the special address code, to at least one other attached LAN segment;

whereby a host device may transmit to destinations on other extended LAN segments as though the destinations were on the same LAN.