Method for extracting features from on-line handwritten characters

• US 5,313,528 A
• Filed: 11/25/1991
• Issued: 05/17/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 11/29/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ricoh Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Ricoh Company Limited
• Inventors: Nishida, Hirobumi
• Primary Examiner(s): Razavi, Michael T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Fox, David
• Application Number:
  US07/797,051
• Time in Patent Office: 904 Days
• Field of Search: 382/13, 382/16, 382/19, 382/20, 382/21, 382/23, 382/24, 382/36
• US Class Current: 382/187
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/347 Sampling; Contour coding; Stroke extraction
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/373 using a special pattern or subpattern alphabet

Abstract

A method provides for extracting features from a handwritten character which is input to an on-line input device. The on-line input device successively outputs stroke information indicating points on strokes of the handwritten character. The method includes a first step of detecting strokes of the handwritten character based on the stroke information. Thereafter, singular points are detected, based on the stroke information. Each of the singular points is defined as a pair of points on the strokes of the handwritten character which are written at different times but have substantially the same coordinates. Then, primitive sequences forming each of the strokes are obtained, and a connective relationship between each two formative sequences of each of the strokes is determined. Finally, the structure of each of the singular points is determined.

Claims

1. A method for extracting features from a character which is input to an on-line input means by writing the character by hand, said on-line input means successively outputting stroke information indicating points on strokes of the handwritten character, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting strokes of the handwritten character based on the stroke information output from said on-line input means;

(b) detecting singular points from the points on the strokes of the handwritten character based on the stroke information output from said on-line input means, wherein each of said singular points is defined as a pair of points on the strokes of the handwritten character, which points are written at different times but have substantially the same coordinates as each other;

(c) obtaining primitive sequences forming each of said strokes detected by said step (a), each of said primitive sequences is formed of primitives, each primitive of which is a monotone curve which is either non-increasing or non-decreasing;

(d) determining a connective relationship between primitive sequences of each of the strokes; and

(e) determining a structure of each of the singular points detected by said step (b) based on;

(1) primitive sequences including said each of the singular points; and

(2) a coupling of the primitive sequences including said each of the singular points;

wherein;

A) said on-line input means includes;

1) means for sampling points on the strokes of the handwritten character at a predetermined time rate; and

2) means for outputting the sampled point as the stroke information;

B) said step (b) includes (b-1) detecting the singular points based on a location of;

(i) a first line segment connecting sampled points p₁ and p₂ and (ii) a second line segment connecting sampled points q₁ and q₂ ; and

C) said step (b-1) includes detecting a pair of the sampled points p₁ and q₁ as one of the singular points when the first and second line segments are crossed in a state in which coordinates of the sampled points p₁ and q₁ are equal to each other.

2. A method for extracting features from a character which is input to an on-line input means by writing the character by hand, said on-line input means successively outputting stroke information indicating points on strokes of the handwritten character, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting strokes of the handwritten character based on the stroke information output from said on-line input means;

(b) detecting singular points from the points on the strokes of the handwritten character based on the stroke information output from said on-line input means, wherein each of said singular points is defined as a pair of points on the strokes of the handwritten character, which points are written at different times but have substantially the same coordinates as each other;

(c) obtaining primitive sequences forming each of said strokes detected by said step (a), wherein each of said primitive sequences is formed of primitives, each primitive of which is a monotone curve which is either non-increasing or non-decreasing;

(d) determining a connective relationship between primitive sequences of each of the strokes; and

(e) determining a structure of each of the singular points detected by said step (b) based on;

(1) primitive sequences including said each of the singular points; and

(2) a coupling of the primitive sequences including said each of the singular points;

wherein;

A) said on-line input means includes;

1) means for sampling points on the strokes of the handwritten character at a predetermined time rate; and

2) means for outputting the sampled point as the stroke information;

B) said step (b) includes (b-1) detecting the singular points based on a location of;

(i) a first line segment connecting sampled points p₁ and p₂ and (ii) a second line segment connecting sampled points q₁ and q₂ ; and

C) said step (b-1) includes detecting a pair of points including a point p₀ and the sampled point q₁ as one of the singular points when the first and second line segments are crossed in a state where coordinates of the non-end point of the first line segment and the sampled point q₁ are equal to each other, said point p₀ being the closest point to the sampled point q₁ between the sampled points p₁ and p₂.

3. A method for extracting features from a character which is input to an on-line input means by writing the character by hand, said on-line input means successively outputting stroke information indicating points on strokes of the handwritten character, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting strokes of the handwritten character based on the stroke information output from said on-line input means;

(b) detecting singular points from the points on the strokes of the handwritten character based on the stroke information output from said on-line input means, wherein each of said singular points is defined as a pair of points on the strokes of the handwritten character, which points are written at different times but have substantially the same coordinates as each other;

(c) obtaining primitive sequences forming each of said strokes detected by said step (a), wherein each of said primitive sequences is formed of primitives, each primitive of which is a monotone curve which is either non-increasing or non-decreasing;

(d) determining a connective relationship between primitive sequences of each of the strokes; and

(e) determining a structure of each of the singular points detected by said step (b) based on;

(1) primitive sequences including said each of the singular points; and

(2) a coupling of the primitive sequences including said each of the singular points;

wherein;

A) said on-line input means includes;

1) means for sampling points on the strokes of the handwritten character at a predetermined time rate; and

2) means for outputting the sampled point as the stroke information;

B) said step (b) includes (b-1) detecting the singular points based on a location of;

(i) a first line segment connecting sampled points p₁ and p₂ and (ii) a second line segment connecting sampled points q₁ and q₂ ; and

C) said step (b-1) includes detecting one of four pairs of the sampled points (p₁,p₁), (p₁,q₂), (p₂,q₁) and (p₂,q₂) as one of the singular point when the first and second line segments are crossed in a state where coordinates of non-end points of the first and second line segments are equal to each other, said one of the four pairs of samples points having the smallest distance between the sampled points.

4. A method for extracting features from a character which is input to an on-line input means by writing the character by hand, said on-line input means successively outputting stroke information indicating points on strokes of the handwritten character, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting strokes of the handwritten character based on the stroke information output from said on-line input means;

(b) detecting singular points from the points on the strokes of the handwritten character based on the stroke information output from said on-line input means, wherein each of said singular points is defined as a pair of points on the strokes of the handwritten character, which points are written at different times but have substantially the same coordinates as each other;

(c) obtaining primitive sequences forming each of said strokes detected by said step (a), each of said primitive sequences is formed of primitives, each primitive of which is a monotone curve which is either non-increasing or non-decreasing;

(d) determining a connective relationship between primitive sequences of each of the strokes; and

(e) determining a structure of each of the singular points detected by said step (b) based on;

(1) primitive sequences including said each of the singular points; and

(2) a coupling of the primitive sequences including said each of the singular points;

wherein;

A) said on-line input means includes;

1) means for sampling points on the strokes of the handwritten character at a predetermined time rate; and

2) means for outputting the sampled point as the stroke information;

B) said step (b) includes (b-1) detecting the singular points based on a location of;

(i) a first line segment connecting sampled points p₁ and p₂ and (ii) a second line segment connecting sampled points q₁ and q₂ ; and

C) said step (b-1) includes detecting a pair of points comprising a point p₀ and the sampled point q₁ as one of the singular points when the sampled point q₁ is included in a detection area which is formed based on a dimension of the first line segment, said point p₀ being the closest point to the sampled point q₁ between the sampled points p₁ and p₂.