Capillary electrophoresis detection
First Claim
1. A capillary electrophoresis system comprising a capillary tube having a bore, an inner surface defining the bore, an outer surface, and a wall thickness of the tube defined between the surfaces, the bore having a width and being for transporting fluid, an input window in an outer surface portion of the tube and an output window in an outer surface portion of the tube, the input window and output window being spaced apart, at least one of the input window or output window defining a window width, and wherein the window width is not substantially greater than the bore width.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Detecting light in a capillary electrophoresis optical system includes input and output windows in the outside surface of a capillary tube. The width of the windows is not substantially greater than the bore of the tube. A fiber optic input is spaced from the capillary tube so that the light is directed to the tube and is matched to the window width. The light output from the tube is matched to be received by a fiber optic output spaced from the capillary tube. The optical light envelop from the fiber input through the tube and to the fiber output is governed by the LaGrange Invariant. The matching is effected in accordance with the Numerical Aperture of the fiber optics.
198 Citations
58 Claims
- 1. A capillary electrophoresis system comprising a capillary tube having a bore, an inner surface defining the bore, an outer surface, and a wall thickness of the tube defined between the surfaces, the bore having a width and being for transporting fluid, an input window in an outer surface portion of the tube and an output window in an outer surface portion of the tube, the input window and output window being spaced apart, at least one of the input window or output window defining a window width, and wherein the window width is not substantially greater than the bore width.
- 5. A capillary electrophoresis system comprising a capillary tube having a bore, the bore having a center, an inner surface defining the bore with a selected diameter, an outer surface, a wall thickness of the tube being defined between the surfaces, the bore being for transporting fluid past a detection path, an input window on an outer surface portion of the bore, the input window having opposite interfaces with the surface thereby defining the input window width, and an output window on an opposite outer surface portion of the tube, the output window having opposite interfaces with the surface thereby defining the output window width, and wherein the input and output window widths are additionally defined by a pair of intersecting straight lines directed from each respective opposite interface of an input window radially through the center of the bore to each respective opposite interface of the output window, and wherein the intersecting lines define a LaGrange Invariant for the detection path.
- 6. A capillary electrophoresis system comprising a capillary tube having a bore, an inner surface defining the bore with a selected diameter, an outer surface, a wall thickness of the tube being defined between the surfaces, the bore being for transporting fluid past a detection path, an input window on an outer surface portion of the tube and an output window on an opposite outer surface portion of the tube, wherein the input window and the output window define respective widths, the detection path being defined between the input window through the bore and to the output window, and wherein there is a LaGrange Invariant for the detection path and wherein the input and output windows have a width such that the LaGrange Invariant is substantially consistent through the detection path.
- 9. A capillary electrophoresis system comprising a capillary tube having a bore, the bore having a center, an inner surface defining the bore with a selected diameter, an outer surface, a wall thickness of the tube being defined between the surfaces, the bore being for transporting fluid past a detection path, an input window on an outer surface portion of the tube, the input window having opposite interfaces with the outer surface of the tube thereby defining the input window width, and an output window on an opposite outer surface portion of the bore, the output window having opposite interfaces with the outer surface of the tube thereby defining the output window width, an axis through the center of the bore and a position midway between the interfaces of the input window and midway between the interfaces of the output window, and wherein the input and output window widths are established by H=Yn1 u0 wherein Y is substantially half the window widths and substantially half the diameter of the bore, n1 is the refractive index of the tube, u0 is the angle between the axis and the line from an interface of the windows through the center, and H is an optical constant for the system.
- 25. A capillary electrophoresis system comprising a capillary tube having a bore, an inner surface defining the bore diameter, an outer surface, a wall thickness of the tube being defined between the surfaces, the bore being for transporting fluid past a detection path, an input window on an outer surface portion of the tube and an output window on an opposite outer surface portion of the tube, at least one of the input window and output window defining a width, the width being substantially equal to the bore diameter, means for generating a signal, and wherein the signal directed along the detection path between the input and output windows essentially does not pass through the wall without additionally passing through the bore.
- 29. A capillary electrophoresis optical system comprising a capillary tube having a bore with a center, an inner surface defining the bore with a selected diameter, an outer surface, and a wall thickness of the tube defined between the surfaces, the bore being for transporting fluid past an optical path, an optical input window in an outer surface of the tube and an optical output window in an opposite outer surface portion of the tube, at least one of the input window or output window defining an aperture width, and wherein the window width is not substantially greater than the bore diameter.
- 33. A capillary electrophoresis optical system comprising a capillary tube having a bore, the bore having a center, an inner surface defining the bore with a selected diameter, an outer surface, a wall thickness of the tube being defined between the surface, the bore being for transporting fluid past an optical path, an optical input window on an outer surface portion of the bore, the input window having opposite interfaces with the surface thereby defining the input window width, and an optical output window on an opposite outer surface portion of the tube, the output window having opposite interfaces with the surface thereby defining the output window width, and wherein the input and output window widths are defined by a pair of intersecting straight lines directed from each respective opposite interface of an input window radially through the center of the bore to each respective opposite interface of the output window and the window widths are substantially equal to the bore diameter.
- 34. A capillary electrophoresis optical system comprising a capillary tube having a bore, an inner surface defining the bore with a selected diameter, an outer surface, a wall thickness of the tube being defined between the surfaces, the bore being for transporting fluid past an optical path, an optical input window on an outer surface portion of the tube and an optical output window on an opposite outer surface portion of the tube, wherein the input window and the output window define respective widths, the optical path being defined between the input window and output window and wherein there is a LaGrange Invariant for the optical path and wherein the LaGrange Invariant is substantially consistent through the optical path.
- 37. A capillary electrophoresis optical system comprising a capillary tube having a bore, the bore having a center, an inner surface defining the bore with a selected diameter, an outer surface, a wall thickness of the tube being defined between the surfaces, the bore being for transporting fluid past an optical path, an optical input window on an outer surface portion of the tube, the input window having opposite interfaces with the outer surface of the tube thereby defining the input window width, and an optical output window on an opposite outer surface portion of the bore, the output window having opposite interfaces with the outer surface of the tube thereby defining the output window width, an optical axis through the center of the bore and a position midway between the interfaces of input window and midway between the interfaces of the output window, and wherein the input and output window widths are established by H=Yn1 u0 wherein Y is substantially half the window widths and substantially half the diameter of the bore, n1 is the refractive index of the tube, u0 is the angle between the optical axis and the line from an interface of the windows through the center, and H is an optical constant for the system.
- 53. A capillary electrophoresis optical system comprising a capillary tube having a bore with a center, an inner surface defining the bore with a selected diameter, an outer surface, a wall thickness of the tube being defined between the surfaces, the bore being for transporting fluid past an optical path, an optical input to the tube and an optical output to the tube, and wherein the bore diameter defines a LaGrange Invariant, and wherein the optical path between the input and output conforms to the LaGrange Invariant.
- 57. A capillary electrophoresis optical system comprising a capillary tube having a bore with a center, an inner surface defining the bore with a selected diameter, an outer surface, and a wall thickness of the tube defined between the surfaces, the bore being for transporting fluid past an optical path, a fiber optic input for directing input light to the capillary, and wherein the fiber optic input includes a core having an end face spaced a distance from the input window whereby light is transmitted from the fiber optic input end face, the end face having an interface with a cladding and wherein light from the interface is directed at a converging angle related to a Numerical Aperture of the fiber input, a fiber optic output for receiving light from the capillary, and wherein the fiber optic output includes a core having an output end face spaced a distance from the capillary, the fiber optic output including a core having an interface with a cladding and wherein light is directed towards the interface, and wherein the light direction from the interface define a LaGrange Invariant for the optical path.
Specification